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词条 Athens, Alabama
释义

  1. History

  2. Geography

     Climate 

  3. Demographics

     2000 Census data  2010 census 

  4. Health care

  5. Transportation

  6. Education

  7. Media

  8. Notable people

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Athens, Alabama
|official_name = City of Athens
|settlement_type = City
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = Limestone_County_Courthouse,_Athens,_Alabama_01.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Limestone County Courthouse in Athens
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = File:Limestone County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Athens Highlighted 0102956.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Athens in Limestone County, Alabama.
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Alabama
|pushpin_map = Alabama#USA#North America
|pushpin_label = Athens
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_name1 = Alabama
|subdivision_name2 = Limestone
|government_type = Mayor Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = William "Ronnie" Marks[1]
|leader_party =
|leader_title1 = City Council
|leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Members' List[2]
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = • Chris Seibert
|2 = • Harold Wales
|3 = • Frank Travis
|4 = • Joseph Cannon
|5 = • Wayne Harper
}}
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = November 19, 1818[3]
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_total_sq_mi = 40.12
|area_total_km2 = 103.90
|area_land_sq_mi = 39.86
|area_land_km2 = 103.24
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.26
|area_water_km2 = 0.67
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_footnotes = [3]
|population_total = 21897
|population_metro =
|population_urban =
|population_density_km2 = 248.13
|population_density_sq_mi = 642.65
|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates = {{coord|34|47|23|N|86|58|10|W|region:US-AL|display=inline}}
|coordinates_footnotes = [4]
|elevation_m = 243.1
|elevation_ft = 798
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 35611-35614-35613
|area_codes = 256, 938
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = 01-02956
|blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info = 0113266
|website = {{Official URL}}
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of = 2017
|pop_est_footnotes = [6]
|population_est = 25616
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = [5]
}}

Athens is a city in Limestone County, in the State of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city is 21,897. The city is the county seat of Limestone County and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

History

Founded in 1818 by John Coffee, Robert Beaty, John D. Carroll, and John Read, Athens is one of the oldest incorporated cities in the State of Alabama, having been incorporated one year prior to the state's admittance to the Union in 1819. Limestone County was also created by an act of the Alabama Territorial Legislature in 1818.[6][7] The town was first called Athenson, but was incorporated as Athens after the ancient city in Greece. The town's first mayor was Samuel Tanner, and the Tanner area, south of Athens, was named on his behalf.[8]

The Athens area was the home of William Wyatt Bibb, the first Governor of Alabama, and its second Governor, his brother Thomas Bibb, who succeeded him in office when he died in a fall from his horse.[9]

In 1822, local residents purchased {{convert|5|acre|m2}} of land and constructed a building to house the Athens Female Academy. The school became affiliated with the Methodist church in 1842, and was eventually renamed Athens Female College. After becoming coeducational in 1932, the school changed its name again to Athens College. After being taken over by the State of Alabama in 1974, the college was converted to a “reverse junior college,” offering the last two years of instruction for graduates of area community colleges. It is today known as Athens State University.[10]

Many homes in the central part of modern Athens date to the antebellum period, and are part of historic preservation districts.[11]

On May 2, 1862, during the Civil War, Athens was seized by Union forces under the command of Col. John Basil Turchin.[12] After occupying the town on May 2, 1862 Turchin assembled his men and reportedly told them: "I shut my eyes for two hours. I see nothing." He did, in fact, leave the town to reconnoiter defensive positions, during which time his men ransacked the town. The incident was controversial, and Lost Cause supporters vilified Turchin.

Athens was the home of Governor George S. Houston, Alabama's first post-Reconstruction Democratic governor, who served from 1874 through 1878. Houston was noted for reducing the debts incurred to benefit private railroad speculators and others by his Reconstruction Republican predecessors.[13] During Reconstruction, Athens was the home of the Trinity School, a school founded for the children of former slaves by the American Missionary Association.[14]

Athens was traditionally a cotton and railroad town, but since the local aerospace boom of the 1950s and 1960s, it has increasingly entered the orbit of nearby industry center Huntsville as the area's cotton production has steadily declined.

