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词条 Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Australia)
释义

  1. List of Leaders of the Opposition in the Senate

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

The Leader of the Opposition in the Senate is a party office held by the Opposition's most senior member of the Shadow Cabinet in the Australian Senate, elected to lead the opposition party (or parties) in the body.[1] Though the leader in the Senate does not have the power of the office of Leader of the Opposition (i.e. the leader in the House of Representatives and overall party leader), there are some parallels between the latter's status in the lower house and the former's in the Senate.[1] In addition to his or her own shadow ministerial portfolio, the leader has overarching responsibility for all policy areas and acts as the opposition's principal spokesperson in the upper house. The leader is entitled to sit at the table of the Senate,[1] and has priority in gaining recognition from the President of the Senate to speak in debate. Another similarity is that the leader typically announces changes to opposition officeholders in the Senate, including shadow ministers, party leadership and whips.[2] The leader also has some responsibility for appointing opposition senators to committees, a role filled by the Manager of Opposition Business and whips in the lower house. The current leader is Penny Wong. She is assisted by a Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, currently Don Farrell.

List of Leaders of the Opposition in the Senate

Senate Opposition
leader		 Term began Term ended Party Leader of the Opposition
Free Trade}} |   Josiah Symon Symon was elected the party's leader in the Senate in 1901, when the party was in Opposition.[3] He remained leader when the party was in Government from 1904 to 1905[4] and when the party again found itself on the Opposition benches.[5]|group=n|name=SymonNote}} 18 August 1904 Free Trade George Reid
Labor}} | Gregor McGregor McGregor was the Labor Party's leader in the Senate (and Deputy Leader of the federal Labor Party) from Federation until the double dissolution that triggered the 1914 election. As such, he held the title Leader of the Senate when in Government,[6][7][8] and that of Leader of the Opposition in the Senate whenever Labor formed the Official Opposition[9][10] during that period.|group=n|name=McGregorNote}} 5 July 1905 Labor Chris Watson
Free Trade}} |Josiah Symon5 July 190521 November 1907 Free Trade George Reid
Anti-Socialist
Free Trade}} |Edward Millen21 November 1907{{#tag:ref|Millen succeeded Symon as Leader of the Opposition on 21 November 1907[11] and became Senate leader of the new Commonwealth Liberal Party, taking up the office of Leader of the Senate upon when the party entered Government on 2 June 1909.[12] He continued as leader of the party in the Senate as it alternated between Government[13][14][15] and Opposition.[16][17]|group=n|name=MillenNote}}2 June 1909Anti-Socialist
Joseph Cook
Commonwealth Liberal}} | Commonwealth
Liberal		 Alfred Deakin
Labor}} | Gregor McGregor 2 June 1909 29 April 1910 Labor Andrew Fisher
Commonwealth Liberal}} |Edward Millen29 April 191024 June 1913Commonwealth
Liberal		 Alfred Deakin
Joseph Cook
Labor}} | Gregor McGregor 24 June 1913 30 July 1914 Labor Andrew Fisher
