| 词条 | Lacinato kale |
| 释义 |
Lacinato kale (called cavolo nero, literally "black cabbage", in Italian and often in English) is a variety of kale with a long tradition in Italian cuisine, especially that of Tuscany. It is also known as Tuscan kale, Tuscan cabbage, Italian kale, dinosaur kale, kale, flat back cabbage, palm tree kale, or black Tuscan palm.[1][2] Lacinato kale has been grown in Tuscany for centuries,[3] and is one of the traditional ingredients of minestrone[4] and ribollita. DescriptionLacinato kale grows {{convert|2|to|3|ft|cm|order=flip|abbr=off|-1}} tall[5] and has dark blue-green leaves with an "embossed texture"; its taste is described as "slightly sweeter and more delicate ... than curly kale."[6] The lacinato variety is sometimes called "dinosaur kale" because its bumpy leaves may resemble what dinosaur skin looked like[7], and perhaps because the unique appearance of the leaves is evocative of primordial flora. Because of its taste, "slightly bitter [and] earthy",[8] it has been called "the darling of the culinary world".[9] Preparation and dishesLacinato kale, like most other kale varieties, is usually blanched first, and then sautéed with other, flavourful ingredients; in Campanian cuisine, anchovies are often added.[3] It is commonly used in pastas and soups, but can also be eaten raw, in a salad.[10] In Tuscan cuisine, lacinato kale is often used in ribollita (literally: "reboiled"), a thick, hearty soup made up of ingredients cooked for a meal the day before.[11] In Dutch, it is called zwarte kool (black cabbage) or palmkool, referring to the palm-like shape with the leaves growing from the stem, especially after the bottom leaves are harvested. CultivationLacinato kale dates to the 18th century in Italy.[13] This cultivar is popular among gardeners because of its color and texture,[12][13] and was listed amongst the plants Thomas Jefferson recorded in his 1777 garden at Monticello.[14] The plant grows to a height of two feet, with blistered leaves often over one foot in length each and two to four inches wide.[12] The "straplike"[15] leaves are typically harvested from the bottom of the stem, leaving the remainder of the plant resembling a palm tree.[12] References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Goin|first1=Suzanne|last2=Gelber|first2=Teri|title=Sunday Suppers at Lucques: Seasonal Recipes from Market to Table |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F8i3E4emYJIC&lpg=PT236&dq=cavolo%20nero%20lacinato%20kale&pg=PT236#v=onepage&q=cavolo%20nero%20lacinato%20kale&f=false|year=2005|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|isbn=|page=236}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Thorness|first1=Bill|title=Edible Heirlooms: Heritage Vegetables for the Maritime Garden |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCobUshBhpoC&lpg=PA90&dq=lacinato%20kale%20gardening&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q=lacinato%20kale%20gardening&f=false|year=2009|publisher=Skipstone|isbn=978-1-59485-142-1|page=90}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Appleman|first1=Nate|last2=Lindgren|first2=Shelley|last3=Leahy|first3=Kate|title=A16: Food + Wine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gIWoYep8-kC&pg=PA230|year=2008|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-58008-907-4|page=230}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Brennan|first1=Georgeanna|last2=Koons|first2=Todd|last3=Frankeny|first3=Frankie|title=Great Greens: Fresh, Flavorful, and Innovative Recipes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRBbX-G3XW4C&pg=PA30|year=2003|publisher=Chronicle|isbn=978-0-8118-3907-5|page=30}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART03040/Tuscan-Kale.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605040057/http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART03040/Tuscan-Kale.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2009-06-05|title=Tuscan Kale - Dr. Weil's Garden}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Michael T.|last2=Pizzorno|first2=Joseph|last3=Pizzorno|first3=Lara|title=The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLFLfbiWpqgC&pg=PA210|year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7434-7402-3|page=210}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.farmerd.com/product/575/seeds|title=Lacinato Dinosaur Kale|date=2012-10-30|publisher=Farmer D Organics|accessdate=10 October 2012}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Middleton|first1=Susie|last2=Fink|first2=Ben|title=Fast, Fresh, and Green: More Than 90 Delicious Recipes for Veggie Lovers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LDrdwuVSMP8C&pg=PT166|year=2010|publisher=Chronicle|isbn=978-0-8118-6566-1|page=166}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Soler|first=Ivette|title=The Edible Front Yard: The Mow-Less, Grow-More Plan for a Beautiful, Bountiful Garden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plbMQy5V5I0C&pg=PA49|year=2011|publisher=Timber Press|isbn=978-1-60469-199-3|page=49}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Ross|first=Jenny|title=Raw Basics: Incorporating Raw Living Foods Into Your Diet Using Easy and Delicious Recipes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kk2alR8WZ3oC&pg=PA18|year=2011|publisher=Hay House|isbn=978-1-4019-3166-7|page=18}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Dickie|first=John|title=Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nB6NtvQhYDYC&pg=PA285|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-7799-0|page=285}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Staub|first1=Jack E.|last2=Buchert|first2=Ellen|title=75 Exciting Vegetables for Your Garden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfSmSmC0WhMC&pg=PA120|year=2005|publisher=Gibbs-Smith|isbn=978-1-58685-250-4|page=120}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Ryrie|first=Charles|title=The Country Garden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vbImwF8GsNsC&q=Lacinato&dq=Lacinato&hl=en&ei=yZjlTbWoN4HpgAeTsLmnBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBTiqAQ|year=2003|publisher=Reader's Digest|isbn=978-0-7621-0391-1|page=111}} 14. ^{{cite book|last=Jefferson|first=Thomas |authorlink=Thomas Jefferson|editor=Edwin Morris Betts|title=Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDZy5EovSc4C&lpg=PA71&dq=cavolo%20nero%20gardening&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=June 1, 2011|origyear=1999|year=2002|publisher=Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, UNC Press|isbn=978-1-882886-11-1|page=71}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Chris|title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Heirloom Vegetables |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3IaTHvsFQEC&lpg=PT139&dq=lacinato%20kale%20gardening&pg=PT139#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-61564-052-2|year=2010|page=139}} External links
2 : Brassica oleracea|Leaf vegetables |
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