In 1934, Athens became the first city to get its electricity from the Tennessee Valley Authority.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012|reason=I've seen a TVA year end report from the 1930s that contained a table in it of the communities that were given power service, the date they signed an agreement with TVA, and the amount of Watts sold. If memory serves me correctly, one of the Shoals communities was the first to get power from TVA.}}

Athens is the home of Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant, a Tennessee Valley Authority installation first operated in 1974, that was once the world's largest nuclear plant. It provides many jobs to the area and most of the electricity for the Huntsville-Decatur Metro Area. On March 22, 1975, the Browns Ferry plant became the scene of what was, with the exception of the Three Mile Island accident, the most serious nuclear accident in United States history. A worker using a candle to check for air leaks started a fire among control wires, causing a temporary threat to operational control of the reactor (see Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant article on Unit One Fire).[15]

Geography

Athens is midway between Nashville and Birmingham on Interstate 65. Athens shares a boundary with Huntsville.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|39.4|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|39.3|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.23%) is water.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Athens has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. [16]

{{Weather box
|location = Athens, Alabama (1981–2010, extremes 1991–present)
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high F = 76
|Feb record high F = 81
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 104
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 100
|Oct record high F = 92
|Nov record high F = 85
|Dec record high F = 78
|year record high F = 104
|Jan high F = 50.2
|Feb high F = 55.0
|Mar high F = 63.9
|Apr high F = 72.6
|May high F = 79.9
|Jun high F = 86.7
|Jul high F = 89.4
|Aug high F = 89.9
|Sep high F = 84.6
|Oct high F = 73.8
|Nov high F = 63.0
|Dec high F = 52.9
|year high F = 71.9
|Jan mean F = 40.2
|Feb mean F = 44.5
|Mar mean F = 52.0
|Apr mean F = 60.4
|May mean F = 68.8
|Jun mean F = 76.1
|Jul mean F = 79.5
|Aug mean F = 79.1
|Sep mean F = 73.0
|Oct mean F = 61.6
|Nov mean F = 51.7
|Dec mean F = 42.9
|year mean F = 60.9
|Jan low F = 30.2
|Feb low F = 34.0
|Mar low F = 40.2
|Apr low F = 48.2
|May low F = 57.7
|Jun low F = 65.6
|Jul low F = 69.5
|Aug low F = 68.4
|Sep low F = 61.3
|Oct low F = 49.4
|Nov low F = 40.4
|Dec low F = 32.9
|year low F = 49.9
|Jan record low F = 0
|Feb record low F = -1
|Mar record low F = 12
|Apr record low F = 23
|May record low F = 38
|Jun record low F = 47
|Jul record low F = 57
|Aug record low F = 50
|Sep record low F = 39
|Oct record low F = 28
|Nov record low F = 16
|Dec record low F = 9
|year record low F = -1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.59
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.80
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.09
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.75
|May precipitation inch = 5.16
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.69
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.33
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.39
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.09
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.81
|Nov precipitation inch = 5.06
|Dec precipitation inch = 6.13
|year precipitation inch = 56.89
|Jan snow inch = 0.6
|Feb snow inch = 0.1
|Mar snow inch = 0.4
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = Trace
|year snow inch = 1.1
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.9
|Feb precipitation days = 10.8
|Mar precipitation days = 11.4
|Apr precipitation days = 10.2
|May precipitation days = 11.5
|Jun precipitation days = 11.9
|Jul precipitation days = 11.8
|Aug precipitation days = 8.9
|Sep precipitation days = 8.3
|Oct precipitation days = 9.4
|Nov precipitation days = 10.5
|Dec precipitation days = 11.8
|year precipitation days = 127.4
|Jan snow days = 0.3
|Feb snow days = 0.2
|Mar snow days = 0.1
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.2
|year snow days = 0.8
|source 1 = NOAA[17][18]
}}

Demographics

2000 Census data

{{US Census population
|1850= 991
|1870= 887
|1880= 1011
|1890= 940
|1900= 1010
|1910= 1715
|1920= 3323
|1930= 4238
|1940= 4342
|1950= 6309
|1960= 9330
|1970= 14360
|1980= 14558
|1990= 16901
|2000= 18967
|2010= 21897
|estyear=2017
|estimate=25616
|estref=[19]
|footnote=Sources: 1850;[20] 1870 and 1880;[21]
1900, 1910, and 1920;[22] 1930, 1940, and 1950;[23]
1960, 1970, and 1980;[24] 1990;[4] 2000 and 2010[25]
[26]
}}