Commonwealth Liberal}} | Edward Millen 30 July 1914 After Billy Hughes, the Prime Minister, split with the Labor Party in November 1916, his new National Labor Party Government survived with the help of the Commonwealth Liberal Party. The latter remained, technically, in Opposition for the time being. Therefore, until National Labor and the Liberals formed a coalition government on 14 February 1017,[18] Millen remained Leader of the Opposition.[19] Gardiner was Leader of the Opposition from 14 February and was referred to as such in the Senate that day.[20]|group=n|name=MillenGardiner}} Commonwealth
Liberal 		Joseph Cook
Labor}} |Albert Gardiner{{#tag:ref|Gardiner's tenure includes a period from 1 July 1920 to 26 May 1922 in which he was Labor's sole senator, but he was still considered Leader of the Opposition.[21][22][23][24]|group=n}}17 February 191730 June 1926Labor Frank Tudor
Matthew Charlton
Ted Needham9 July 1926[25]25 June 1929Labor
James Scullin
John Daly 25 June 1929[26] 22 October 1929 Labor
Nationalist}} |George Pearce22 October 1929{{#tag:ref|Pearce was leader of the Nationalist Party in the Senate while it was in Government, and he continued in the role after the party entered Opposition.[27] He was elected Senate leader of the new United Australia Party when it was created as a merger of the Nationalists, other anti-Labor parties, and some Labor MPs.[28]|group=n}}6 January 1932 Nationalist John Latham
UAP}} | United
Australia		 Joseph Lyons
Labor}} | John Barnes Barnes was Labor's Senate leader before it left Government,[29] and he continued as leader afterwards.[30]|group=n}} 30 June 1935 Labor James Scullin
Joe Collings1 July 1935[31]7 October 1941Labor
John Curtin
UAP}} |George McLeay7 October 1941{{#tag:ref|McLeay was the UAP leader in the Senate in Government,[32] and continued as leader after the UAP–Country coalition fell.[33]|group=n}}31 May 1947UAP Arthur Fadden
Robert Menzies[34]
Liberal}} | Liberal
Country}} | Walter Cooper 1 June 1947[35] 19 November 1949 Country
Labor}} | Bill Ashley Ashley was Leader of the Government in the Senate until the Menzies Government took power.[36] He continued as Labor's leader in the Senate.[37]|group=n}} 11 June 1951 LaborChifley
Nick McKenna11 June 1951[38]17 August 1966Labor
H. V. Evatt
Arthur Calwell
Don Willesee17 August 1966[39]8 February 1967Labor
Gough Whitlam
Lionel Murphy 8 February 1967[40] 5 December 1972 Labor
Liberal}} |Reg Withers20 December 1972[41]11 November 1975Liberal Billy Sneddon
Malcolm Fraser
Labor}} |Ken Wriedt11 November 1975{{#tag:ref|Wriedt was Leader of the Government prior to the Dismissal,[42] and continued as Labor's leader thereafter.[43]|group=n}}28 September 1980[44]Labor Gough Whitlam
Bill Hayden
John Button7 November 1980[45]11 March 1983Labor
Bob Hawke
Liberal}} |Fred Chaney11 March 1983[46]27 February 1990[44]Liberal Andrew Peacock
John Howard
Andrew Peacock
Robert Hill3 April 1990[47]11 March 1996Liberal John Hewson
Alexander Downer
John Howard
Labor}} |John Faulkner19 March 1996[48]22 October 2004Labor Kim Beazley
Simon Crean
Mark Latham
Chris Evans22 October 2004[49]3 December 2007Labor
Kim Beazley
Kevin Rudd
Liberal}} |Nick Minchin3 December 2007[50]3 May 2010Liberal Brendan Nelson
Malcolm Turnbull
Tony Abbott
Eric Abetz 3 May 2010[51][52] 18 September 2013 Liberal
Labor}} |Penny Wong18 September 2013IncumbentLabor Chris Bowen
Bill Shorten

