| 词条 | Lakshmana (Krishna's wife) |
| 释义 |
| series = Mahabharata | image = Mysore painting.jpg | caption = Ashtabharya with Krishna - 19th Century Mysore painting depicting Krishna with his eight principal consorts | spouse = Krishna }} Lakshmana or Lakshana is the seventh of the Ashtabharya,[1] the eight principal queen-consorts of Hindu God Krishna, an avatar of the God Vishnu and the king of Dwarka - in the Dwapara Yuga (epoch). Family and namesThe Bhagavata Purana mentions Lakshmana, who is endowed with good qualities, as the daughter of an unnamed ruler of the kingdom of Madra.[2] The Padma Purana specifics the name of the king of Madra as Brihatsena.[3] Lakshmana describes Brihatsena to be a good veena player in a dialogue.[4] Some texts give her the epithet Madri or Madraa ("of Madra").[4][6] However, the Vishnu Purana includes Lakshmana in the Ashtabharya list, but mentions another queen Madri, who is explicitly mentioned as the princess of Madra. The lineage of Lakshmana is not alluded to in the text. The text also calls her Charuhasini, one with a lovely smile. The Harivamsa also calls her Charuhasini, but is not associated with Madra and another queen called Madri or Subhima is mentioned like the Vishnu Purana.[5][6] MarriageLakshmana's father had organized a Swayamvara ceremony, in which a bride chooses a groom from assembled suitors. The Bhagavata Purana mentions that Krishna abducts Lakshmana from the swayamvara, just like the bird-man Garuda had stolen the jar of the elixir of life (amrita) from the gods.[7][4] Another tale describes how Krishna wins Lakshmana in the swayamvara, by acing an archery contest. The kings Jarasandha and Duryodhana miss the target. The Pandava prince and Krishna's cousin Arjuna, described as the best archer at times, missed his aim at the target with the arrow so that Krishna could win the hand of Lakshmana. Arjuna's brother Bhima refused to participate in deference to Krishna. Ultimately, Krishna wins by hitting the target.[8] Krishna and his queens once visited Hastinapur to meet the Pandavas and their common wife Draupadi. The proud and shy Lakshmana tells Draupadi that her marriage was also very exciting and narrates its tale.[9] Children and deathThe Bhagavata Purana states that she had ten sons: Praghosha, Gatravan, Simha, Bala, Prabala, Urdhvaga, Mahashakti, Saha, Oja and Aparajita.[10] The Vishnu Purana says that she has many sons headed by Gatravan.[5] The Bhagavata Purana records the wailing of Krishna's queens and their subsequent leap in Krishna's funeral pyre immolating themselves (see sati).[11] The Mausala Parva of the Hindu epic Mahabharata which describes the death of Krishna and end of his race declares that only four committed, others kill themselves by burning themselves alive after being attacked by robbers.[12] References1. ^{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975 | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | authorlink = Vettam Mani|page = 62}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/57/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.58.57|author=Prabhupada|publisher=Bhaktivedanta Book Trust}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975 | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | authorlink = Vettam Mani|page = 448}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/15/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.61.15|author=Prabhupada|publisher=Bhaktivedanta Book Trust}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishńu Puráńa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RO8oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA82|accessdate=21 February 2013|year=1870|publisher=Trübner|pages=81–3, 107–8}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mahabharata-resources.org/harivamsa/vishnuparva/hv_2_103.html|title= Harivamsha Maha Puraaam - Vishnu Parvaharivamsha in the Mahabharata - Vishnuparva Chapter 103 - narration of the Vrishni race|accessdate=25 January 2013|publisher=Mahabharata Resources Organization}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://krsnabook.com/ch58.html|title=Five Ques married by Krishna|accessdate=25 January 2013|publisher=Krishnabook.com}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/45238|title=The Ashta-Bharyas|last= Aparna Chatterjee|date=December 10, 2007|work=American Chronicle|accessdate=21 April 2010}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Rakosh Das Begamudre|author2=Pōtana|title=Amrutha of Sreemad Bhagavatha: adapted and translated from the Telugu original of Kavi Bammera Pothana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_IcAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=1988|publisher=Rakosh Das Beegamudre}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://krsnabook.com/ch61.html|title=The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna|accessdate=5 February 2013|publisher= Krsnabook.com}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en |title=Bhagavata Purana 11.31.20 |author=Prabhupada |publisher=Bhaktivedanta Book Trust |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613194505/http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en |archivedate=13 June 2010 |df= }} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16007.htm|title=Mahabharata|accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=Sacred-texts.com|author=Kisari Mohan Ganguli}} 2 : Consorts of Krishna|Characters in the Bhagavata Purana |
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