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词条 Secretary-General of the United Nations
释义

  1. Role

  2. Selection and term of office

  3. Residence

  4. List of Secretaries-General

  5. Statistics

     By regional group 

  6. Lifespan timeline

  7. Living former Secretaries-General

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}{{Use British (Oxford) English|date=November 2010}}{{Infobox political post
| post = Secretary-General
of the United Nations
| insignia = Emblem of the United Nations.svg
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption = Emblem of the United Nations
| flag = Flag of the United Nations.svg
| flagsize = 140px
| flagcaption = Flag of the United Nations
| image = António Guterres November 2016.jpg
| imagesize = 190px
| incumbent = António Guterres
| incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=y|2017|1|1}}
| department = United Nations Secretariat
| style = His Excellency
| member_of = Secretariat
General Assembly
| residence = Sutton Place, Manhattan
| seat = United Nations Headquarters, New York City, United States
| nominator = Security Council
| appointer = General Assembly
| termlength = five years, renewable (traditionally limited to two terms)
| formation = 24 October 1945
| constituting_instrument = United Nations Charter
| inaugural = Gladwyn Jebb
{{small|as acting Secretary-General (24 October 1945)}}
Trygve Lie
{{small|as first Secretary-General (2 February 1946)}}
| deputy = Deputy Secretary-General
| website = un.org/sg
}}

The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General serves as the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. The role of the United Nations Secretariat, and of the Secretary-General in particular, is laid out by Chapter XV (Articles 97 to 101) of the United Nations Charter.

As of 2019, the Secretary-General is António Guterres, appointed by the General Assembly on 13 October 2016[1].

Role

The Secretary-General was envisioned by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a "world moderator", but the vague definition provided by the United Nations Charter left much room for interpretation. The Secretary-General is the "chief administrative officer" of the UN (Article 97) "in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs" (Article 98). They are also responsible for making an annual report to the General Assembly. They may notify the Security Council on matters which "in their opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security".

Other than these few guidelines, little else is dictated by the Charter. Interpretation of the Charter has varied between Secretaries-General, with some being much more active than others.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} The Secretary-General, along with the Secretariat, is given the prerogative to exhibit no allegiance to any state but to only the United Nations organization; decisions must be made without regard to the state of origin.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}

The Secretary-General is highly dependent upon the support of the member states of the UN. Although the Secretary-General may place any item on the provisional agenda of the Security Council, much of their mediation work takes place behind the scenes.[2]

In the early 1960s, Soviet First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev led an effort to abolish the Secretary-General position. The numerical superiority of the Western powers combined with the one state, one vote system meant that the Secretary-General would come from one of them, and would potentially be sympathetic towards the West. Khrushchev proposed to replace the Secretary-General with a three-person directorate (a "troika"): one member from the West, one from the Eastern Bloc, and one from the Non-Aligned powers. This idea failed because the neutral powers failed to back the Soviet proposal.[3][4]

Selection and term of office

{{See also|United Nations Secretary-General selection}}

The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. As the recommendation must come from the Security Council, any of the five permanent members of the Council can veto a nomination. Most Secretaries-General are compromise candidates from middle powers and have little prior fame.

Unofficial qualifications for the job have been set by precedent in previous selections. The appointee may not be a citizen of any of the Security Council's five permanent members.[5] The General Assembly resolution 51/241 in 1997 stated that in the appointment of "the best candidate", due regard should be given to regional (continental) rotation of the appointee's national origin and to gender equality,[6]{{rp|5}} although no woman has yet served as Secretary-General.

The length of the term is discretionary, but all Secretaries-General since 1971 have been appointed to five-year terms. Every Secretary-General since 1961 has been re-selected for a second term, with the exception of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was vetoed by the United States in the 1996 selection. There is a term limit of two full terms, established when China cast a record 16 vetoes against Kurt Waldheim's third term in the 1981 selection. No Secretary-General since 1981 has attempted to secure a third term.

The selection process is opaque and is often compared to a papal conclave.[7][8] Since 1981, the Security Council has voted in secret in a series of straw polls. The Security Council then submits the winning candidate to the General Assembly for ratification. No candidate has ever been rejected by the General Assembly.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} In 2016, the General Assembly and the Security Council sought nominations and conducted public debates for the first time. However, the Security Council voted in private and followed the same process as previous selections, leading the President of the General Assembly to complain that it "does not live up to the expectations of the membership and the new standard of openness and transparency".[9]

Residence

The official residence of the Secretary-General is a townhouse at 3 Sutton Place, Manhattan, in New York City, United States. The townhouse was built for Anne Morgan in 1921, and donated to the United Nations in 1972.[10]

{{-}}

List of Secretaries-General

№PortraitSecretary-General
(Born–Died)		Dates in officeCountry of originUN Regional GroupReason of withdrawalRef.
–
rowspan="2"Gladwyn Jebb
(1900–1996)		24 October 1945 –
1 February 1946		United Kingdom}}Western European & OthersServed as Acting Secretary-General until Lie's election.[11]
After World War II, he served as Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations in August 1945, being appointed Acting United Nations Secretary-General from October 1945 to February 1946 until the appointment of the first Secretary-General, Trygve Lie.
1
rowspan="2"Trygve Lie
(1896–1968)
2 February 1946 –
10 November 1952		Norway}}Western European & OthersResigned.[12]
Lie, a foreign minister and former labour leader, was recommended by the Soviet Union to fill the post. After the UN involvement in the Korean War, the Soviet Union vetoed Lie's reappointment in 1951. The United States circumvented the Soviet Union's veto and recommended reappointment directly to the General Assembly. Lie was reappointed by a vote of 46 to 5, with eight abstentions. The Soviet Union remained hostile to Lie, and he resigned in 1952.[13]
2
rowspan="2"Dag Hammarskjöld
(1905–1961)
10 April 1953 –
18 September 1961		Sweden}}Western European & OthersDied in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), while on a peacekeeping mission to the Congo.[14]
After a series of candidates were vetoed, Hammarskjöld emerged as an option that was acceptable to the Security Council. He was re-elected unanimously to a second term in 1957. The Soviet Union was angered by Hammarskjöld's leadership of the UN during the Congo Crisis, and suggested that the position of Secretary-General be replaced by a troika, or three-man executive. Facing great opposition from the Western nations, the Soviet Union gave up on its suggestion. Hammarskjöld died in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1961.[13] U.S. President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskjöld "the greatest statesman of our century".[15]
3
rowspan="2"U Thant
(1909–1974)
30 November 1961 –
3 November 1966,
2 December 1966 –
31 December 1971		Burma|1948}}Asia-PacificDeclined to stand for a third election.[16]
In the process of replacing Hammarskjöld, the developing world insisted on a non-European and non-American Secretary-General. U Thant was nominated. However, due to opposition from the French (Thant had chaired a committee on Algerian independence) and the Arabs (Burma supported Israel), Thant was only appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. He was the first Asian Secretary-General. The following year, on 30 November, Thant was unanimously re-elected to a full term ending on 3 November 1966. He was re-elected on 2 December 1966, finally for a full 5-year term, ending on 31 December 1971. Thant did not seek a third election.[13]
4
rowspan="2"Kurt Waldheim
(1918–2007)
1 January 1972 –
31 December 1981		Austria}}Western European & OthersChina vetoed his third term.[17]
