| 词条 | Lavatrae |
| 释义 |
|name = Lavatrae |partof = |location = Bowes, County Durham, England |image = |alt = |caption = |type = Castra |coordinates = {{coord|54.5168|-2.0136|type:landmark|display=inline}} |ownership = |open_to_public = |site_other_label = |site_other = |area = |code = |built = |used = |builder = |materials = |height = |fate = |condition = Earthworks only survive |battles = |events = |website = }} Lavatrae , also known as Lavatris, was a Roman fort in the modern-day village of Bowes, County Durham, England. Roman periodThe Romans built a fort with wooden ramparts at Lavatrae in the early AD 70s, after an invasion of the region by Governor Petilius Cerealis.[1] It was intended as a waypoint on the northern leg of the Roman equivalent of Watling Street in the section connecting Luguvalium (Carlisle) to Eboracum (York) and points south. It guarded the eastern entrance to the Stainmore Pass through the Pennines, overlooking the River Greta.[1] The name "Lavatrae" meant "summit".[1] Stone walls were built around the site in the 130s, and an external settlement called a vicus was constructed to the north of the fort, with a bathhouse to the south-east.[1] The bathhouse was {{convert|30|by|20|ft}}, tiled and appears to have been destroyed in a fire, and then rebuilt.[2] The fort and the vicus were occupied until at least the late 4th century.[3] Post-Roman periodThe bathhouse was excavated in the 19th century.[2] Minor archaeological investigations were undertaken in 1923, while the Office of Works was carrying out repairs on the medieval castle, with more deliberate investigations of the Roman fort being carried out in 1954, 1966–67, 1970, 1988, 1990 and 2009.[2][4] Cambridge Museum of Archaeology has a stone altar from the bathhouse, erected by the 1st Cohort of the Thracians.[2][5] Only earthworks and the parts of the stone walls of the bathhouse survive in the 21st century.[2] References1. ^{{harvnb|Birley |1958|p=48}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/events.aspx?a=0&hob_id=17561&pnt=y|title=Bowes Roman Fort, Investigation History|publisher=Historic England|mode=cs2|access-date=2 January 2016}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.swaag.org/DB_VIEW_Specific%20Record%20Number2.php?swaagrec=532|title= Roman Forts at Greta Bridge, Bowes and Brough and the Marching Camp at Stainmore Summit|publisher=Swaledale and Arkengarthdale Archaeology Group|mode=cs2|access-date=2 January 2016}} 4. ^{{harvnb|Birley |1958|pp=31–32}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/730|title=RIB 730. Altar dedicated to Fortune|website=Romaninscriptionsofbritain.org|accessdate=29 March 2019}} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
| last1 = Birley | first1 = Eric | year = 1958 | title = The Roman fort at Brough-under-Stainmore | journal= Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society | pages= 31–56 | ref = harv{{refend}}{{Ancient Rome topics}} 2 : Roman sites in County Durham|Roman legionary fortresses in England |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。