“Lai–Massey scheme”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Lai–Massey scheme

释义

Construction details
Literature
References

The Lai–Massey scheme is a cryptographic structure used in the design of block ciphers.^[1]^[2] It is used in IDEA and IDEA NXT.

Construction details

Let be the round function, and a half-round function, and let be the sub-keys for the rounds respectively.

Then the basic operation is as follows:

Split the plaintext block into two equal pieces, (, ).

For each round , compute

where , and .

Then the ciphertext is .

Decryption of a ciphertext is accomplished by computing for

where , and .

Then is the plaintext again.

The Lai–Massey scheme offers security properties similar to those of the Feistel structure. It also shares its advantage over a substitution-permutation network that the round function does not have to be invertible.

The half-round function is required to prevent a trivial distinguishing attack {{nobr|()}}. It commonly applies an orthomorphism on the left hand side, that is,

where both and are permutations (in the mathematical sense, that is, a bijection – not a permutation box). Since there are no orthomorphisms for bit blocks (groups of size ), "almost orthomorphisms" are used instead.

may depend on the key. If it doesn't, the last application can be omitted, since its inverse is known anyway. The last application is commonly called "round " for a cipher that otherwise has rounds.

Literature

X. Lai. On the design and security of block ciphers. ETH Series in Information Processing, vol. 1, Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz, 1992
X. Lai, J. L. Massey. A proposal for a new block encryption standard. Advances in Cryptology EUROCRYPT'90, Aarhus, Denmark, LNCS 473, p. 389–404, Springer, 1991
Serge Vaudenay: A Classical Introduction to Cryptography, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DVLEql738mwC&pg=PA33 p. 33]

References

1. ^Aaram Yun, Je Hong Park, Jooyoung Lee: Lai-Massey Scheme and Quasi-Feistel Networks. IACR Cryptology.
2. ^Serge Vaudenay: On the Lai-Massey Scheme. ASIACRYPT'99.

1 : Block ciphers

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