| 词条 | Lebanese Mexicans |
| 释义 |
|group=Lebanese Mexicans libano-mexicano {{lang|ar|مكسيكي لبناني}} |image= |caption= |population=991 Lebanon-born residents (2017)[1] est. 400,000 Mexicans of Lebanese descent[2] |popplace= Nuevo León, Yucatán, Veracruz, Coahuila, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Mexico City, Baja California, Guanajuato, Chihuahua, Durango, Puebla |langs=Mexican Spanish and Lebanese Arabic |rels=Predominantly Christianity, minority Islam | related = Lebanese and Lebanese diaspora }}{{Lebanese people}} Lebanese Mexicans refers to Mexican citizens of Lebanese origin. Although Lebanese Mexicans made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.[3] Lebanese influence in Mexican culture can be seen most particularly in Mexican cuisine, where they have introduced many foods and dishes and created their own recipes such as al pastor. Interethnic marriage in the Lebanese community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most have only one parent with Lebanese ethnicity. As a result, some of them speak fluently Arabic. But the majority, especially among younger generations, speak Spanish as first language. Carlos Slim, formerly the richest man in the world,[4] is an example of Lebanese Mexican success in Mexican society. Migration historyLebanese immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries.[5] In 1892, the first Lebanese arrived in Mexico from Beirut in French ships to Mexican ports such as Puerto Progreso, Jalisco and Tampico.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} At that time, Lebanon was not an independent nation; the territory was held by the Ottoman Empire and later became a French protectorate. Roughly 100,000 Arabic-speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They settled in significant numbers in Yucatán, