| 词条 | Lampblack Creek |
| 释义 |
| name = Lampblack Creek | name_other = Lamp Black Creek | source1_location = small valley on a hill in Jenkins Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = Gardner Creek in Jenkins Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|41.2807|-75.7751|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = Gardner Creek → Mill Creek → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | length = {{convert|1.5|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = between {{convert|1220|and|1240|ft|m}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|935|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|1.08|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} }} Lampblack Creek (also known as Lamp Black Creek) is a tributary of Gardner Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} long and flows through Jenkins Township.[1] The watershed of the creek has an area of {{convert|1.08|sqmi|km2}}. The surficial geology in the area mainly consists of bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale, shale and sandstone pits, urban land, alluvium, Wisconsinan Till, and coal dumps. CourseLampblack Creek begins in a small valley on a hill in Jenkins Township. It flows west-southwest for several tenths of a mile before turning west-northwest for a short distance, crossing Interstate 476. The creek then turns southwest for several before turning northwest. Several hundred feet further downstream, it reaches its confluence with Gardner Creek.[1] Lampblack Creek joins Gardner Creek {{convert|3.92|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[2] Hydrology, geography and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of Lampblack Creek is {{convert|935|ft|m}} above sea level.[3] The elevation of the creek's source is between {{convert|1220|and|1240|ft|m}} above sea level.[1] The surficial geology of Lampblack Creek mainly features bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale, as well as shale and sandstone pits. There are also some patches of urban land, alluvium, a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till, and coal dumps.[4] In 1974, Lampblack Creek was described as having "depressed" water quality. It was affected by acid mine drainage and sedimentation.[5] As of 2009, Pennsy Supply, Inc. has a permit to discharge treated mine discharge into Lampblack Creek.[6] WatershedThe watershed of Lampblack Creek has an area of {{convert|1.08|sqmi|km2}}.[2] The creek is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Pittston.[3] The Laflin Reservoir was historically on Gardner Creek just upstream of Lampblack Creek. Lampblack Creek historically had a dam on it and a ditch also ran from the creek to Gardner Creek at a point above the Laflin Reservoir.[7] Lampblack Creek is a minor sub-tributary of Mill Creek.[8] HistoryLampblack Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1178836. The creek is also known as Lamp Black Creek.[3] This name appears in the Atlas of the Anthracite Coalfields of Pennsylvania, which was published in 1888.[9] In the 2000s, a 70.9-acre area in the watersheds of Lampblack Creek and Mill Creek in Jenkins Township experienced a $1.27 million mine reclamation project.[10] BiologyLamplack Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.[11] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Citation|author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map Viewer |accessdate=February 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=April 5, 2012 |df= }} 2. ^1 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|page = 82|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 3. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1178836,Lampblack%20Creek|title = Feature Detail Report for: Lampblack Creek|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 4. ^{{Citation|author = Duane D. Braun|url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_015829.zip|title = Surficial geology of the Pittston 7.5-minute quadrangle, Luzerne and Lackawanna Counties, Pennsylvania|page = 16|year = 2006|accessdate = February 27, 2015}} 5. ^{{Citation|author = Edward R. Brezina|url = https://books.google.com/books?ei=hsLvVP-ZEIa5ggTlo4SoDg&id=MposAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Lampblack+Creek%22+%22luzerne+county%22+pa&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Lampblack+Creek%22|title = A Listing of Aquatic Biological Stream Investigations: June, 1968 to January, 1974|page = 40|year = 1974|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 6. ^{{Citation|publisher = Pennsylvania Bulletin|url = http://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol39/39-37/1688c.html|title = LAND RECYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION|date = September 12, 2009|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 7. ^{{Citation|url = https://archive.org/stream/annualreportofco19102penn/annualreportofco19102penn_djvu.txt|title = Annual report of the Commissioner of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania|accessdate = February 27, 2015}} 8. ^{{Citation|author = Luzerne County Planning Commission|url = http://files.dep.state.pa.us/water/Watershed%20Management/WatershedPortalFiles/StormwaterManagement/Approved%20Plans/Act%20167%20Luzerne%20County%20Mill%20Creek.pdf|title = MILL CREEK WATERSHED ACT 167 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME II - PLAN CONTENTS JUNE 30, 2000|pages = 13|date = |accessdate = February 26, 2015|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407193251/http://files.dep.state.pa.us/water/Watershed%20Management/WatershedPortalFiles/StormwaterManagement/Approved%20Plans/Act%20167%20Luzerne%20County%20Mill%20Creek.pdf|archivedate = April 7, 2014|df = }} 9. ^{{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:4:0::NO:4:P4_FID,FNAME:1178836,Lamp%20Black%20Creek|title = Variant Citation|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 10. ^{{Citation|publisher = Times Leader|url = http://archives.timesleader.com/2009_7/2009_03_04_4_county_mine_sites_reclaimed_-news.html|title = 4 county mine sites reclaimed|year = 2009|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 11. ^{{Citation|url = http://www.puc.state.pa.us/pcdocs/1206550.pdf|title = ATTACHMENT 3 NORTHEAST-POCONO RELIABILITY PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING|page = 14|accessdate = February 26, 2015}} 3 : Rivers of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of the Susquehanna River|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。