As of the census of 2000, there were 18,967 people, 7,742 households, and 5,140 families residing in the city. The population density was 482.3 people per square mile (186.2/km2). There were 8,449 housing units at an average density of 214.8 per square mile (82.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 77.72% White, 18.26% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.92% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. 4.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 7,742 households, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city of Athens was $33,980, and the median income for a family was $44,544. Males had a median income of $37,191 versus $22,748 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,315. About 13.7% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.2% of those under age 45 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 21,897 people, 9,038 households, and 5,881 families residing in the city. The population density was 557.2 people per square mile (214.9/km2). There were 9,862 housing units at an average density of 250.9 per square mile (96.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.0% White, 17.5% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.9% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. 8.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,038 households, of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out with 22.8% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city of Athens was $42,127, and the median income for a family was $54,013. Males had a median income of $43,672 versus $31,601 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,136. About 15.5% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.4% of those under age 45 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Health care

  • Athens-Limestone Hospital 101-bed facility

Transportation

  • Interstate 65
  • U.S. Highway 31
  • U.S. Highway 72
  • Norfolk Southern Railway
  • CSX Transportation railroad
  • Pryor Field Regional Airport (regional/municipal airport)

Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines.[27]

Education

{{Div col}}
  • Athens-Limestone Public Library
  • Athens City Schools
  • Athens Bible School
  • Lindsay Lane Christian Academy K3-12
  • Athens State University
{{Div col end}}

Media

  • The News Courier, daily newspaper
  • WVNN 770 AM
  • WKAC 1080 AM
  • WQXD-LP 97.9 FM
  • WZYP 104.3 FM
  • WTZT-CD TV channel 11

Notable people

{{div col}}
  • Woody Abernathy, former professional baseball outfielder
  • Sheila Andrews, country music singer
  • Keith Askins, NBA Assistant coach, former player Miami Heat
  • Don Black, KKK Grand Wizard, Neo Nazi, White Nationalist.
  • Michael Boley, NFL Outside linebacker New York Giants
  • Wally Bullington, head football coach for Abilene Christian University from 1968 to 1976
  • Tom Calvin, former NFL halfback
  • Dick Coffman, former Major League Baseball player
  • Slick Coffman, former Major League Baseball player
  • Billy Davis, former member of the Arizona State Senate
  • P. O. Davis, early radio pioneer, agricultural editor and Alabama Cooperative Extension Service educator and administrator
  • Anderson East, R&B singer that is featured on the Fifty Shades Darker soundtrack
  • Richard Hendrix, Professional Basketball Player
  • Jake Hess, Grammy Award-winning southern gospel singer
  • Brittany Howard, singer and guitarist with Alabama Shakes
  • C. Eric Lincoln, African-American scholar
  • Patti J. Malone, noted African-American mezzo-soprano singer
  • Bobby Marlow, former Canadian Football League running back
  • John Mason Martin, U.S. Representative from 1885 to 1887
  • Rolando McClain, linebacker for the Dallas Cowboys
  • Mitch McConnell, U. S. Senator from Kentucky, lived in Athens from 1942 to 1950 [28]
  • Alfred McCullough, American football player
  • Kevin Miller, radio talk show host
  • Roger Murrah, songwriter
  • Andy Nelson, former safety for the Baltimore Colts and New York Giants
  • Edmund Pettus, lawyer, soldier, and U.S. Senator from 1897 to 1907
  • Luke Pryor, served as a U.S. Senator in 1880, and as a U.S. Representative from 1883 to 1885
  • Wayne Redmond, former baseball player for the Detroit Tigers
  • Gary Redus, former Professional Baseball Player
  • Harry E. Richter, Coached State Champion Basketball at West Limestone High School, Tanner School Principal and Limestone County Sports Hall of Fame
  • William N. Richardson, U.S. Representative from 1900 to 1914
  • Philip Rivers, NFL quarterback, San Diego Chargers
  • Charles Henry Sykes, editorial cartoonist
  • Charles Coleman Thach, president of Auburn University from 1902 to 1920
  • Lee Vickers, professional football player for the Omaha Nighthawks
  • James C. Watkins, ceramic artist
  • Henry A. White, Alabama educator and state representative; served on the Athens City Council
  • Pryor Williams, former professional football player
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=The Mayor's Office|url=http://athensalabama.us/258/Mayors-Office|website=City of Athens|accessdate=7 July 2017}}
2. ^{{citation |title=City Council|url=http://athensalabama.us/226/City-Council|publisher=City of Athens|access-date=1 March 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Population Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2014-06-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522161634/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html |archivedate=2014-05-22 |df= }}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_01.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 7, 2018}}
6. ^1 A Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama: Containing The Statutes and Resolutions in Force at the end of the General Assembly in January, 1823. Published by Ginn & Curtis, J. & J. Harper, Printers, New-York, 1828. Title 62. Chapter XXV. Page 803. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JvtKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA803#v=onepage&f=false "An Act to Incorporate the Town of Athens, in Limestone County.—Passed November 19, 1818." (Google Books)]
7. ^Alabama State Archives: Limestone County
8. ^{{cite book|last=Foscue|first=Virginia|title=Place Names in Alabama|year=1989|publisher=University of Alabama Press|isbn=081730410X}}
9. ^Limestone County Historical Society: Belle Mina
10. ^Athens State University: History {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803120728/http://www.athens.edu/about/history.php |date=2008-08-03 }}
11. ^City of Athens: Map of Historic Districts. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114074104/http://athensalabama.us/images/pdffiles/engineering/maps/historic_dist_map.pdf |date=2014-11-14 }}
12. ^Limestone County Historical Society: Athens Sacked
13. ^{{cite web|title=George Smith Houston|url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/g_housto.html|work=Alabama Governors|publisher=Alabama Department of Archives and History|date=August 5, 2009}}
14. ^"Trinity Cistern." Limestone County Historical Society. Retrieved Nov-22-2009. Text of page: "Cistern: Last Remnant of Trinity School. Located in th[e] parking lot of the New [Clinton Street] Court House Annex. Picture of a historical marker inscribed as follows: 'This cistern is the last remnant of Trinity School located here 1865-1907. The cistern was used to store rainwater collected from the roof. No physical evidence remains of the Ross Hotel, the Chapman Quarters, and other buildings on this block, which played an important role in Athens history. Trinity, a school for the children of former slaves, was established here, on the old Richardson property, in 1865, primarily through the efforts of Miss Mary Frances Wells, the school's principal and chief proponent. Trinity Hall was built here 1881-82, as a joint effort by the American Missionary Association and local African Americans who hand made and laid the bricks for the building. It burned in 1907 and was rebuilt the following year on the old Civil War fort site west of town. ERECTED BY THE LIMESTONE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2005'"
15. ^[https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/bulletins/1975/bl75004a.html Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Bulletin No. 75-04A: Cable Fire at Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Station]
16. ^Climate Summary for Athens, Alabama
17. ^{{cite web| url = http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=hun| title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = March 18, 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00010390.normals.txt| title = Station Name: AL Athens| publisher =National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = March 18, 2016}}
19. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
20. ^The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850. Alabama. Table II. Population of Towns and Cities. U.S. Census Bureau. Original Pagination 422. PDF Pagination 10.
21. ^Table III. Populations of Civil Divisions Less Than Counties. Alabama. Volume 1. Statistics of the Population of the United States. Tenth Census. 1880 Census. U.S. Census Bureau. Original Pagination 96. PDF Page 9.
22. ^Table 51. Population of Incorporated Places 1920, 1910, and 1900 and Population of Wards of Incorporated Places Having 5,000 Inhabitants or More. Alabama. Vol 1: Population 1920. Number and distribution of inhabitants. 1920 Census. U.S. Census Bureau.
23. ^Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions 1930 to 1950. 1950 Census. Number of Inhabitants. Alabama. U.S. Census Bureau. Original Pagination 2-14. PDFPagination 14.
24. ^Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions 1960 to 1980. 1980 Census of Population. Alabama. Volume 1: Characteristics of the Population. Chapter A. Number of Inhabitants. Issued April 1982. U.S. Census Bureau. Original Pagination "Alabama 2-13." PDF Page 16.
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-05-14|title=American FactFinder|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/|archivedate=2013-09-11|df= }}
26. ^2013 Estimate{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013|accessdate=June 7, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522161634/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|archivedate=May 22, 2014|df= }}
27. ^Athens, AL Greyhound Station Intercity Bus Service
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=X0ogAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IqYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4678,2857069&dq=mitch+mcconnell+tuscumbia+alabama&hl=en |title="Fact of the Week", The Tuscaloosa News July 16, 2000 |publisher=News.google.com |date=July 16, 2000 |accessdate=November 19, 2013}}

External links

  • {{Official website}}
  • Athens-Limestone Public Library
  • Institute of Southern Jewish Life's History of Athens
  • Chamber of Commerce and tourism resource
  • Built in America Collection from Library of Congress American Memory Collection contains historic drawings, photographs, and descriptions of homes and buildings in Athens.
  • Downtown Different | Athens, Alabama
{{Limestone County, Alabama}}

5 : Populated places established in 1818|Cities in Alabama|Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area|Cities in Limestone County, Alabama|County seats in Alabama
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