Waldheim launched a discreet but effective campaign to become the Secretary-General. Despite initial vetoes from China and the United Kingdom, in the third round, Waldheim was selected to become the new Secretary-General. In 1976, China initially blocked Waldheim's re-election, but it relented on the second ballot. In 1981, Waldheim's re-election for a third term was blocked by China, which vetoed his selection through 15 rounds; although the official reasons by the Chinese government for the veto of Waldheim remain unclear, some estimates from the time believe it to be in part due to China's belief that a Third World country should give a nomination, particularly from the Americas[18]; however, there also remained the question of his possible involvement in Nazi war crimes[19]. From 1986 to 1992, Waldheim served as President of Austria, making him the first former Secretary-General to rise to the position of head of state.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In 1985, it was revealed that a post–World War II UN War Crimes Commission had labeled Waldheim as a suspected war criminal – based on his involvement with the army of Nazi Germany. The files had been stored in the UN archive.[13]
5
rowspan="2"Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
(born 1920)
1 January 1982 –
31 December 1991		Peru}}Latin American & CaribbeanDid not stand for a third term.[20]
Pérez de Cuéllar was selected after a five-week deadlock between the re-election of Waldheim and China's candidate, Salim Ahmed Salim of Tanzania. Pérez de Cuéllar, a Peruvian diplomat who a decade earlier had served as President of the UN Security Council during his time as Peruvian Ambassador to the UN, was a compromise candidate, and became the first and thus far only Secretary-General from the Americas. He was re-elected unanimously in 1986.[13]
6
rowspan="2"Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(1922–2016)
1 January 1992 –
31 December 1996		Egypt}}AfricanThe United States vetoed his second term.[21]
The 102-member Non-Aligned Movement insisted that the next Secretary-General come from Africa. With a majority in the General Assembly and the support of China, the Non-Aligned Movement had the votes necessary to block any unfavourable candidate. The Security Council conducted five anonymous straw polls—a first for the council—and Boutros-Ghali emerged with 11 votes on the fifth round. In 1996, the United States vetoed the re-appointment of Boutros-Ghali, claiming he had failed in implementing necessary reforms to the UN.[13]
7
rowspan="2"Kofi Annan
(1938–2018)
1 January 1997 –
31 December 2006		Ghana}}AfricanRetired after two full terms.[22]
On 13 December 1996, the Security Council recommended Annan.[23][24] He was confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly.[25] He started his second term as Secretary-General on 1 January 2002. He is the first UN Secretary General to win the Nobel Prize for Peace.
8
rowspan="2"Ban Ki-moon
(born 1944)
1 January 2007 –
31 December 2016		South Korea}}Asia-PacificRetired after two full terms.[26]
Ban became the first East Asian to be selected as the Secretary-General and the second Asian overall after U Thant. He was unanimously elected to a second term by the General Assembly on 21 June 2011. His second term began on 1 January 2012.[27] Prior to his selection, he was the Foreign Minister of South Korea from January 2004 to November 2006.
9
rowspan="2"António Guterres
(born 1949)
1 January 2017 –
present		Portugal}}Western European & Others
Guterres is the first former head of government to become Secretary-General, and the first Secretary-General born after the establishment of the United Nations. He was Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002. He has also been President of Socialist International (1999–2005) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2005–2015).
{{location map+|Earth
|float=center
|width=600
|caption=Birthplaces of Secretaries-General of the United Nations
|places={{Location map~|Earth|position=left|lat=53.3917|long=-1.15|marksize=5|label=Jebb}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=left|lat=59.95|long=10.75|marksize=5|label=Lie}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=57.782778|long=14.160556|marksize=5|label=Hammarskjöld}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=16.983333|long=95.466667|marksize=5|label=Thant}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=48.327778|long=16.209444|marksize=5|label=Waldheim}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=-12.043333|long=-77.028333|marksize=5|label=Pérez de Cuéllar}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=30.05|long=31.233333|marksize=5|label=Boutros-Ghali}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=6.666667|long=-1.616667|marksize=5|label=Annan}}{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=37|long=127.583|marksize=5|label=Ban}}{{Location map~|Earth|Lisbon|position=right|lat=38.713889|long=-9.139444|marksize=5|label=Guterres}}
}}

Statistics

#Secretary-GeneralDate of birthAge at ascension
(first term)		Time in office
(total)		Age at retirement
(last term)		Date of deathLongevity
actingJebb, Gladwyn{{flagdeco>United Kingdom}} Gladwyn Jebb 1900042525 April 1900(5 April 1900) 45 18245 years, 182 days 00 101101 days 45 28345 years, 283 days 1996102424 October 1996{{Age in days nts>1900|4|25|1996|10|24}}{{age in years and days|1900|4|25|1996|10|24}}
1Lie, Trygve{{flagdeco>Norway}} Trygve Lie 1896071616 July 1896(16 July 1896) 49 20149 years, 201 days 06 2826 years, 282 days 56 11756 years, 117 days 1968123030 December 1968{{Age in days nts>1896|7|16|1968|12|30}}{{age in years and days|1896|7|16|1968|12|30}}
2Hammarskjöld, Dag{{flagdeco>Sweden}} Dag Hammarskjöld 1905072929 July 1905(29 July 1905) 47 25547 years, 255 days 08 1618 years, 161 days 56 05156 years, 51 days 1961091818 September 1961{{Age in days nts>1905|7|29|1961|9|18}}{{age in years and days|1905|7|29|1961|9|18}}
3Thant, U{{flagdeco>Burma|1948}} U Thant 1909012222 January 1909(22 January 1909) 52 31252 years, 312 days 10 03110 years, 31 days 62 34362 years, 343 days 1974112525 November 1974{{Age in days nts>1909|1|22|1974|11|25}}{{age in years and days|1909|1|22|1974|11|25}}
4Waldheim, Kurt{{flagdeco>Austria}} Kurt Waldheim 1918122121 December 1918(21 December 1918) 53 01153 years, 11 days 09 3649 years, 364 days 63 01063 years, 10 days 2007061414 June 2007{{Age in days nts>1918|12|21|2007|6|14}}{{age in years and days|1918|12|21|2007|6|14}}
5Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier{{flagdeco>Peru}} Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 1920011919 January 1920(19 January 1920) 61 34761 years, 347 days 09 3649 years, 364 days 71 34671 years, 346 days Living{{Age in days nts>1920|1|19}}{{ayd|1920|1|19}} (Living)
6Boutros-Ghali, Boutros{{flagdeco>Egypt}} Boutros Boutros-Ghali 1922111414 November 1922(14 November 1922) 69 04869 years, 48 days 04 3644 years, 365 days 74 04774 years, 47 days 2016021616 February 2016{{Age in days nts>1922|11|14|2016|2|16}}{{age in years and days|1922|11|14|2016|2|16}}
7Annan, Kofi{{flagdeco>Ghana}} Kofi Annan 193804088 April 1938(8 April 1938) 58 26858 years, 268 days 09 3649 years, 364 days 68 26768 years, 267 days 68 26718 August 2018{{Age in days nts>1938|4|8|2018|8|18}}{{age in years and days|1938|4|8|2018|8|18}}
8Ban, Ki-moon{{flagdeco>South Korea}} Ban Ki-moon 1944061313 June 1944(13 June 1944) 62 20262 years, 202 days 09 3649 years, 365 days 72 20172 years, 201 days Living{{Age in days nts>1944|6|13}}{{ayd|1944|6|13}} (Living)
9Guterres, António{{flagdeco>Portugal}} António Guterres 1949043030 April 1949(30 April 1949){{ntsh|{{#expr:68*365.25+246}}}}67 years, 246 days{{ntsh|{{age in days|1 January 2017|format=raw}}}}{{ayd|1 January 2017}} (Ongoing) Incumbent Living{{Age in days nts>1949|4|30}}{{ayd|1949|4|30}} (Living)

By regional group

UN Regional Group Secretaries-General Terms
WEOG 47
Eastern European Group 00
GRULAC 12
Asia-Pacific Group 24
African Group 23

Lifespan timeline

{{cleanup section|date=October 2018|reason=template error}}

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  bar:1 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:25/04/1900 till:23/10/1945 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Gladwyn Jebb    color:EUROPE    from:24/10/1945 till:01/02/1946    color:LIFESPAN    from:02/02/1946 till:24/10/1996
  bar:2 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:left fontsize:M    from:16/07/1896 till:01/02/1946 shift:(-50,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Trygve Lie    color:EUROPE    from:02/02/1946 till:10/11/1952    color:LIFESPAN    from:11/11/1952 till:30/12/1968
  bar:3 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:29/07/1905 till:09/04/1953 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Dag Hammarskjöld    color:EUROPE    from:10/04/1953 till:18/09/1961
  bar:4 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:22/01/1909 till:29/11/1961 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:U Thant    color:ASIA    from:30/11/1961 till:31/12/1971    color:LIFESPAN    from:01/01/1972 till:25/11/1974
  bar:5 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:21/12/1918 till:31/12/1971 shift:(20,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Kurt Waldheim    color:EUROPE    from:01/01/1972 till:31/12/1981     color:LIFESPAN    from:01/01/1982 till:14/06/2007
  bar:6 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:19/01/1920 till:31/12/1981 shift:(20,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar    color:AMERICAS    from:01/01/1982 till:31/12/1991    color:LIFESPAN    from:01/01/1992 till:$now
  bar:7 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:14/11/1922 till:31/12/1991 shift:(20,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Boutros Boutros-Ghali    color:AFRICA    from:01/01/1992 till:31/12/1996    color:LIFESPAN    from:01/01/1997 till:16/02/2016
  bar:8 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:08/04/1938 till:31/12/1996 shift:(20,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Kofi Annan    color:AFRICA    from:01/01/1997 till:31/12/2006    color:LIFESPAN    from:01/01/2007 till:18/08/2018
  bar:9 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:13/06/1944 till:31/12/2016 shift:(20,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ban Ki-Moon    color:ASIA    from:01/01/2007 till:31/12/2016    color:LIFESPAN    from:01/01/2017 till:$now
  bar:10 width:18    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M    from:30/04/1949 till:31/12/2016 shift:(20,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:António Guterres    color:EUROPE    from:01/01/2017 till:$now

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Living former Secretaries-General

As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, the only former Secretaries-General that are alive are Javier Pérez de Cuéllar and Ban Ki-moon. The most recent death of a former Secretary-General was that of Kofi Annan (1997–2006) on 18 August 2018.[28]

See also

  • Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Mundialization
  • World government

