| 词条 | Kyabje Choden Rinpoche |
| 释义 |
|background = #FFD068 |name = (His Eminence) Choden Rinpoche |image=His Holiness and His Eminence Kyabje Chöden Rinpoche.png |caption = H.E. Chöden Rinpoche with His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama |alias = Chöden Rinpoche |dharma name = Losang Gyalten Jigdrel Wangchuk |birth_date = Saka Dawa (May 31), 1930 C.E. (according to Geshe Gyalten Kunga of Chöden Ladrang, Sera Jé monastery); |birth_place = Rong-bo, Kham, Tibet |death_date = September 11, 2015 C.E. |death_place = Sera Jey monastery, Bylakuppe, south India |nationality = Tibetan |religion = Tibetan Buddhism |school = Gelug |lineage = Gelug |title = Rinpoche |education = Sera monastery (Sera Jé), Lhopa Khangtsen |location = Rabten Monastery, Rong-bo, Kham, Tibet |teacher = {{flatlist|
}} |reincarnation of = Choden Rinpoche lineage |predecessor = Choden Tülku |successor = Choden Rinpoche Tenzin Gyalten |students = Geshe Gyalten Kunga |spouse = |children = |website = https://www.awakeningvajrainternational.org ; see also https://www.chodenrinpoche.com for Tibetan version; Vietnamese: https://www.chodenrinpochedharma.com}}{{Tibetan Buddhism}}(Kyabje) Choden Rinpoche ({{bo-tw|t= སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཆོས་ལྡན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ|w= (skyabs-rje) chos-ldan rin-po-che}}; in full, {{bo-tw|t= བློ་བཟང་རྒྱལ་བསྟན་འཇིགས་བྲལ་དབང་ཕྱུག|w= blo-bzang rgyal-bstan 'jigs-bral dbang-phyug)}} (May 31, (Tibetan New Year) 1930 Rong-bo district, Kham, eastern Tibet[1] – September 11, 2015[2]) was a contemporary yogi-scholar of the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism and a reincarnation (sprul-sku) of the Choden lineage, the historical abbots of Rabten Monastery ({{bo-tw|t= རབ་བརྟེན་དགོན་པ|w= (rab-brten dgon-pa)}} in Rong-bo district, Kham.[2] The late Choden Rinpoche, Losang Gyalten Jigdrel Wangchuk (lit. "Teaching of the victorious Losang (blo-bzang rgyal-bstan), fearless (jig-bral) sovereign (dbang-phyug)"{{efn|Note that while the four individual elements of Choden Rinpoche's Dharma name can be translated with authoritative accuracy when rendered in isolation, the relationship between the individual components is not decidedly settled in the absence of clear case markers. 1) "Losang" (blo-bzang) can both refer to the "clear mind" in the literal sense and to Losang [Drakpa]'s (i.e. Tsongkhapa) as the personal name. 2) "Gyalten" (rgyal-bstan) is an abbreviated form of "rgyal-ba'i bstan-pa", which translates as "teaching of the Victorious One". 3) Jigdrel ('jigs-bral) means "separated from fear" (not to be conflated with the slightly more common name "Jigmé" - "free from fear". 4) "Wangchuk" (dbang-phyuk) means both "sovereign" (as a noun) and "powerful" as an adjective. This accounts for some variation of renditions, especially when translated into foreign languages. For this reason, it is possible to interpret the terms both literally as "Clear mind, teaching of the victorious one, separated from fear, powerful"; at the same time, a more poetic reading might authoritatively opt for something along the lines of "fearless Sovereign [of] the teaching of the victorious Losang [Drakpa]". According to the Tibetan grammatical makeup, either interpretation is permissible.}} has been known amongst his peers and students as "master of the five sciences"[3] (viz. medicine, craftsmanship, logic, grammar and the inner science of Buddhism),[4] as extraordinary scholar of Tibetan Buddhism, yogic practitioner,[2] and for being gentle, kind and compassionate.[5] Kyabje Choden Rinpoche was a lineage-holder of rare and sought-after transmissions of the Tantrayana.[6] [7]Family background and early lifeChoden Rinpoche was born near Rabten Monastery, Rong-bo (Kham) into a "family of (minor) nobility",[8] (euphemistically rendered post-1959 as "family of an official") that consisted of nine sons and five daughters. He was recognized at age three as the reincarnation of the previous Choden Rinpoche, who in turn had been one of the candidates for recognition as the 12th Dalai Lama, Trinley Gyatso.[9] According to Geshe Tseten Gelek of Sera Jé—long time assistant to Kyabje Chöden Rinpoche—Rinpoche's third eldest brother, Geshe Thubten Yampil rose to local prominence as a compiler of over fifty volumes of Buddhist text and as a teacher of the Kālacakra tradition. The second eldest brother was reportedly "able to recite the Buddhist scriptures without even seeing them".