| 词条 | Kya Sands, Johannesburg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kya Sands | other_name = Kya Sand, Dumping, Pipeline | image_skyline = Kya Sands Sign.jpg | image_caption = A community painted sign, reading "Kya Sands Formal Settlement, Please RDP" | pushpin_map = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa | coordinates = {{coord|26.024922|S|27.958039|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = South Africa | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Gauteng | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_type3 = Municipality | subdivision_name3 = City of Johannesburg | subdivision_type4 = Main Place | subdivision_name4 = Randburg | established_title = Established | government_type = Wards 96 and 115 | leader_party = DA | leader_title = Ward Councillor | leader_name = Matome Mafokwane (ward 115) [1] Sbusiso Mthembu (ward 96) [2] | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 0.156 | population_total = 16238[3] | population_as_of = 2009 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = Black African | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = Coloured | demographics1_info2 = | demographics1_title3 = Indian/Asian | demographics1_info3 = | demographics1_title4 = White | demographics1_info4 = | demographics1_title5 = Other | demographics1_info5 = | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_footnotes = | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = | demographics2_info2 = | demographics2_title3 = | demographics2_info3 = | demographics2_title4 = | demographics2_info4 = | demographics2_title5 = | demographics2_info5 = | timezone1 = SAST | utc_offset1 = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code (street) | postal_code = | postal2_code_type = PO box | postal2_code = | area_code_type = Area code }}Kya Sands is an informal settlement located in Region A of the City of Johannesburg.[4] Context and LocationKya Sands is bisected by the North Riding Stream (or Kya Sand Spruit according to some sources). It is closely bordered by the Kya Sand industrial area to the west, the Bloubosrand residential suburb to the east, the Hoogland industrial area to the south (separated by the old Randburg landfill site) and mostly small holdings to the north. The settlement occupies both private and government-owned land, lying on 6 different farm and agricultural holdings.[5] The privately owned sections of the settlement lie on the western side of the stream. City of Johannesburg owned land includes sections immediately adjacent to the stream and the property containing the old Randburg Landfill site (Houtkoppen 193-IQ ptn. 46). Portion 51 of the same farm (Houtkoppen I93-IQ), on which a large portion of the settlement lies, is owned by South African National Government and administered by the Gauteng Provincial Government.[5] NameKya Sands gets its name from the adjacent industrial area, Kya Sand. Other popular names for the settlement include Dumping and Kya Centre. The settlement is also referred to as Kya Sand, Phomolong and Kya Junction by some residents.[7] SectionsKya Sands is made up of a number of sections. The settlement is broken down firstly into Sections A to D. These are defined by government and are used in counting and numbering houses and toilets in the settlement.[7] Other sections include Pipeline, the whole section of the settlement east of the river, and Madala Side, the northern part of Pipeline.[7] HistoryWhile the exact year of the settlement's formation is disputed, indications are that it started in the early 1990s.[5][11] Informal houses were initially set up in the area by subcontractors working at the adjacent (now closed) Randburg Landfill site and the Kya Sand and Hoogland industrial areas.[6] Xenophobic Attacks, 2008In the May 2008 xenophobic riots in South Africa, violence against foreign nationals was reported in Kya Sands,[7] with police deployed to the area to try and curb attacks.[8] Hazards in the SettlementFireAs homes in the settlement are so close together, built from reused materials such as wood and plastic, and that most heating, lighting and cooking is done using open flames, fire poses a significant threat to the residents of Kya Sands.[5][6]
Government InterventionLocal authorities, in the form of the Gauteng Provincial Government and the City of Johannesburg, have proposed a number of plans for long and short term intervention in Kya Sands, since 2007.[5] While some short-term plans have been implemented, no long-term action (relocation or in-sutu upgrading) has been taken. On the contrary, the settlement has been extended since 2012, by government relocations to Kya Sands, from other nearby informal settlements.[5] Short Term Emergency InterventionsBetween 2006 and 2008, a number of short term emergency interventions were implemented by the City of Johannesburg. These included the installation of basic services including stand pipes, ventilated pit latrines, and establishing a waste removal service through Pikitup.[6] Between 2007 and 2008, some 150 households were moved by the City of Johannesburg from the western shore of the river, to section D of the settlement.[6] Bridge ConstructionIn response to safety concerns, residents of Kya Sands had regularly called for a bridge to be built across the river. [5][20] A bridge has now been constructed connecting Section C to Pipeline.[21][22] Service Delivery ProtestsResidents of Kya Sands periodically stage housing and service delivery protests,[23] with the most recent protest taking place on 12 October 2015.[24] References1. ^{{cite web|first=|title=Municipal elections results map|url=http://maps.elections.org.za/lgeresults|publisher=Independent Electoral Commission|accessdate=30 May 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.da.org.za/our-people/ward-councillors-map/|title=Councillors |website=DA|accessdate=21 August 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=2009 Socio-Economic Survey, Johannesburg North, Kya Sands|url=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/26674201/Web%20Page%20Files%20SA%20Informalsettlement/2009%20Socio%20economic%20survey%20johannesburg%20north%20Kya%20Sands%20and%20Lion%20park%20informal%20settlements%209%20July%202009%20pmm%20professional%20mobile%20mapping.pdf|accessdate=19 September 2013|author=Professional Mobile Mapping|year=2009}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Koma|first=Kirsten|title=City checks on flood damage|url=http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6108&catid=119&Itemid=200|publisher=City of Johannesburg|accessdate=11 April 2011}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last=Weakley|first=Dylan|title=Assessing Vulnerability and Resilience in Informal Settlements: The Case of Kya Sands, Johannesburg, South Africa|url=https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/|year=2013|publisher=University of The Witwatersrand|location=Johannesburg|format=Academic Dissertation}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Action to Provide Short and Long term interventions in Kya Sands Informal Settlement|url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/audhwovj5ambgqm/2007a%20Action%20to%20Provide%20Short%20and%20Long%20Term%20Solutions%20for%20the%20Kya%20Sands%20Informal%20Settlement%20in%20Region%20A.pdf|publisher=City of Johannesburg|accessdate=19 September 2013}} 7. ^{{cite book|year=2013|publisher=GLOBAL BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION|location=Helsinki, Finland|isbn=1-932917-09-8|pages=843–848|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255997254_Interaction_between_Socially_Responsible_Investment_and_Macroeconomic_variables_in_South_Africa/file/504635215ea8c37bc4.pdf/|author=S.K. Mokoena|title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS EXPERIENCED BY SOUTH AFRICA: THE CASE OF THE MPUMALANGA PROVINCE|accessdate=25 September 2013|format=PDF}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Wave of hate engulfs Jo'burg|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2008-05-19-wave-of-hate-engulfs-joburg|accessdate=19 September 2013|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date=19 May 2008}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Luvhengo|first1=Phathu|title=A man dies when fire ravages shacks in Kya Sand informal settlement {{!}} Randburg Sun|url=http://randburgsun.co.za/322955/a-man-dies-when-fire-ravages-shacks-in-kya-sand-informal-settlement/|accessdate=7 June 2017|work=Randburg Sun|date=6 June 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news|last1=Luvhengo|first1=Phathu|title=UPDATE: Police investigate fire accident in Kya Sand {{!}} Randburg Sun|url=http://randburgsun.co.za/323222/update-police-investigate-fire-accident-in-kya-sand/|accessdate=12 June 2017|work=Randburg Sun|date=12 June 2017}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/news/news-national/1351739/14-shacks-burn-down-in-joburg-north/|title=14 shacks burn down in Joburg North|last=Seemela|first=Masego|newspaper=The Citizen|access-date=2016-11-21}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Hundreds homeless after fire ravages Kya Sands |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/hundreds-homeless-after-fire-ravages-kya-sands-20151112 |website=News 24 |accessdate=30 October 2018}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Watson|first1=Amanda|title=Fire leaves dozens homeless in Kya Sands|url=http://citizen.co.za/445667/fire-leaves-dozens-homeless-in-kya-sands/|accessdate=11 August 2015|work=The Citizen|date=11 August 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Mdhluli|first1=Nomsa|title=Fire rages in Kya Sands informal settlement|url=http://ewn.co.za/2014/10/09/Fire-rages-in-Kya-Sands|website=ewn.co.za|publisher=Eyewitness News|accessdate=10 October 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|last1=Sapa|title=Kya Sands fire leaves hundreds homeless|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/gauteng/kya-sands-fire-leaves-hundreds-homeless-1.1762951#.VDeXgxZkle4|website=iol.co.za|publisher=iol News|accessdate=10 October 2014}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=200 homeless following shack fire|first=Thando |last=Kubheka|url=http://ewn.co.za/2014/01/26/200|accessdate=28 January 2014|newspaper=EWN|date=27 January 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web|last1=Gibbs|first1=JeVanne|title=Scorned Lover Blamed for Kya Sands Fire|url=http://citizen.co.za/41085/shack-fires-jgs/|website=The Citizen|accessdate=15 October 2014}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Police probe Kya Sands blaze|url=http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/police-probe-kya-sands-blaze|accessdate=15 October 2014|agency=South African Government News Agency|date=14 September 2010}} 19. ^{{cite news|title=Faulty stoves blamed for fires|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/faulty-stoves-blamed-for-fires-1.685559#.VD6f9BYgte4|accessdate=15 October 2014|agency=IOL|date=October 12, 2010 }} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-03-27-the-broken-vows-and-blocked-roads-of-kya-sands/|title=The broken vows and blocked roads of Kya Sands {{!}} Daily Maverick|last=Nicolson|first=Greg|date=27 March 2012|website=www.dailymaverick.co.za|publisher=|access-date=2016-09-26}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.za/maps/@-26.0250125,27.9582443,104a,20y,16.43h,58.98t/data=!3m1!1e3|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps|access-date=2016-09-26}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/12949/john-robbie-revisits-kya-sand-and-msawawa-informal-settlements|title=John Robbie revisits Kya Sand and Msawawa informal settlements|website=702|access-date=2017-01-06}} 23. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=SAPA |title=Kya Sands quiet after protest|url=http://m.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/Kya-Sands-quiet-after-protest-20130911 |publisher=SAPA|accessdate=19 September 2013}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Ngcobo|first1=Ziyanda|title=POLICE MONITOR KYA SAND PROTEST|url=http://ewn.co.za/2015/10/12/Protesters-throw-rocks-at-passing-cars-in-Kya-Sand|accessdate=12 October 2015|work=Eye Witness News|agency=EWN|date=12 October 2015}} External links
2 : Johannesburg Region A|Shanty towns in South Africa |
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