“KVTK (rocket stage)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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KVTK (rocket stage)

释义

History
Variants
References

{{Infobox rocket stage
|name = KVTK
|manufacturer = Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
|country-origin = Russia
|rockets = Angara A5 (upper stage)
|height = {{convert|10.4|m|ft|sp=us}}^[1]
|diameter = {{convert|3.8|m|ft|sp=us}}^[1]
|mass = {{convert|23,530|kg|lb}}^[1]
|propmass = {{convert|19,600|kg|lb}}^[1]
|engines = 1 RD-1046D
|thrust = {{convert|68.6|kN|lbf}}^[1]
|time = 1,350 seconds
|SI = 463 sec^[1]
|fuel = LH2/LOX}}

The KVTK ({{lang-ru|Кислородно-водородный тяжёлого класса}}, Oxygen/Hydrogen Heavy Class) is a liquid oxygen/hydrogen upper stage for high energy orbits. The KVTK contains an RD-0146D engine and is designed for use on Angara rockets.^[1] KVTK would be the first hydrogen-powered upper stage for use on a Russian launch vehicle, although Khrunichev has previously produced a hydrogen-powered upper stage (KVD-1) for the Indian GSLV.^[8] KVTK is designed to provide up to five ignitions, allowing for complex orbital maneuvering, and have an on-orbit lifespan of up to nine hours. KVTK would allow an increase in payload to GTO of 20-50% compared to the Angara A5's standard Briz-M upper stage, powered by UDMH and N₂O₄.

History

The KVTK was originally studied as an upper stage for the Energia family of rockets, but in 1987 was superseded by the RCS stage (Retro and Corrections Stage), based loosely on the American S-IVB. In 1996, consideration was briefly given to constructing a KVTK-derived Russian

Propulsion Module for the International Space Station. Most likely,this module would have been transported to the ISS by a Space Shuttle.

Variants

The KVSK (RCAF) would be a smaller cryogenic stage carrying {{convert|10,760|kg|lb}} of propellant for the proposed Angara A3,^[10] while the KVSK-A7 would be a larger stage loaded with {{convert|26,500|kg|lb}} for the proposed Angara A7.^[11]

References

1. ^¹{{Cite web |url =http://www.khrunichev.com/main.php?id=52 |title = KVTK |date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website =khrunichev.com |publisher = |last = |first = }}
2. ^¹{{Cite web|url = http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara_kvtk.html |title = KVTK to give hydrogen power to Angara|date = June 26, 2014 |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = RussianSpaceWeb |publisher = |last = Zak|first = Anatoly}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{Cite web|url = http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a5.html |title = Angara A5|date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = Spaceflight 101 |publisher = |last = |first = }}
4. ^¹{{Cite web|url = http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a3.html|title = Angara A3|date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = Spaceflight 101|publisher = |last = |first = }}

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
}}{{Upper stages}}{{rocket-stub}}{{russia-stub}}

2 : Rocket stages|Space launch vehicles of Russia

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