See also

  • Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)
  • Manager of Opposition Business in the Senate (Australia)

Notes

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.peo.gov.au/students/fact_sheets/leadership_parliament.html |title=Leadership in Parliament |work=Fact Sheets |publisher=Parliamentary Education Office |accessdate=24 August 2013}}
2. ^{{cite book |chapter=6. Senators: Parties and party leaders |title=Odger's Australian Senate Practice |edition=13th |accessdate=23 August 2013 |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/odgers13?file=chapter06§ion=08}}
3. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=7 June 1901 |work=The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times |location=Devonport and Burnie, Tas |page=2 |title=Opposition Senate Caucus: Sir J. H. Symon Selected Leader |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64503189}}
4. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=20 August 1904 |work=Western Star and Roma Advertiser |location=Toowoomba, Qld |page=2 |title=Latest Messages—Federal Parliament: The New Ministry |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article97404852}}
5. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=29 July 1905 |work=Barrier Miner |location=Broken Hill, NSW |page=8 |title=Federal Parliament |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44475535}}
6. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=27 April 1904 |work=The West Australian |page=7 |title=Federal Politics: Mr. Watson Forms a Cabinet |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25086954}}
7. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=13 November 1908 |work=Kalgoorlie Miner |location=Kalgoorlie, WA |page=5 |title=Members of New Cabinet: Representation of States |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article90483319}}
8. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=17 October 1910 |work=Daily Herald |location=Adelaide |page=6 |title=Federal Land Tax: The Property Owners |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article103905050}}
9. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=3 December 1909 |work=The Register |location=Adelaide |page=8 |title=The Tariff Commission |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56579971}}
10. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=22 November 1913 |work=Northern Times |location=Carnarvon, WA |page=5 |title=Federal Crisis, The Senate Adjourns to Harass the Government |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article75100614}}
11. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=22 November 1907 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |page=5 |title=The Senate Opposition: Senator Millen Elected Leader |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14884668}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10713358 |title=The New Cabinet |date=3 June 1909 |work=The Argus |location=Melbourne |page=7 |accessdate=21 April 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=8 June 1909 |work=Kalgoorlie Western Argus |location=Kalgoorlie, WA |page=36 |title=Formation of the Cabinet: The New Ministers |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article33280607}}
14. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=18 September 1913 |work=Forbes Advocate |location=Forbes, NSW |page=3 |title=The Cook Cabinet: Personnel of the New Team |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article113861238}}
15. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=19 February 1917 |work=The Argus |location=Melbourne |page=6 |title="Win-the-War" Ministry: Portfolios Allotted |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1598280}}
16. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=2 July 1910 |work=Examiner |location=Launceston, Tas |page=8 |title=The Opposition Party |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50426688}}
17. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Rutledge |first=Martha |year=1986 |id=A100490b |title=Millen, Edward Davis (1860–1923) |accessdate=8 September 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=15 February 1917 |work=The Bathurst Times |location=Bathurst, NSW |page=4 |title=The Coalition |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article111568900}}
19. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=9 February 1917 |page=10379 |speaker=Thomas Givens |position=President of the Senate |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1917-02-09%2F0007;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221910s%22%20Year%3A%221917%22%20Month%3A%2202%22%20Day%3A%2209%22;rec=2;resCount=Default}}
20. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=14 February 1917 |page=10490 |speaker=Patrick Lynch |position=Minister for Works and Railways |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1917-02-14%2F0053;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221910s%22%20Year%3A%221917%22%20Month%3A%2202%22%20Day%3A%2214%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
21. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=12 July 1920 |page=2828 |speaker=George Fairbairn |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1920-07-21%2F0020;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221920s%22%20Year%3A%221920%22%20Month%3A%2207%22%20Day%3A%2221%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
22. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=20 October 1920 |page=5766 |speaker=Albert Gardiner |position=Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1920-10-20%2F0005;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221920s%22%20Year%3A%221920%22%20Month%3A%2210%22%20Day%3A%2220%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
23. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=29 April 1921 |page=7901 |speaker=Josiah Thomas |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/summary/summary.w3p;adv=yes;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221920s%22%20Year%3A%221921%22%20Month%3A%2204%22%20Day%3A%2229%22;resCount=Default}}
24. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=16 November 1921 |page=12769 |speaker=Thomas Bakhap |position=Chairman of Committees |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1921-11-16%2F0019;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221920s%22%20Year%3A%221921%22%20Month%3A%2211%22%20Day%3A%2216%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
25. ^{{cite web |accessdate=22 August 2014 |date=10 July 1926 |page=11 |work=The West Australian |location=Perth |title=Federal Politics: Labour Leader in Senate, Needham Elected |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31935795}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article35742601 |title=The Senate: Mr. Daly Opposition Leader |work=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=26 June 1929 |page=13}}
27. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=29 November 1929 |page=481 |speaker=Bert Hoare |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1929-11-29%2F0029;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221920s%22%20Year%3A%221929%22%20Month%3A%2211%22%20Day%3A%2229%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
28. ^{{cite web |accessdate=28 August 2013 |date=8 May 1931 |page=7 |work=Morning Bulletin |location=Rockhampton, Qld |title=Unity Achieved |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55386305}}
29. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=4 May 1931 |work=Advocate |location=Burnie, Tas |page=7 |title=Allocation of Federal Portfolios |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67705304}}
30. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=18 February 1932 |work=Advocate |location=Burnie, Tas |page=5 |title=Labor in Senate, Senator Barnes Appointed Leader |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67908416}}
31. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=23 September 1935 |page=5 |speaker=Joe Collings |position=Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1935-09-23%2F0018;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221930s%22%20Year%3A%221935%22%20Month%3A%2209%22%20Day%3A%2223%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
32. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=8 November 1938 |work=The Mercury |location=Hobart |page=7 |title=Health Portfolio—Senator Foll |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25565724}}
33. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=9 October 1941 |work=Townsville Daily Bulletin |location=Townsville, Qld |page=4 |title=Senate Opposition, McLeay Elected Leader |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61800697}}
34. ^The UAP/Liberals and Country Party did not form a coalition opposition from 1943 to 1949 in the House of Representatives. However, from 1 July 1947 until the parties won government in 1949, the Senate parties formed a combined opposition because the Country senator and two Liberal senators were the only non-Labor members of the upper house. Cooper served as leader, Neil O'Sullivan as deputy, and Annabelle Rankin as whip.
35. ^{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia |house=Senate |date=15 October 1947 |page=727 |speaker=Walter Cooper |position=Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;db=HANSARD80;id=hansard80%2Fhansards80%2F1947-10-15%2F0039;orderBy=_fragment_number,doc_date-rev;query=Dataset%3Ahansards,hansards80%20Decade%3A%221940s%22%20Year%3A%221947%22%20Month%3A%2210%22%20Day%3A%2215%22;rec=0;resCount=Default}}
36. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=18 June 1946 |work=The Courier-Mail |page=1 |title=Sen. McKenna Appointed to Fedl. Cabinet |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50252583}}
37. ^{{cite web |accessdate=7 August 2013 |title=Parliamentary Parties Appoint Former Leaders |page=4 |date=22 February 1950 |work=The Canberra Times |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2768031}}
38. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=12 June 1951 |work=The Canberra Times |page=4 |title=Party Meetings Choose Leaders and Nominees |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2830835}}
39. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=18 August 1966 |work=The Canberra Times |page=8 |title=Caucus picks Senate leader |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article107887769}}
40. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=9 February 1967 |work=The Canberra Times |page=1 |title=Mr Whitlam leads ALP |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article106961260}}
41. ^{{cite web |author=Australian Parliamentary Library |work=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia |accessdate=22 August 2013 |title=Withers, Reg (1924–) |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-546137}}
42. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |date=11 February 1975 |work=The Canberra Times |page=1 |title=Mr Enderby Made Attorney-General |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110628570}}
43. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=28 January 1976 |work=The Canberra Times |page=1 |title=Clear win to Whitlam |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110799378}}
44. ^1 Resigned from the Senate while leader to seek a seat in the House of Representatives.
45. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |work=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia |author=Australian Parliamentary Library |title=Button, John (1933–2008) |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-570002}}
46. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=12 March 1983 |work=The Canberra Times |page=3 |title=Peacock elected Opposition leader: Naming of shadow ministry next week |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116373359}}
47. ^{{cite news |title=Winner Hewson sets his agenda |work=The Canberra Times |date=4 April 1990 |page=1}}
48. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |work=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia |author=Australian Parliamentary Library |title=Faulkner, John |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-872876}}
49. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |work=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia |author=Australian Parliamentary Library |title=Evans, Chris, (Christopher Vaughan) (1958–) |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-511959}}
50. ^{{cite web |accessdate=6 September 2013 |work=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia |author=Australian Parliamentary Library |title=Minchin, Nick (1953–) |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1309675}}
51. ^{{cite web |accessdate=8 September 2013 |work=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia |author=Australian Parliamentary Library |title=Abetz, Eric |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-537579}}
52. ^{{cite web |publisher=Australian Parliamentary Library |accessdate=8 September 2013 |title=Biography for Abetz, the Hon. Eric |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22handbook/allmps/N26%22}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}{{Parliament of Australia}}

5 : Lists of Australian politicians|Lists of political office-holders in Australia|Members of the Australian Senate|Opposition of Australia|Opposition leaders in Australia
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