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词条 Latter Day Saint martyrs
释义

  1. List of Latter Day Saint martyrs

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

Latter Day Saint martyrs are persons who belonged to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) or another church within the Latter Day Saint movement who were killed or otherwise persecuted to the point of premature death on account of their religious beliefs or while performing their religious duties.

Although the term "martyr" is not frequently used in Latter-day Saint terminology, Latter-day Saints recognize a number of prophets, apostles, and other religious persons as recorded in the Bible, including both the Old Testament and New Testament, and Book of Mormon as martyrs within the same religious tradition (albeit at an earlier time) to which they subscribe.[1] For Latter-day Saints, the most notable martyr is Jesus Christ. Other scriptural examples include Abel ("the first martyr"),[2] John the Baptist, James, the brother of John, Stephen whose stoning is recorded in the Book of Acts, Abinadi,[3] women and children of Ammonihah,[4] etc.[5] Latter-day Saints also acknowledge as "Early-day Saint" martyrs those early Christians who were killed for their faith prior to or as a result of the Great Apostasy.

The most notable post-Biblical Latter Day Saint martyrs are Joseph Smith, Jr. and his brother, Hyrum Smith.[6]

Individuals who die "in the Lord's service" are believed to be rewarded with eternal life: "And whoso layeth down his life in my cause, for my name's sake, shall find it again, even life eternal."[7] Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, declared: "I beheld that the faithful elders of this dispensation, when they depart from mortal life, continue their labors in the preaching of the gospel ... in the great world of the spirits."[8]

In 1989, following the death of two missionaries in Bolivia, LDS Church apostle L. Tom Perry noted that from 1831 until 1989, "only seventeen LDS missionaries [were] killed by assassins." Also at that time, apostle M. Russell Ballard "indicated that of the 447,969 missionaries who have served since the days of Joseph Smith, only 525—about one-tenth of 1 percent—have lost their lives through accident, illness, or other causes while serving. 'When you contemplate that number,' he said, 'it appears that the safest place to be in the whole world is on a full-time mission.'"[9]

Missionaries who died from illness or accident are not listed. However, depending on the circumstances of their death, they could be deemed "martyrs" for having died while in religious service.[10][11][12][13][14]

Many Mormon pioneers and other early church members who suffered privation and early death on account of their religious beliefs would likely qualify as "martyrs." However, they are too numerous to list here. This list also does not include early Mormon settlers who were killed in encounters with Native Americans during the Mormon settlement of the American West.

List of Latter Day Saint martyrs

Death date Location Name Church Cause of death Age at death
January 7, 1832Pomfret, VermontJoseph B. Brackenbury (missionary)Church of ChristPoisoning43
November 5, 1833Battle near the Blue, Jackson, MissouriAndrew BarberChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsShot in battle [November 4th] by Robert Patten - died the next day[15]17
October 25, 1838Battle of Crooked River, MissouriGideon CarterChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsKilled in battle
October 25, 1838Battle of Crooked River, MissouriPatrick O'BanionChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsKilled in battle by John Lockhart
October 25, 1838Battle of Crooked River, MissouriDavid W. Patten (apostle)[16]Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsKilled in battle39
December 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriHiram AbbottChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; died in December 1838 from wounds[17][18][19][20][21]25
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriElias Benner Sr.Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[22][23][24][25]43
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriJohn ByersChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[26][27][28]
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriAlexander CampbellChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[29][30][31][32]
October 31, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriSimon CoxChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; mortally wounded and lived until the next morning[33][34][35][36][37]
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriJosiah FullerChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[38][39][40][41][42]35
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriAustin Hammer Sr.Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[43][44][45][46][47]34
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriJohn LeeChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[48][49][50]
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriBenjamin Franklin LewisChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; shot by Mr. Rockholt, lived a few hours[51][52][53][54][55]35
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriThomas White McBride (justice of the peace)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; shot in chest by Jacob Rogers with his own gun; head and body hacked with a corn knife[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]62[64]
November 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriCharles Merrick (from Kirtland Camp)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; died 25 November 1838 from wounds[65][66][67][68][69]9
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriLevi Newton Merrick (from Kirtland Camp)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[70][71][72][73][74]30
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriWilliam Napier Sr.Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[75][76][77][78]43
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriGeorge Spencer Richards (from Kirtland Camp)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[79][80][81][82][83]15
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriSardius Washington Smith (from Kirtland Camp)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; top of skull blown off from musket shot by William Reynolds[84][85][86][87][88][89]10
October 30, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriWarren Smith (from Kirtland Camp)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre[90][91][92][93][94][95]44
October 31, 1838Haun's Mill, MissouriJohn York Jr.Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMassacre; mortally wounded and died the next day[96][97][98][99][100]62
May 27, 1840Nauvoo, IllinoisEdward Partridge (bishop)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsPersecution[101]46
August 20, 1840Nauvoo, IllinoisMarietta Carter HolmesChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMob attack in her home[102][103]20
June 27, 1844Carthage Jail, IllinoisJoseph Smith, Jr.Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMob assassination38
June 27, 1844Carthage Jail, IllinoisHyrum SmithChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsMob assassination44
July 30, 1844Nauvoo, IllinoisSamuel Harrison Smith (one of Eight Witnesses)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsAttributed to internal injuries sustained while fleeing a mob on horseback on the day his brothers were murdered[104][105]36
November 15, 1845 Hancock County, Illinois Edmund Durfee The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints shot in the back by arsonists57
July 9, 1856St. James Township, Beaver Island, MichiganJames Strang (president of the church) Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)Shot on June 16, 1856 by Thomas Bedford, a member who Strang had had flogged for adultery; Strang died in Voree, Wisconsin43
May 13, 1857near Van Buren, ArkansasParley P. Pratt (apostle)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsShot and stabbed by Hector McLean, the ex-husband of one of Pratt's plural wives50
July 21, 1879Varnell, GeorgiaJoseph Standing (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMob murder24
August 10, 1884Cane Creek, TennesseeWilliam S. Berry (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMob assassination46
August 10, 1884Cane Creek, TennesseeJohn H. Gibbs (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMob assassination32
August 10, 1884Cane Creek, TennesseeW. Martin ConderThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMob assassination20
August 10, 1884Cane Creek, TennesseeJohn Riley HutsonThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMob assassination27
May 1898Sanderson, FloridaGeorge P. CanovaThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsShot and killed
May 4, 1912Diaz, Galeana, Chihuahua, MexicoJames D. HarveyThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsShot and killed49
August 27, 1912Colonia Pacheco, MexicoJoshua StevensThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsKilled by Mexican rebels
1915San Marcos, Hidalgo, MexicoRafael Monroy (branch president)[106]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsExecution by Liberation Army of the South
1915San Marcos, Hidalgo, MexicoVicente Morales[106]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsExecution by Liberation Army of the South
October 27, 1942Plötzensee Prison, GermanyHelmuth HübenerThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsExecuted for anti-Nazi activities17[107]
August 20, 1972Ensenada, Baja California, MexicoJoel LeBaron (president of the church)Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of TimesShot and killed by Daniel Jordan on the orders of Ervil LeBaron, Joel's brother and a rival fundamentalist Mormon leader49
October 1974Austin, TexasGary Darley (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMurder by an unidentified individual (Robert Elmer Kleason was convicted for the crime but his conviction was later overturned); presumably dismembered with chainsaw[108]20
October 1974Austin, TexasMark Fischer (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsMurder by an unidentified individual (Robert Elmer Kleason was convicted for the crime but his conviction was later overturned); presumably dismembered with chainsaw[108]19
May 10, 1977Murray, UtahRulon C. Allred (head of church)Apostolic United BrethrenShot and killed by Rena Chynoweth and another woman on orders of Ervil LeBaron, a rival fundamentalist Mormon71
December 15, 1979North Charleston, South CarolinaElizabeth King (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsFound beaten and shot to death in a car in a parking lot66
December 15, 1979North Charleston, South CarolinaRuth Teuscher (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsFound beaten and shot to death in a car in a parking lot65
February 1987Lisbon, PortugalRoger Hunt (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsShot and killed by a security guard who thought he had stolen a car19
May 24, 1989La Paz, BoliviaTodd Ray Wilson (missionary)[9][109]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsAssassination in terrorist attack by Zarate Willka Armed Forces of Liberation20
May 24, 1989La Paz, BoliviaJeffrey Brent Ball (missionary)[9][109]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsAssassination in terrorist attack by Zarate Willka Armed Forces of Liberation20
May 27, 1990Dublin, IrelandGale Stanley Critchfield (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsStabbed to death20
August 22, 1990Huancayo, PeruManuel Antonio Hidalgo (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsAssassination in terrorist attack by Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement22
August 22, 1990Huancayo, PeruCristian Andreani Ugarte (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsAssassination in terrorist attack by Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement21
March 6, 1991Tarma, PeruOscar Zapata (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsShot and killed after getting off a bus20
October 17, 1998Ufa, RussiaJosé Manuel Mackintosh (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsStabbed outside the lobby of a building where he and his companion had been visiting Church members21
April 24, 1999Abidjan, Ivory CoastJonathan Philip Barrett (missionary)The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsStabbed while walking to a teaching appointment.19
January 2, 2006Chesapeake, VirginiaMorgan W. Young (missionary)[110]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsFatal shooting23
August 29, 2010Visalia, CaliforniaClay R. Sannar (bishop)[111]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsKilled by an ex-member of the church while performing his duties as bishop.40

