词条 | Layering (finance) |
释义 |
InstancesIn 2011 British regulators fined Swift Trade £8 million for using the technique and the firm went out of business. The case drew a lot of attention as Swift Trade was a Canadian firm and it was one of the first cases of the FSA (Financial Services Authority) fining foreign firms.[2][3] References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Malhotra|first1=Raj|title='Flash Crash' course: What is 'layering?'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/22/flash-crash-course-what-is-layering-commentary.html}} {{finance-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Clamping Down on Rapid Trades in Stock Market |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/business/clamping-down-on-rapid-trades-in-stock-market.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fbusiness%2Findex.jsonp |quote=In August, regulators fined the firm, Swift Trade, £8 million, or $13.1 million, for a technique called layering, which involves issuing and then canceling orders they never meant to carry out. The action was challenged by Swift Trade, which was dissolved last year. |newspaper=New York Times |date=October 8, 2011 |accessdate=2011-10-10 }} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Investment firm Swift Trade loses appeal over £8m fine for market abuse|first=Jill|last=Treanor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/jan/28/swift-trade-fined-over-market-abuse|newspaper=The Guardian|date=January 28, 2013|accessdate=January 28, 2013}} 2 : Financial markets|Electronic trading systems |
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