| 词条 | Second Republic of Venezuela |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Venezuela |native_name = República de Venezuela |common_name = Venezuela |status = Unrecognized State |era= Spanish American wars of independence |year_start = 1813 |year_end = 1814 |event_start = Admirable Campaign |date_start = August 7 |date_end = July 16 |event_end = Conquest |p1 = Captaincy General of Venezuela |flag_p1 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg |p2 = First Republic of Venezuela |flag_p2 = Flag of Venezuela (1811).svg |s1 = Captaincy General of Venezuela |flag_s1 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg |s2 = Third Republic of Venezuela |flag_s2 = Bandera de Angostura (20 de noviembre de 1817).svg |image_flag = Bandera de la Guerra a Muerte.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Venezuela (1812).svg |image_map = LocationFirstRepublicofVenezuela.png |image_map_caption = The Second Republic of Venezuela |common_languages = Spanish |capital = Caracas |government_type = Republic |title_leader = President |leader1 = Simón Bolívar }} The Second Republic of Venezuela (Segunda República de Venezuela in Spanish) is the name used to refer to the reestablished Venezuelan Republic declared by Simón Bolívar on August 7, 1813. This declaration followed the defeat of Domingo Monteverde by Bolívar during the Admirable Campaign in the west and Santiago Mariño in his campaign in the east. The republic came to an end in the following year, after a series of defeats at the hands of José Tomás Boves. Antecedents: Cartagena Manifesto{{Main|Cartagena Manifesto}}After the fall of the first Venezuelan Republic, colonel Simon Bolivar goes into exile and heads for Curazao. Soon after, he sets sail for the United Provinces of New Granada, which had just recently declared its independence from the Spanish Empire. In Cartagena, Bolivar pens a letter, the Cartagena Manifesto, in which he describes the reasons that lead to the fall of the First Republic, the current situation of Hispanic America, and his perspective on the future of the region. Bolivar asks the New Granadian congress for his incorporation into the army, and is quickly ascended to the rank of Brigadier and assigned to a garrison. He then organizes a flash campaign between Tunja and Pamplona, managing the expulsion of the royalist troops from this region. With the royalists in retreat, Bolivar once again addresses the New Granadian congress for authorization to intervene in Venezuela with a voluntary army. In view of the actions Bolivar had executed in favor of the New Granadians, the congress grants his request and Bolivar marches into Venezuela. Admirable Campaign{{Main|Admirable Campaign}}Use of the term in Venezuelan historyIt is during this period that the term "Republic of Venezuela" is officially used by Simón Bolívar's government. During the first republic, upon which Bolívar rested the legitimacy of his actions, the government referred to the Venezuelan state as either the "American Confederation of Venezuela" or the "United Provinces of Venezuela" in the Declaration of Independence (both terms are used interchangeably),[1] or as the "United States of Venezuela" (a term used interchangeably with "the Confederation") in the Constitution of 1811.[2] Third Republic of Venezuela{{Main|Third Republic of Venezuela}}Historians use the name Third Republic of Venezuela to refer to the period from about 1817 to 1819, when a rump government, organized by Bolívar began functioning in the Venezuelan Llanos. The year before, various Venezuelan guerilla forces managed to permanently establish themselves in the Llanos and captured the city of Angostura, which became their headquarters. This period culminated with the formation of the Congress of Angostura in 1819, which wrote a new constitution for Venezuela, replacing the one from 1811, which in theory, was still valid, although suspended since the collapse of the first republic in 1812. The congress decreed the union of Venezuela with New Granada in a new republic, known as Gran Colombia, bringing an end to the Third Republic. From 1820 to 1830, the territory of Venezuela was the Department of Venezuela within Gran Colombia. After the dissolution of Gran Colombia, Venezuela became once again the Republic of Venezuela, and although undergoing various changes in constitutions and forms of government, it permanently maintained its independence from this moment on. This period is seen as a stable Fourth Republic of Venezuela. See also
References1. ^In Spanish: Venezuelan Declaration of Independence, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes {{Gran Colombia independence|state=collapsed}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}{{coord|10|05|N|67|32|W|type:country_source:kolossus-ptwiki|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Venezuela (Second Republic)}}2. ^In Spanish: Federal Constitution of 1811 Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes 8 : Colonial Venezuela|Independence of Venezuela|1810s in Venezuela|1813 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada|1814 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada|Venezuelan War of Independence|1813 establishments in the Viceroyalty of New Granada|1814 disestablishments in the Viceroyalty of New Granada |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。