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词条 League of Women Voters of Japan
释义

  1. History

  2. Notable members

  3. References

      Citations    Sources  

The League of Women Voters of Japan (Nihon Fujin Yūkensha Dōmei) [1] is a Japanese NGO advocating equal rights for women. It was established by Senator Fusae Ichikawa and other feminists in 1945, when Japanese women obtained the right to vote, inspired by the American League of Women Voters. It has 51 branches throughout Japan, and is affiliated with the International Alliance of Women.[2] The headquarters of the league are in Tokyo.[3]

History

The New Japan Women's League (NJWL) was established on November 3, 1946[4] in order to improve women's legal status in Japan,[5] and inform Japanese women about democracy and citizenship.[6] Fusae Ichikawa served as the first president.{{Sfn|Lublin|2013|p=135}} In May 1948, the League of Women Voters sponsored a joint gathering of women's groups "in the cause of preserving peace."{{Sfn|Yamamoto|2004|p=138}}

Eventually the NJWL merged with the Japanese League of Women Voters in 1950.[7]

After WWII, the League had trouble recruiting new members, and most members were housewives.{{Sfn|Yamamoto|2004|p=170}} The league has remained relatively conservative over time and has continued to have difficulty attracting new and young members.[2] By 1983, there were about 5,000 active members.[3]

By 2014, there were only about 2,000 active members. In April 2016, the League of Women Voters of Japan has been dissolved due to continuing decrease and aging of members.[8]

Notable members

  • Fusae Ichikawa
  • Teiko Kihira[3]

References

Citations

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlnvCwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA170&dq=%22fujin%20yukensha%22&pg=PA170#v=onepage&q=%22fujin%20yukensha%22&f=false|title=Japan: Doing Business and Investing in Japan Guide|last=|first=|publisher=International Business Publications|year=2016|isbn=9781514526880|location=|pages=170|via=}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.unescap.org/huset/women/reports/japan.pdf|title=State of Women in Urban Local Government Japan|last=|first=|date=|website=United Nations ESCAP|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040612095630/http://www.unescap.org/huset/women/reports/japan.pdf|archive-date=12 June 2004|access-date=28 July 2016}}
3. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19830809&id=lEIiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=aa0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3009,3235552&hl=en|title=Still a Long Way to Go|last=|first=|date=9 August 1983|work=The Argus-Press|access-date=28 July 2016|via=}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g7_5Cm8k2MkC&lpg=PA122&ots=uyUinB1l5V&dq=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&pg=PA122#v=onepage&q=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&f=false|title=Feminism in Modern Japan: Citizenship, Embodiment and Sexuality|last=Mackie|first=Vera|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=0521820189|location=|pages=122|via=}}
5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1MyP6i06z-4C&lpg=PA64&ots=vaGC8okQ0i&dq=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&f=false|title=Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History|last=Hunter|first=Janet|publisher=University of California Press|year=1984|isbn=0520043901|location=|pages=64–65|via=}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=posEjrnUcwoC&lpg=PA262&ots=bZjP0Cny-R&dq=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&f=false|title=Scream From the Shadows: The Women's Liberation Movement in Japan|last=Shigematsu|first=Setsu|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2012|isbn=9780816667581|location=|pages=8|via=}}
7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5EUAV4Xb5wC&lpg=PA159&dq=Chifuren&pg=PA168#v=onepage&q=Chifuren&f=false|title=Women of Japan and Korea: Continuity and Change|last=Gelb|first=Joyce|last2=Palley|first2=Marian Lief|publisher=Temple University Press|year=1994|isbn=1566392233|location=|pages=151|via=}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A9%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E6%A8%A9%E8%80%85%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F-1574340|title=What's Nihon Fujin Yūkensha Dōmei|last=Encyclopedia Nipponica|first=|date=|website=kotobank|language=ja|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-13}}

Sources

  • {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHXG0JV9zEkC&lpg=PA135&ots=Zu3bsbmcPH&dq=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q=%22New%20Japan%20Women's%20League%22&f=false|title=Japan at War: An Encyclopedia|last=Lublin|first=Elizabeth Dorn|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2013|isbn=9781598847420|editor-last=Perez|editor-first=Louis G.|location=|pages=|chapter=Ichikawa Fusae (1893-1981)|ref=harv|via=}}
  • {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x89_AgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Grassroots Pacifism in Post-war Japan: The Rebirth of a Nation|last=Yamamoto|first=Mari|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon|year=2004|isbn=0203421000|location=|pages=|ref=harv|via=}}
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5 : Women's rights organizations|Women's organizations based in Japan|Feminist organizations|Feminism in Japan|Organizations established in 1945
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