| 词条 | Scripps Research |
| 释义 |
|name = Scripps Research |image = TSRI lab coat.png |image_alt = A lab coat with a The Scripps Research Institute patch |caption = A Scripps Research lab coat (with the facility's previous name) |latin_name = |established = {{Start date|1993}} |president = |chairman = |head_label = |head = |faculty = 265 |staff = 2,469 |budget = |endowment = |debt = |members = |location = San Diego, California Jupiter, Florida |state = |province = |country = US |coor = |address = |website = {{URL |http://www.scripps.edu}} }} Scripps Research, previously known as The Scripps Research Institute (or TSRI)[1] is a nonprofit American medical research facility that focuses on research and education in the biomedical sciences. Headquartered in San Diego, California with a sister facility in Jupiter, Florida, the institute has 250 laboratories employing 2,400 scientists,[2] technicians, graduate students, and administrative and other staff, making it the largest private, non-profit biomedical research organization in the United States and among the largest in the world. The institute holds nearly 1,000 patents,[3] produced 8 FDA-approved therapeutics, and has generated over 70 spin-off companies. According to the 2017 Nature Innovation Index, Scripps Research is the #1 most influential research institution in the world.[4][5] The Scripps Research graduate program is ranked 10th nationally in the biological sciences, 5th for organic chemistry, and 2nd for biochemistry.[6] HistoryScripps Research began with the Scripps Metabolic Clinic, founded near the current site in the La Jolla area of San Diego in 1924 by philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps, who was inspired by the discovery of insulin. In 1946, the metabolic clinic separated from Scripps Memorial Hospital. In 1956, Scripps Research was renamed Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation to reflect its broader focus and management's renewed commitment to biomedical research. Harvard biochemist A. Baird Hastings joined the institute in 1959, followed by immunologist Frank J. Dixon and colleagues William Weigle, Joseph Feldman, Charles Cochrane, and Jacinto Vazquez in 1961, biochemist Frank Huennekens and microbiologist John Spizizen in 1962. Dixon was appointed director of research operations in 1970, and in 1977 these operations assumed the name of The Research Institute of Scripps Clinic.[7] Upon Dixon's retirement in 1986, Richard Lerner, who had been chair of the Scripps Department of Molecular Biology, was appointed the research institute's new director. In 1989, the institute launched a graduate program. In 1991, as the result of a merger of hospitals, the research branch became part of a larger organization, the Scripps Institutions of Medicine and Science. In 1993, the research division separated from the clinical side, becoming an independent nonprofit organization under the name of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI).[7] An additional campus in Florida was instituted in 2004. Michael Marletta became president and CEO in 2012, assuming the position from Lerner.[8] Marletta announced his resignation on July 21, 2014 and James C. Paulson was subsequently appointed acting president and CEO. In September 2015, Peter G. Schultz was appointed CEO, and Steve A. Kay, president.[9] Kay announced he was returning to the University of Southern California in August 2016.[10] In October 2016, TSRI announced a strategic affiliation with the non-profit California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr). The two organizations had already collaborated on several research programs in recent years, including the development of an antibody engineering platform aimed at improving treatments for chronic diseases such as diabetes and COPD, and immune therapies for the treatment of cancer.[11] In February 2017, 5AM Ventures' John Diekman was named chairman of the board.[12] The Scripps Institution of Oceanography is often incorrectly associated with Scripps Research; it is in fact a nearby research facility that is part of UCSD. TSRI is a private nonprofit institute not directly associated with UCSD. Confusingly, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography was once called the Scripps Institution for Biological Research. FeaturesScripps Research's California campus is located on {{convert|35|acre|m2}} of land between the Torrey Pines State Reserve and the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla. In Florida, Scripps Research occupies {{convert|30|acre|m2}} adjacent to the John D. MacArthur campus of Florida Atlantic University in Palm Beach County, Florida. Departments and centersScripps Research emphasizes interdisciplinary studies. Departments provide support to the faculty, organized around: cancer biology, cell and molecular biology, chemical physiology, chemistry, immunology and microbial science, immunology and microbial science, molecular and cellular neuroscience, molecular and experimental medicine, molecular therapeutics, neurobiology of addictive disorders, and aging and metabolism. The institute also incorporates the:
Notable peopleAmong the 215 members of faculty are Nobel laureates K. Barry Sharpless and Kurt Wüthrich, as well as many other notable scientists, including Donna Blackmond, Phil S. Baran, Dale L. Boger, Benjamin Cravatt III, Gerald F. Joyce, Roy A. Periana, William R. Roush, Paul Schimmel, Peter G. Schultz, Eric Topol, Charles Weissmann, Ian Wilson, Peter Wright, John R. Yates, and Chi-Huey Wong.[22] In addition to the Nobel Laureates, the Scripps Research faculty comprises numerous members of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Philosophical Society, as well as winners of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry and MacArthur Fellows Program ("genius grant").[23] The board of directors includes Herb Boyer (co-founder of Genentech), John D. Diekman (founder of 5AM Ventures), William R. Hearst III (Chairman of the Board, Hearst Corporation), Ge Li (Founder of WuXi AppTec), and Joel S. Marcus (Founder, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.). Research rankingsAccording to the 2017 Nature Innovation Index, Scripps Research is the #1 most influential research institution in the world (LENS score of 18.1), followed by The Rockefeller University (LENS score of 15.4) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (LENS score of 9.4).[4] The Scripps Research Institute was noted as a standout in the Science Watch survey of "high-impact" papers in chemistry (1997–2008), ranked number one worldwide by citations per paper.[13] Another measure of productivity, the Hirsch index (which has been published by Chemistry World), placed six Scripps Research scientists – Wüthrich, Sharpless, Lerner, Yates, Schultz, and Chi-Huey Wong – in the top 100 of 2,000 chemists rated. Science Watch placed Sharpless within the Top 10 list of its "Top 100 Chemists 2000–2010" based on citations impact; other faculty in the list were the late Carlos F. Barbas and John R. Yates.[24] In addition, a Thomson-Reuters's list of researchers ranked in the top one percent by citations in their field (2002 to 2012) included TSRI researchers Phil S. Baran (chemistry); the late Carlos F. Barbas (chemistry); Dennis Burton (microbiology); Benjamin Cravatt III (biology and biochemistry); Pascal Poignard (microbiology); K. Barry Sharpless (chemistry); Eric Topol (genomic and digital medicine);[25] Ian Wilson (microbiology); Richard Wyatt (microbiology); and Jin-Quan Yu (chemistry).[26] Medical contributionsMedical therapies based on Scripps Research findings include:[27]
EducationScripps Research's Graduate ProgramThe graduate program at Scripps Research started in 1989 as the Macromolecular and Cellular Structure and Chemistry (MCSC) Program. A program in Chemistry followed three years after the establishment of the MCSC Program. In 2003, the institute redefined the curriculum to allow and encourage students to build course loads in an interdisciplinary manner. In 2005, Scripps Research's graduate program expanded to encompass the Jupiter, Florida campus. Today, approximately 300 graduate students are enrolled in the program, which offers doctoral degrees in the chemical and biological sciences. In addition to its Ph.D. programs, Scripps Research offers a master's degree in the discipline of Clinical and Translational Investigation (MCTI) for physician-scientists. The institute also administers the Skaggs-Oxford Scholarship program, which enables students to pursue a joint Ph.D./D.Phil. with the University of Oxford. The most recent graduate school rankings by U.S. News & World Report places Scripps Research's program as 6th in chemistry (2nd in biochemistry, 5th in organic chemistry) and 10th in biological sciences.[28] In 2018, the program was renamed the Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences following a gift from the Skaggs family.[29] Medical schoolsFlorida Atlantic University launched a new joint MD/PhD program association with Scripps Florida. The first students entered the new program in fall 2011.[30] Previously, Scripps Research and the Scripps Health hospital network explored the idea of starting a medical school in California,[31] but this project did not come to fruition. Outreach programsThe California and Florida campuses both offer educational outreach programs for high school students and undergraduates interested in learning more about science. Scripps FloridaThe Florida campus of Scripps Research operates a {{convert|350000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} state-of-the-art biomedical research facility focusing on neuroscience, cancer biology, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, biotechnology, and alternative energy development. More than 500 faculty, staff and students occupy Scripps Research's Florida campus. The grand opening of the new facility took place on February 26, 2009, five years after Scripps Florida started operating, with a public ceremony that drew many dignitaries including then Florida Gov. Charlie Crist. FundingGrants and contracts provide funding for a significant portion of the institute's research. This revenue is derived primarily from the National Institutes of Health and other federal agencies. In addition, grantors include, among others, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, and the Juvenile Diabetes Association. Gifts from individuals and private foundations provide an important source of funding for TSRI. Private foundations that have provided support include the ALSAM Foundation, Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust, W.M. Keck Foundation, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, Pew Charitable Trusts, the Ellison Medical Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Harold L. Dorris Foundation.[32][33] The establishment of the Scripps Florida campus was made possible by a one-time $310 million appropriation of federal economic development funds and by the Florida State Legislature and by an economic package provided by Palm Beach County.[34] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scripps.edu/news-and-events/press-room/2018/20180827-logo-name-medicine.html|title=World-leading scientific research institute debuts new name and look|last=MMS|website=www.scripps.edu|access-date=2018-10-25}} 2. ^About The Scripps Research Institute 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scripps.edu/about/facts.html|title=Facts-At-A-Glance|last=jc|website=www.scripps.edu|access-date=2018-02-13}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2017-innovation/tables/top200-institutions-lens|title=Top 200 institutions by Lens score {{!}} Nature Index 2017 China {{!}} Nature Index Supplements {{!