[10] Kyabje Choden Rinpoche himself displayed similar feats of accelerated memorization, supposedly retaining prayers and scriptures with minimal effort and in only a fraction of the time generally required. EducationShortly after his recognition as the reincarnation of the abbot of Rongpo monastery, who had been the previous Choden Rinpoche, his uncle began tutoring the young lama. Kyabje Choden Rinpoche's relates about this period: {{Quote|text=From the age of 3 to 8, I was tutored by an uncle who lived in a hermitage, and at the age of 8 I entered the local Rabten Monastery, where I learned all the prayers and rituals. I was 6 years old when I first met the previous Pabongka Rinpoche, and I took many teachings from him at Rabten Monastery. I also took novice ordination from him then. At that time I did not know much about the practice. When I was 10 one ex-abbot of Drepung Loseling taught on the lam-rim and I attended the teachings, and it was around that time that my interest in the practice began.|source=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000}}The meeting with Pabongkha Rinpoche reportedly left a lasting impression: {{Quote|text=Rinpoche was very happy with me and I really admired everything that Rinpoche did: the way he walked, the way he dressed, everything. I felt, "If only I could be like him", because I had such admiration from him.|source=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000}}When he was 15 years old,[11] the young lama followed Pabongkha's counsel to enrol in Sera monastery and left his native Kham for the regional "college" allotted by geographical provenance, Lhopa Khangtsen. There, Rinpoche did extremely well, despite well-documented hardships, and relative poverty. Rinpoche "was in the same class as Geshe Sopa Rinpoche, Geshe Ugyen Tseten and Geshe Legden for two or three years."[12] Although the chief pursuit at Sera monastery was the esoteric curriculum of Buddhist philosophy as transmitted via the (Five) Great Treatises ({{bo-tw|t= གཞུང་ཆེ་བ་|w= gzhung che-ba}}); While enrolled in the Geshe Lharam class, Debating partner to His Holiness the 14th Dalai LamaChoden Rinpoche was chosen to serve as one of two debating-partners hailing from Sera monastery for the occasion of the XIVth Dalai Lama's public Geshe-examinations in 1959 ({{cite web|title=Debating with the Dalai Lama|url=http://www.kurukulla.org/program/choden_articles/debating.html}}) for the topics of the "Two Truths" ({{bo-tw|t= བདེན་པ་གཉིས|w= bden-pa gnyis}}). Despite an interlude of many years, when reunited in exile, both the Dalai Lama and Kyabje Chöden Rinpoche remembered the episode with fondness and in detail—according to Rinpoche, the Dalai Lama displayed a nimble mind and remarkable acuity during the examinations.[3] 1959 and its aftermath: in solitary retreat for 19 years (1965-1985)Observing the restrictive political developments manifesting at the outset of the Cultural Revolution, His Eminence Choden Rinpoche decided to withdraw from his public activities and the duties of a senior reincarnate Lama and instead to devote his time to extended solitary retreat. His motivation, he explained in early summer of 2000[13], was to practice the Buddhist meditation sincerely, and to realize, in practice, what he has learned in theory during his studies at Sera monastery: {{Quote|title=The Life of a Hidden Meditator|source=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 63|author=Choden Rinpoche|text=The main thing I wanted to do was to practice Dharma sincerely, no matter what external factors were arising.}}His Eminence Choden Rinpoche incepted his solitary retreat phase with the practice of "Taking the Essence" (Chulen). This came to be in response to the local administrator's instruction to Rinpoche "if you can practice Dharma without having to rely on other people for food or clothing, then you can practice".[14] His Eminence Rinpoche described this initial phase in the following manner: {{Quote|text=...many people decided that the practice called Taking the Essence — Chulen — (which didn't require any food) was the best option and aimed to live in retreat in mountain hermitages.To do chulen you need to get instructions, proper instructions. At the beginning I didn't get the instruction, but at last, after requesting so many times, some of us received the instruction and I did the retreat for three months. I wanted to continue this practice for my whole life. The practice went well and I felt a lot of energy and mindfulness.|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|source=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 70}} Thereafter, His Eminence, being forced to abort his Chulen practice by dint of governmental changes in policy[15], began to live in Lhasa until about 1964, "doing the main practices of Guhyasamaja, Yamantaka and Heruka, and giving some teachings where I could."