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ask.un.org/faq/14625|title=Who is and has been Secretary-General of the United Nations? - Ask DAG!|website=ask.un.org|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Skjelsbæk|first=Kjell|title=The UN Secretary-General and the Mediation of International Dispute|journal=Journal of Peace Research|date=1 February 1991|volume=28|issue=1|pages=99–115|url=http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/28/1/99.abstracts}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1960khrushchev-un1.html |title=Nikita Khrushchev: Address to the UN General Assembly, Sept. 23 1960 |publisher=Fordham University}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/29/newsid_3087000/3087171.stm |title=1960: Khrushchev anger erupts at UN |work=BBC On This Day |publisher=BBC |date=29 September 1960}}
5. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.pbs.org/wnet/un/life/job.html |title= Kofi Annan: Job at a Glance |author= |website= PBS |publisher= Educational Broadcasting Corporation |year=2002 |dead-url=no |archive-date=20 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420181539/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/un/life/job.html }}
6. ^{{cite book |title=Appointing the UN Secretary-General |url= http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/special-research-report/appointing-the-un-secretary-general.php |series=Research Report |volume=2015, no. 2 |date=16 October 2015 |location=New York |publisher=Security Council Report, Inc. |pages=4–5 |format=PDF }}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Sengupta|first1=Somini|title=Secrecy Reigns as U.N. Seeks a New Secretary General|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/22/world/americas/united-nations-secretary-general.html|work=The New York Times|date=21 July 2016}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=A Well-Read Secretary General|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/13/opinion/a-well-read-secretary-general.html|work=The New York Times|date=13 December 1981|quote=With a figurative puff of white smoke, the United Nations Security Council finally selected a new Secretary General – a seasoned and soft-spoken diplomat from Peru, Javier Perez de Cuellar.}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Letter from Mogens Lykketoft to All Permanent Representatives and Permanent Observers to the United Nations, 21 July 2016|url=https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/20-July_Security-Council-Straw-Polls-on-SG-candidates.pdf|date=21 July 2016}}
10. ^Teltsch, Kathleen. [https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/15/archives/town-house-offered-to-u-n.html "Town House Offered to UN"], The New York Times, 15 July 1972. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
11. ^{{cite news |last=Stout |first=David |title=Lord Gladwyn Is Dead at 96; Briton Helped Found the UN |work=The New York Times |date=26 October 1996 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E2D61E30F935A15753C1A960958260 |accessdate=31 October 2008}}
12. ^The United Nations: [https://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg1bio.html Trygve Haldvan Lie (Norway)]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.unausa.org/atf/cf/%7B49C555AC-20C8-4B43-8483-A2D4C1808E4E%7D/SG%20Reform%20Fact%20Sheet-fina-logol.pdf |title=An Historical Overview on the Selection of United Nations Secretaries-General |publisher=UNA-USA |accessdate=30 September 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025014319/http://www.unausa.org/atf/cf/%7b49C555AC-20C8-4B43-8483-A2D4C1808E4E%7d/SG+Reform+Fact+Sheet-fina-logol.pdf |archivedate=25 October 2007}}
14. ^The United Nations: [https://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg2bio.html Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden)]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
15. ^Linnér, S. (2007). Dag Hammarskjöld and the Congo crisis, 1960–61 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405034628/http://www.dhf.uu.se/pdffiler/Dh_lecture_2007.pdf |date=5 April 2012 }}. Page 28. Uppsala University. (22 July 2008).
16. ^United Nations: [https://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg3bio.html U Thant (Myanmar)]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
17. ^The United Nations: [https://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg4bio.html Kurt Waldheim (Austria)]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/29/world/china-continues-to-bar-waldheim-renomination.html|title=China Continues to Bar Waldheim Renomination|last=Nossiter|first=Bernard D.|date=1981-10-29|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-14|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/waldheim-elected-u-n-secretary-general|title=Waldheim elected U.N. secretary-general|last=Editors|first=History com|website=HISTORY|language=en|access-date=2019-02-14}}
20. ^The United Nations: [https://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg5bio.html Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru)]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
21. ^The United Nations: [https://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg6bio.html Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt)]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
22. ^The United Nations: [https://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/pages/sg_biography.html The Biography of Kofi A. Annan]. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
23. ^{{cite press release |title=Kofi Annan of Ghana recommended by Security Council for appointment as Secretary-General of United Nations |publisher=United Nations |date=13 December 1996 |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1996/19961213.bio3051.html |accessdate=12 December 2006}}
24. ^{{cite book |last=Traub |first=James |authorlink=James Traub |title=The Best Intentions |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |year=2006 |location=New York |pages=66–67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chP1YnYFTKYC |isbn=978-0-374-18220-5}}
25. ^{{cite press release |title=General Assembly appoints Kofi Annan of Ghana as seventh Secretary-General |publisher=United Nations |date=17 December 1996 |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1996/19961217.ga9208.html |accessdate=12 December 2006}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusRel.asp?infocusID=122&Body=Ban+Ki-moon |title=Ban Ki-moon is sworn in as next Secretary-General of the United Nations |publisher=United Nations}}
27. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/ban-ki-moon-gets-second-term-as-un-chief/article2070407/ |title=Ban Ki-moon gets second term as UN chief |work=The Globe and Mail |date=22 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624223557/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/ban-ki-moon-gets-second-term-as-un-chief/article2070407/ |archivedate=24 June 2011 }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/18/former-un-secretary-general-kofi-annan-dies/|title=Former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan dies |work=The Telegraph|accessdate=18 August 2018}}

External links

  • [https://www.un.org/sg UN Secretary-General webpage]
  • [https://www.un.org/sg/appointment.shtml How is the Secretary-General appointed?]
  • Global Policy Forum – UN Secretary-General
  • Report on the process of appointing a new Secretary-General{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070503042205/http://unsg.org/ Who Will be the Next Secretary-General?] (website on the 2006 campaigns)
  • UNSGselection.org – a campaign for a more democratic selection process
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