| 词条 | Learned medicine |
| 释义 |
Learned medicine centred on the practica, a genre of Latin texts based on description of diseases and their treatment (nosology).[4] Its interests were less in the abstract reasoning of medieval medicine and in the tradition of Avicenna, on which it was built, and instead it was based more on the diagnosis and treatment of particular diseases.[5] Practica, covering diagnosis and therapies, was contrasted with theorica, which dealt with physiology and abstract thought on health and illness.[6] The tradition from Galen valued practica less than theoretical concepts, but from the 15th century the status of practica in learned medicine rose.[7] "Learned medicine" in this sense was also an academic discipline. It was taught in European universities, and its faculty had the same status as those of theology and law.[8] Learned medicine is typically contrasted with the folk medicine of the period, but it has been argued that the distinction is not rigorous.[9] Its Galenic teachings were challenged successively by Paracelsianism and Helmontianism.[10] Learned medicine and syphilisAround the year 1500 an issue for learned medicine was the nature of morbus gallicus, now identified as venereal syphilis. Alessandro Benedetti, in particular, advocated the line that it was a novel disease, not described in the traditional authorities. Niccolo Leoniceno conceded that in terms of symptoms it could not be identified as known to the ancients; but denied that novel diseases could exist.[11] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Lindemann|title=Medicine and Society in Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3fv-0iophEC&pg=PA84|date=1 July 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42592-6|pages=84–7}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Don Bates|author2=Donald George Bates|title=Knowledge and the Scholarly Medical Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bN5IAgUXGmAC&pg=PA160|date=2 November 1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-49975-0|pages=160–1}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Stephen Pender|author2=Nancy S. Struever|title=Rhetoric and Medicine in Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1ht2ghetm4C&pg=PA142|date=1 November 2012|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-7105-9|page=142}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Ann Lund|title=Melancholy, Medicine and Religion in Early Modern England: Reading 'The Anatomy of Melancholy'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FTrO_Ev4ewC&pg=PA79|date=7 January 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-19050-3|page=79}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Irvine Loudon|title=Western Medicine: An Illustrated History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJEWZq0bq8kC&pg=PA74|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-924813-1|page=74}} 6. ^{{cite book |editor1=Anthony Grafton|editor2=Nancy Siraisi|title=Natural Particulars: Nature and the Disciplines in Renaissance Europe|year=1999|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=0-262-07193-2|page=351}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Ian Maclean|title=Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HX_wzmrIVqwC&pg=PA69|date=23 April 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03627-6|page=69}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Mark Jackson|title=The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpjgoazGIC4C&pg=PT79|date=25 August 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-954649-7|page=79}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=Peter Elmer|author2=Ole Peter Grell|title=Health, Disease and Society in Europe, 1500-1800: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPpvlIrVSMkC&pg=PA38|date=9 March 2004|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-6737-2|pages=38–9}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Andrew Wear|title=Knowledge and Practice in English Medicine, 1550-1680|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENphAl918SIC&pg=PA34|date=16 November 2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-55827-3|page=34}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Nancy G. Siraisi|title=History, Medicine, and the Traditions of Renaissance Learning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgIGVWo_2FkC&pg=PA30|year=2007|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-11602-7|pages=30–1}} 1 : History of medicine |
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