[16] According to Geshe Gyalten[17] H.E. Choden Rinpoche was able to accomplish the feat of completing a retreat of 19 years despite the onset of the Cultural Revolution, lasting from 1965 until 1985 by living in a small room in Rinpoche's cousin's house "without coming out"[18]. H.E. Choden Rinpoche was able to do so by feigning to be an invalid: {{Quote|text=His room had no window, only a small space for ventilation above the door. Rinpoche stayed in one room for eight years, then he went to another room for the remaining eleven years … He didn't take even one step out of those rooms for nineteen years … There was no altar, no text, nothing. He had already finished all the memorization of all the texts and prayers during his years of study at Sera, so he din't need these things. … So Rinpoche did all the retreats using just his mind; everything was in his mind. But he would never say this himself; he just says he was sleeping, thinking a little about the Dharma. … Until 1980 he didn't talk to anybody, only the person who brought food into his room. No one else even came to his room — if people brought food they'd give it to his family and they'd bring it in.|author=Geshe Gyalten (as Ven. Tseten Gelek)|source=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 66.}}Displaying characteristic humility, Rinpoche recounted the period in the following manner {{Quote|text=Because I stayed inside like this without ever going out, people said I was doing retreat. But it wasn't proper retreat, with the offerings, ritual things, and so forth[19]. During this time I would think about the various stages of the path to enlightenment, as well as Guhyasamaja, Heruka, Yamantaka, all the generation stage yogas. And when I had time, I would complete the mantra quotas of each deity.In any case, you don't need external things to do Dharma practice. It's all in your heart, your mind. As for realizations: you do not experience the realizations of the three principal aspects of the path, but you do have a little renunciation, and because of that, you are able to stay like that.|author=His Eminence Choden Rinpoche|source=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 68.}} 1985: Teaching activity in India begins{{Empty section|date=January 2019}}Teaching in the WestIn 2010, Geshe Gyalten founded Awakening Vajra International as a network of internationally associated Dharma Centers in order to provide a platform for Kyabje Choden Rinpoche's teaching activities in the West at the behest of his teacher. As of 2015, Awakening Vajra International is entrusted with the preservation and cultivation of Kyabje Choden Rinpoche's legacy and life achievement. Final years and transitionAlthough Choden Rinpoche's health was gradually waning from July 2014 C.E. onwards, Rinpoche steadfastly persisted to give major teachings in Sera Jé monastery, and even attended the great Lam Rim teachings given by the Dalai Lama. A final meeting between the Dalai Lama and Rinpoche was arranged in Delhi on 29 August 2015,[4] on November 3rd, 2015, the Dalai Lama composed a {{cite web|title=Prayer for swift return|url=https://www.docdroid.net/urdYRIt/return-prayer-new-1.pdf}} Despite Rinpoche's severe illness, there was not a single day in Rinpoche's life that he would miss a meditation or recitation commitment,[8] and right until the day of Rinpoche's passing, he was engaged with extensive prayers and rituals. Geshe Tenzin Namdak relates in an open letter:[4] {{Quote|text= From September 4th to 8th, together with senior geshes and tulkus, Rinpoche engaged in the self-initiations of his main tantric deities: Guhyasamaja, Heruka Chakrasamvara, Yamantaka, Cittamani Tara, and Vajrayogini. Disciples observed that Rinpoche performed the recitations precisely [and] without break. During that time, in accordance with the words of the texts, from the state of single-pointed meditation taking the three bodies into the path, Rinpoche also performed the hand mudras without omission or redundancy. On the 8th, having completed well the rituals of self-initiation, Rinpoche showed the aspect of great contentment and gave his final instructions for the future to his disciple Geshe Gyalten. [These instructions included directions for the pujas and prayers to be done after his passing and in the future, advice for the running of Awakening Vajra Centers, and indications regarding his next incarnation.]}}Rinpoche's final words, as transmitted by Geshe Gyalten Kunga and Geshe Tenzin Namdak, were "mainly it is important to remember the kindness of the Buddha and abide in that remembrance",[4] and added a verse from Arya Nagarjuna's Five Stages of Guhyasamaja: {{Quote|text= Whatever a yogi observes,He should view it as like an illusion. Similar to a reflection in a mirror, A dream, a mirage, a water-bubble, Or a trick of the eye, so should he see it. [The Buddha] said that is the main [insight].