| 词条 | Laplace-P |
| 释义 |
| name = Laplace-P | names_list = Europa Lander (2009—2011) | image = | image_caption = | image_alt = | image_size = | mission_type = Reconnaissance by orbiter and lander | operator = Roscosmos | COSPAR_ID = | SATCAT = | website = | mission_duration = ≥ 10 years | distance_travelled = | orbits_completed = | suborbital_range = | suborbital_apogee = | spacecraft = | spacecraft_type = | spacecraft_bus = | manufacturer = | launch_mass = orbiter: {{convert|4000|kg|abbr=on}} lander: {{convert|950|kg|abbr=on}}[1] | BOL_mass = | landing_mass = | dry_mass = orbiter: {{convert|2260|kg|abbr=on}} lander: {{convert|550|kg|abbr=on}} | payload_mass = orbiter: {{convert|50|kg|abbr=on}} lander: {{convert|60|kg|abbr=on}} [1] | dimensions = | power = | launch_date = 2026 (proposed)[1] | launch_rocket = Angara-A5 with the KVTK upper stage[2] | launch_site = | launch_contractor = | landing_date = | landing_site = | orbit_reference = | orbit_regime = | orbit_semimajor = | orbit_eccentricity = | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|900,000|km|abbr=on}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|20,000,000|km|abbr=on}} | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = 200 days | orbit_RAAN = | orbit_arg_periapsis = | orbit_mean_anomaly = | orbit_mean_motion = | orbit_repeat = | orbit_velocity = | orbit_epoch = | orbit_rev_number = | apsis = Jovian |interplanetary = |type = lander |object = Ganymede |component = |arrival_date = 2030 (proposed) |location = |periapsis = |apoapsis = |inclination = |apsis = | trans_band = | trans_frequency = | trans_bandwidth = | trans_capacity = | trans_coverage = | trans_TWTA = | trans_EIRP = | trans_HPBW = }} Laplace-P (formerly called Europa Lander[3]) is a proposed orbiter and lander by the Russian Federal Space Agency designed to study the Jovian moon system and explore Ganymede with a lander. Russia has expressed an interest in flying their lander with the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) in 2022, but as yet the current Laplace-P concept is for an orbiter and lander to be launched on a heavy-lift rocket in 2023, if the mission is launched.[3][4] HistoryThe Europa Lander would have been launched in 2020s as part of the Europa Jupiter System Mission proposed in 2007 by the ESA, that would have studied the Jovian moon system as well as the planet Jupiter. The orbiter would have done several flybys of other Jovian moons before being placed in orbit around Europa.[5] The lander would have researched the ocean underneath the ice sheet of Europa.[6] However, to avoid the damaging effects of Jupiter's radiation belts, the destination of the lander was switched in 2011 from Europa to Ganymede.[3] Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System and has an internal ocean that may contain more water than all of Earth's oceans together.[7][8][9] The orbiter would perform 13 flybys of Ganymede, and 4 flybys of Callisto and carry up to {{convert|50|kg|abbr=on}} of scientific instruments, while the Europa lander would have carried up to {{convert|70|kg|abbr=on}} of scientific instruments.[10][11] ConceptLaplace-P would be a dual mission featuring an orbiter and a lander launched together toward Jupiter. One spacecraft would orbit the moon Ganymede, while the lander would perform a soft landing on its surface.[3][12] The "P" in Laplace-P stands for "posadka" (landing). The planned trajectory is to use the VEEGA (Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist) route.[13] Both spacecraft would be carrying about {{convert|50|kg|abbr=on}} of scientific instruments each.[3] The lander would be powered by an RTG, while the orbiter would be equipped either with an RTG or with solar panels.[3] If the lander is launched together with JUICE, then the Russian orbiter would be omitted due to JUICE filling its role. The radiation conditions on the Ganymede surface are fairly benign. On the other hand, the Ganymedean gravitational parameter (GM = 9887.8 km3/s2) makes the landing on it from the orbit more difficult than in the case of Europa.[13] ObjectivesThe main objectives of the mission are to study Ganymede's atmosphere, its icy surface, assess Ganymede's habitability, and perform an in-situ search for biosignatures.[2] See also{{Commons category|Ganymede (moon)}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://tass.ru/kosmos/3432137 |title=РФ планирует доставить свои исследовательские аппараты к Юпитеру к 2032 году |publisher=TASS |date=5 July 2016 |access-date=2017-01-08 |language=Russian}} {{Ganymede}}{{Jupiter spacecraft}}{{Moons of Jupiter}}{{Russian space program}}{{Astrobiology}}2. ^1 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0038094617070127 Advanced Russian Mission Laplace-P to Study the Planetary System of Jupiter: Scientific Goals, Objectives, Special Features and Mission Profile]. M. B. Martynov, P. V. Merkulov, I. V. Lomakin, P. A. Vyatlev, A. V. Simonov, E. V. Leun, A. A. Barabanov, A. F. Nasyrov. Solar System Research December 2017, Volume 51, Issue 7, pp 555–562. {{doi|10.1134/S0038094617070127}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=Russia funds a proposal to land on Jupiter's moon Ganymede |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/laplas.html |website=Russianspaceweb |access-date=August 11, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730003517/http://russianspaceweb.com/laplas.html |archivedate=July 30, 2015 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.space.com/21622-russia-europe-jupiter-probes.html | title=Russia may land probe on Jupiter's moon Ganymede with Europe's JUICE Mission | publisher=SPACE.com | date=June 19, 2013 | accessdate=August 25, 2015 | author=Clark, Stephen}} 5. ^{{Cite journal |url=http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2009/EPSC2009-615-1.pdf |title=Europa Lander: Mission Concept and Science Goals |publisher=European Planetary Science Congress |year=2009 |volume=4 |id=EPSC2009-615-1 |author=L. Zelenyi| display-authors=etal}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/opag/march09/presentations/08hand.pdf |title=Report on the Europa Lander Workshop |date=February 9–13, 2009 |author=K.P. Hand}} 7. ^{{cite news |last=Staff |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/march/nasa-s-hubble-observations-suggest-underground-ocean-on-jupiters-largest-moon/#.VQJhMM26t0s |title=NASA’s Hubble Observations Suggest Underground Ocean on Jupiter's Largest Moon |work=NASA News |date=March 12, 2015 |accessdate=2015-03-15 }} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://rt.com/usa/240301-nasa-jupiter-ganymede-ocean |title=Jupiter moon Ganymede could have ocean with more water than Earth – NASA |work=Russia Today (RT) |date=13 March 2015 |accessdate=2015-03-13 }} 9. ^{{cite news |last=Clavin |first=Whitney |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-138 |title=Ganymede May Harbor 'Club Sandwich' of Oceans and Ice |work=NASA |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |date=1 May 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-01 }} 10. ^International Workshop "Europa lander: science goals and experiments". 9–13 February 2009. 11. ^International Workshop “Europa lander: science goals and experiments” (9–13 February 2009) [announcement] 12. ^{{cite journal |title=Gravity assist maneuvers of a spacecraft in Jupiter system |journal=Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International |date=May 2014 |last=Golubev |first=Yu. F. |last2=Grushevskii |first2=A. V. |last3=Koryanov |first3=V. V. |last4=Tuchin |first4=A. G. |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=445–463 |issn=1555-6530 |doi=10.1134/S1064230714030083 }} 13. ^1 {{cite journal |title=TO THE ADAPTIVE MULTIBODY GRAVITY ASSIST TOURS DESIGN IN JOVIAN SYSTEM FOR THE GANYMEDE LANDING |last=Grushevskii |first=A. V. |last2=Golubev |first2=Yu.F. |last3=Koryanov |first3=V.V. |last4=Tuchin |first4=A. G. |url=http://issfd.org/ISSFD_2014/ISSFD24_Paper_S15-4_GRUSHEVSKII.pdf |accessdate=2016-03-09 }} 7 : Ganymede (moon)|Russian space probes|Missions to Jupiter|Orbiters (space probe)|Proposed space probes|Proposed astrobiology space missions|Roscosmos |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。