See also

{{Portal|LDS Church}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Anti-Mormonism
  • Death of Joseph Smith
  • Haun's Mill massacre
  • Missouri Executive Order 44
  • Mormon War (1838)
  • Mormonism and violence
  • Persecution
  • Religious discrimination
  • Religious persecution
{{div col end}}

Notes

1. ^{{Citation |last= Patch |first= Robert C. |contribution= Martyrs |contribution-url= http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/EoM/id/3905 |pages= 862–863 |editor-last= Ludlow |editor-first= Daniel H |editor-link= Daniel H. Ludlow |year= 1992 |title= Encyclopedia of Mormonism |location= New York |publisher= Macmillan Publishing |isbn= 0-02-879602-0 |oclc= 24502140 }}
2. ^{{lds|Doctrine and Covenants|dc|138|40}}
3. ^{{lds|Mosiah|mosiah|12|1|17}}
4. ^{{lds|Alma|alma|14|1|11}}
5. ^{{citation |work= Standard Works |title= Topical Guide |contribution= Martyrdom |url= http://lds.org/scriptures/tg/martyrdom?lang=eng&letter=m |publisher= LDS Church }}
6. ^{{lds|Doctrine and Covenants|dc|135|1}}
7. ^{{lds|Doctrine and Covenants|dc|98|13}}
8. ^{{lds|Doctrine and Covenants|dc|138|57}}
9. ^1 2 {{citation |title= News of the Church: Church Honors Missionaries Who Died in South America |journal= Ensign |date=August 1989 |url= http://www.lds.org/ensign/1989/08/news-of-the-church/church-honors-missionaries-who-died-in-south-america }}
10. ^{{citation |last= Booth |first= J. Wilford |title= Four Heroes Far Away |journal= Improvement Era |volume= 12 |issue= 11 |date=September 1909 |pages= 897–907 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=odIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA898&lpg=PA898#v=onepage&q&f=false }}. Concerning Adolf Haag, John Alexander Clark, Edgar D. Simmons, and Emil J. Huber.
11. ^{{citation |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700005957/2-Mormon-missionaries-die-in-natural-gas-leak-in-Romania.html |title= 2 Mormon missionaries die in natural gas leak in Romania |newspaper= Deseret News |date= 31 January 2010 }}
12. ^{{citation |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700101542/Mormon-missionary-shot-killed-in-Jamaica.html |title= Mormon missionary shot, killed in Jamaica |newspaper= Deseret News |date= 17 January 2011 }}
13. ^{{citation |url= http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/56814132-78/encarnacion-missionaries-missionary-colombia.html.csp |title= LDS Missionary from Dominican Republic killed in Colombia |newspaper= Deseret News |date= 1 September 2013 }}
14. ^{{cite web |url= http://mormonmission.blogspot.com/2010/10/partial-list-of-lds-missionary.html |title= Partial List of LDS Missionary Deaths |date= 4 October 2010 |author= "Dr. B" |work= Prepare Ye The Way of The Lord (mormonmission.blogspot.com) }}
15. ^Daniel Stanton statement, circa 1842 https://eadview.lds.org/findingaid/002028768/
16. ^{{citation |last= Wilson |first= Lycurgus A. |title= Life of David W. Patten, the First Apostolic Martyr |location= Salt Lake City |year= 1904 |publisher= Deseret News |oclc= 15512846 }}
17. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
18. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,320,412,486,488,491,723
19. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
20. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
21. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
22. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,136,268,418,488,491,723
23. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
24. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
25. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
26. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp268,488,491
27. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
28. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
29. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,488,491,723
30. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
31. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
32. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
33. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
34. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp30-31,268,320,488,723
35. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
36. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
37. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
38. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
39. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,320,451,488,491,723
40. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
41. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
42. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
43. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
44. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp268,320,488,491,723
45. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
46. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
47. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
48. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
49. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp268,320,488,491
50. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149
51. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
52. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,275-276,320,488,491,722-723
53. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
54. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
55. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
56. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
57. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,90,117,260,267,275,282,320,409,417,467,474,487-88,491,539,542,722-23
58. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
59. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
60. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
61. ^http://churchhistorycatalog.lds.org/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=chl&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=CHL_PUBLIC&frbg=&tb=t&vl%28freeText0%29=James+McBride&scp.scps=scope%3A%28ALEPH-PCAX%29%2Cscope%3A%28PEAD%29%2Cscope%3A%28PLIBRARY%29%2Cscope%3A%28PARCHIVES%29&vl%2826212266UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=contains
62. ^Nathan Kinsman Knight autobiographical sketchhttps://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2444797
63. ^https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE1959378
64. ^James McBride autobiography https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE1959378
65. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
66. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,260,268,275,320,457,488,491,505,537,539,722-23
67. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
68. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
69. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
70. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
71. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,320,441,488,491,505,722-23
72. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
73. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
74. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
75. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,296,320,488,491,506,723
76. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
77. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
78. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149 http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
79. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
80. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,268,488,491,723
81. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
82. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
83. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
84. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
85. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,90,117,260,268,275,320,408,452,487-88,491,537-38,723
86. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
87. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
88. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
89. ^Nathan Kinsman Knight autobiographical sketchhttps://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2444797
90. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
91. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,90,117,268,320,408,487-88,491,537-39,723
92. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
93. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
94. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
95. ^Nathan Kinsman Knight autobiographical sketchhttps://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2444797
96. ^David Lewis autobiography, 1854Call Number MS 13716https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2445325
97. ^Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782/pp31,267,320,488,491,558,723
98. ^1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, p. 149http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
99. ^Joyce, Burr, The Haun’s Mill Massacre, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 September 1887
100. ^Joseph Young affidavit of Haun's Mill massacrehttp://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15999coll24/id/26184\\
101. ^{{citation |last= Smith |first= Joseph, Jr. |authorlink= Joseph Smith, Jr. |contribution= May 1840 (reprint) |contribution-url= http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/MStar,17185 |title= History of Joseph Smith |journal= Millennial Star |date= December 15, 1855 |volume= 17 |issue= 50 |page= 789 |location= Salt Lake City, Utah |publisher= The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |quote= Bishop Edward Partridge died at Nauvoo, age 46 years. He lost his life in consequence of the Missouri persecutions, and he is one of that number whose blood will be required at their hands. }}
102. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.millennialstar.org/six-funerals-and-a-blessing/|title=Six Funerals and a Blessing|last=Stout|first=Meg|date=2014-02-17|website=The Millennial Star|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-18}}
103. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/auth/familysearch/login?returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Ftree%2Fperson%2Fmemories%2FKWVH-YY6&display=tree|title=FamilySearch|website=www.familysearch.org|access-date=2019-03-18}}
104. ^LaRene Porter Gaunt and Robert A. Smith, "Samuel H. Smith: Faithful Brother of Joseph and Hyrum," Ensign, August 2008, pp. 44–51.
105. ^The sole remaining Smith brother, William, later charged that Brigham Young had arranged for Samuel to be poisoned to prevent his accession to the presidency of the church. Jon Krakauer (2003). Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith (New York: Doubleday) p. 194; D. Michael Quinn (1994). The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) pp. 152–153; William Smith, "Mormonism: A Letter from William Smith, Brother of Joseph the Prophet", New York Tribune, 1857-05-19. William Smith's accusations did not lead to police investigations into the death of Samuel Smith.
106. ^1 {{citation |last= Grover |first= Mark L. |title= Execution in Mexico: The Deaths of Rafael Monroy and Vicente Morales |journal= BYU Studies |volume= 35 |issue= 3 |year= 1996 |url= http://byustudies.byu.edu/PDFLibrary/EntireJournals/1995_v35_n03%20d5ac4e12-2bed-42f6-9768-02e081a1d7de.pdf }}
107. ^Hübener was the youngest person sentenced to death by Volksgerichtshof.
108. ^1 {{citation |last= Driggs |first= Ken. |title= Evil Among Us: The Texas Mormon Missionary Murders |year= 2000 |publisher= Signature Books |isbn= 978-1-56085-138-7 }}
109. ^1 {{citation |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/18682/Bolivia-tragedy-plays-role-in-conversions.html |title= Bolivia tragedy plays role in conversions |date= 9 September 1989 |newspaper= Church News }}
110. ^{{citation |url= http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,180413,00.html |title= Mormon Missionary Shot Dead in Virginia |date= 3 January 2006 |newspaper= FoxNews.com (AP) }}
111. ^{{citation |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700061255/Mormon-bishop-fatally-shot-in-California-chapel-gunman-killed.html |title= Mormon bishop fatally shot in California chapel; gunman killed |date= 3 January 2006 |newspaper= Deseretnews.com }}
  • [https://byustudies.byu.edu/content/volume-1-chapter-31 History of the Church, Volume 1]
  • [https://rsc.byu.edu/out-print/mormon-redress-petitions-documents-1833-1838-missouri-conflict Mormon Redress Petitions]
  • Sacred places : a comprehensive guide to early LDS historical sites, Volume four, Missouri, LaMar C. Berrett, general editor ; Max H. Parkin, pp. 105–6.

References

  • {{citation |url= http://www.lds.org/ensign/1989/11/duties-rewards-and-risks |last= Ballard |first= M. Russell |authorlink= M. Russell Ballard |title= Duties, Rewards, and Risks |journal= Ensign |date=November 1989 }}
  • {{citation |url= http://amarillo.com/stories/042599/usn_LG3337.001.shtml#.WgZv7ltSzIU |last= Associated Press |authorlink= Associated Press|title= Mormon missionary stabbed to death in Ivory Coast |newspaper= Associated Press |date= April 1999 }}

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