|author=Nagarjuna|author-link=Nagarjuna}} Resources for his studentsBefore showing the aspect of passing away, Rinpoche advised his students to recite the prayer "Chanting the Names of Manjushri" and other prayers in preparation of his rebirth in a new reincarnation.[20] Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kurukulla.org/program/choden.html/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830093656/http://www.kurukulla.org/program/choden.html |archivedate=August 30, 2014}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.kurukulla.org/program/choden_articles/hidden.html |title=Choden Rinpoche at KKC 11-04 |website=Kurukulla.org |date= |accessdate=2016-06-23}} 3. ^1 Geshe Gyalten Kunga: "The life Story of H.E. Choden Rinpoche", public talk held at "Elysium" event venue, Lindenstrasse 12, 14467 Potsdam (Germany); hosted by Kringellocken-Kloster (https://www.kringellocken-kloster.de/) in cooperation with Awakening Vajra International (https://www.awakeningvajra.org) on September 2, 2016. 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|author1=Geshe Tenzin Namdak|title=Letter regarding H.E. Choden Rinpoche's Kongdzong|url=http://fpmt.org/wp-content/uploads/teachers/touring/choden/Choden-Rinpoches-kongdzog.pdf?x98124|website=FPMT|language=English}} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Svensson |first=Glen |url=http://www.mandalamagazine.org/archives/mandala-issues-for-2000/july/ |title=July - Mandala Publications |website=Mandalamagazine.org |date=2014-06-20 |accessdate=2016-06-23}}{{Dead link|date=January 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kurukulla.org/program/choden_articles/revolution.html |title=A subtle form of revolution |website=kurukulla.org |date=2000-07-20 |accessdate=2017-01-08}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoA9SSlGtdk|title=The Life of A Great Yogi: H.E. Choden Rinpoche by Geshe Gyalten Kungka}} 8. ^1 Geshe Gyalten Kunga: "The life Story of H.E. Choden Rinpoche", public talk held at "Lotus Centre", Dlouhá 2, Prague, (Czech Republic); hosted by the Lotus Centre(http://www.centrumlotus.cz/en/) in cooperation with Awakening Vajra International (https://www.awakeningvajra.org) on August 5, 2016. 9. ^1 {{cite web |title=(Abbreviated) Biography of H.E. Choden Rinpoche |url=http://fpmt.org/teachers/touring/choden/ |accessdate=July 21, 2017}} 10. ^Tseten Gelek, {{Cite magazine|title=Mandala 2000 July–August}} 11. ^{{cite web |author1=FPMT |website=FPMT Touring Lamas|publisher=FPMT |url=http://fpmt.org/teachers/touring/choden/ |language=English |title=(Abbreviated Biography of) Venerable Choden Rinpoche |deadurl=no |accessdate=July 24, 2017}} 12. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 63}}. 13. ^{{Cite magazine|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|magazine=Mandala Magazine |issue=July–August 2000|page= 63|author=Choden Rinpoche}}. 14. ^{{Cite magazine|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|magazine=Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 70}} 15. ^{{cite magazine|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|magazine=Mandala Magazine |issue=July–August 2000|page= 66}} 16. ^{{Cite magazine|author=Choden Rinpoche|magazine=Mandala Magazine|issue= July–August 2000|page= 66|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|}} 17. ^Note that at the time of the writing of the article in the textbox of the Mandala Magazine July–August 2000, p. 66, Geshe Gyalten is listed by his lay name, Tseten Gelek. 18. ^{{Cite magazine|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|author=Geshe Gyalten (as Ven. Tseten Gelek)|magazine=Mandala Magazine|issue=July–August 2000|page= 70}} 19. ^The reason given for the absence of external paraphernalia is the strict enforcement of prohibition of outward practice and ritual: "At that time you could have absolutely no holy objects, no statues or scriptures. If they saw any scriptural texts you would be in big trouble. Even if you moved your lips without making a sound you would get into trouble, because they would think you were saying prayers. {{Cite magazine|title= The Life of a Hidden Meditator|magazine=Mandala Magazine |issue=July–August 2000|page=68}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Prayer resources for Rinpoche's students|url=http://fpmt.org/wp-content/uploads/teachers/touring/choden/Prayers-Advised-for-Choden-Rinpoches-Students.pdf?x98124|website=FPMT|accessdate=July 21, 2017}} External links
5 : 1930 births|Buddhist monks from Tibet|Rinpoches|Tibetan Buddhists from Tibet|2015 deaths |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。