}} Nature Index|website=www.natureindex.com|access-date=2018-02-13}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2017/20170810Nature_index.html|title=TSRI Ranks No. 1 in Innovation Influence|last=jt|website=www.scripps.edu|access-date=2018-02-13}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/the-scripps-research-institute--68/overall-rankings|title=Scripps Research Institute|last=|first=|date=|website=usnews.com|access-date=2018-10-25}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/about/history/index.html|title=Timeline|work=scripps.edu}} 8. ^{{cite web|author=Robbins, Gary|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/feb/20/chemistry-genuis-named-head-scripps-research/?sciquest |title=Chemistry 'genius' named head of Scripps Research|publisher=SignonSanDiego.com|accessdate=22 February 2011}} 9. ^[https://www.scripps.edu/newsandviews/e_20150921/leadership.html Scripps Research Institute Names Peter Schultz as CEO, Steve Kay as President] 10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2016/aug/01/steve-kay-tsri-back-usc/|title=Scripps Research president returns to USC|last=Bradley|first=Fikes|date=August 1, 2016|work=San Diego Union-Tribune|access-date=|via=}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/two-major-california-research-institutes-will-merge|title=Two major California research institutes will merge|last=Service|first=Robert|date=October 21, 2016|work=Science Magazine|accessdate=21 February 2018|via=}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sdbj.com/news/2017/feb/22/venture-capitalist-john-diekman-lead-tsri-board/|title=TSRI Revamps Board, Adds Venture Capitalist John Diekman|last=Meiling|first=Brittany|date=February 22, 2017|work=San Diego Business Journal|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/research/chavi_id/index.html|title=Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology & Immunogen Discovery|work=scripps.edu}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://masspec.scripps.edu/index.php|title=Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry |work=scripps.edu}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/research/dorriscenter|title=Dorris Neuroscience Center|date=6 March 2015|work=scripps.edu}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/research/nac/|title=IAVIs Neutralizing Antibody Center|date=6 March 2015|work=scripps.edu}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pearsoncenter.org|title=Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research|work=pearsoncenter.org}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.scripps.edu/science-and-medicine/translational-institute/index.html|title=Scripps Research Translational Institute|work=https://www.scripps.edu/science-and-medicine/translational-institute/index.html}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/research/skaggs/index.html|title=The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology|date=6 March 2015|work=scripps.edu}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://education.scripps.edu/graduate/|title=The Skaggs Graduate School for Chemical and Biological Sciences|date=25 October 2018|work=scripps.edu}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/research/wirm|title=The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine|date=6 March 2015|work=scripps.edu}} 22. ^{{cite web |title=Faculty |url=https://www.scripps.edu/faculty/ |website=Scripps Research |accessdate=19 December 2018}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/about/faculty_honors.html|title=TSRI Faculty Honors and Awards|work=scripps.edu}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencewatch.com/ana/fea/11sepoctFea/ |title=2011 Sep/Oct – Chemistry, At the Highest Level |publisher=ScienceWatch.com |date=2010-03-15 |accessdate=2012-10-29}} 25. ^[https://www.stsiweb.org/about/faculty/topol-eric/ Eric Topol, MD] 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/newsandviews/e_20140728/ofnote.html|title=TSRI Faculty Members Rank Among 'Most Influential Scientific Minds'|work=scripps.edu}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/about/achievements.html|title=Scientific Achievements|work=scripps.edu}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-science-schools/the-scripps-research-institute--68 |title=US News and World Reports rankings for Scripps Research Institute|publisher=US News and World Report|accessdate=2018-10-25}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Skaggs-Family-Foundations-Graduate-Program-Donation-Scripps-Research-Institute-471982103.html |title=Scripps Research Institute Receives Graduate Program Donation|publisher=NBC 7 San Diego|accessdate=2018-02-21}} 30. ^{{cite news |last=Travis |first=Scott |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/education/highered/fl-fau-md-20100119,0,5708545.story |title=FAU to Offer Its Own Medical Degree |newspaper= Florida Sun-Sentinel |date=January 20, 2010}} 31. ^{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Cheryl |url=http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20080325-9999-1n25school.html |title=Scripps plans to start new medical school |publisher=San Diego Union-Tribune |date= March 25, 2008}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/about/facts.html|title=Facts at a Glance|work=scripps.edu}} 33. ^Scripps Research Office of Philanthropy 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/florida/about/facts.html|title=Facts-at-a-Glance|date=6 March 2015|work=scripps.edu}} External links
11 : Scripps Research Institute|Biomedical research foundations|Independent research institutes|Universities and colleges in San Diego|Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges|1991 establishments in California|Florida Atlantic University|La Jolla, San Diego|Scripps family|Non-profit organizations based in San Diego|Neuroscience research centers in USA |
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