| 词条 | Lake Bermin |
| 释义 |
| name =Lake Bermin | image = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | coords = {{coord|5|09|30|N|9|38|0|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | lake_type = Crater lake | inflow = None | outflow = Cross River system | catchment = | basin_countries = Cameroon | length = | width = | area = {{convert|144|acres|ha}}[1] or {{convert|280|acres|ha}}[2] | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}}[2] | volume = | shore = | elevation = | islands = | cities = | reference = }}Lake Bermin (sometimes spelled Bemin or Beme) is a small lake in the volcanic chain in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. It is a volcanic lake with a diameter of about {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}}[1] and a crater rim that rises to a height of about {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=flip}}.[2] This highly isolated lake is roughly circular in shape, lacks an inflow, but has an outflow into the Cross River system.[3] BiologyDespite its very small size, it supports nine endemic species of tilapiine cichlid fishes (C. bakossiorum, C. bemini, C. bythobates, C. flava, C. gutturosa, C. imbriferna, C. snyderae, C. spongotroktis, and C. thysi).[2] This number of endemic fishes per area is the highest recorded anywhere.[4] Early genetic evidence suggested that these probably were the result of sympatric speciation.[3] Later studies indicate a level of secondary gene flow between the Bermin cichlids and Cross River C. guineensis, although it is unclear if this facilitated speciation among the former group.[1] They are a relatively recent radiation.[5] They are quite similar in their general appearance and morphology but vary greatly in feeding behavior, including specialists like C. spongotroktis that eat pierces of the large sponges that grow in the lake.[5] The Lake Bermin cichlids are small fish, none surpassing {{convert|14|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length,[6] and C. snyderae at up to about {{convert|5.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} being the smallest known tilapiine cichlid.[5] All the Bermin cichlids are critically endangered by pollution and sedimentation from human activities, and potentially also by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos),[7][8][9] although Bermin is too shallow to contain very high amounts of this gas.[10] See also
References1. ^1 Martin; Cutler; Friel; Touokong; Coop; and Wainwright (2015). Complex histories of repeated gene flow in Cameroon crater lake cichlids cast doubt on one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation. Evolution 69-6: 1406–1422. {{doi|10.1111/evo.12674}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bermin}}{{Cameroon-geo-stub}}2. ^1 2 Dickinson, C. (2005). The Tilapia of Lake Bernin, Cameroon. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313112343/http://www.faas.info/download/pub_awards/2005/011-001.pdf |date=2012-03-13 }} Modern Aquarium -Greater City A.S. (NY): 15-16 3. ^1 Schliewen, U.K., Tautz, D., and Pääbo, S. (1994). Sympatric speciation suggested by monophyly of crater lake cichlids. Nature 368(6472): 629-632. 4. ^Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). Western Equatorial Crater Lakes. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=519 |date=2011-10-05 }} 5. ^1 2 Thieme, M.L.; R. Abell; N. Burgess; B. Lehner; E. Dinerstein; and D. Olson (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment, pp. 58–60. Island Press. {{isbn|1-55963-365-4}} 6. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Coptodon | month = June| year = 2018 }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | author = Moelants, T. | title = Tilapia bakossiorum | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T21888A9335381 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21888/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21888A9335381.en | access-date = 25 December 2017}} 8. ^{{Cite journal | author = Moelants, T. | title = Tilapia gutturosa | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T21892A9336298 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21892/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21892A9336298.en | access-date = 25 December 2017}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | author = Moelants, T. | title = Tilapia thysi | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T21896A9337065 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21896/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21896A9337065.en | access-date = 25 December 2017}} 10. ^1 2 Freeth, S.J.; C.O. Ofoegbu; and K.M. Onuoha (1992). Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa, pp. 50—52. {{ISBN|978-3-663-05239-5}} 2 : Crater lakes|Lakes of Cameroon |
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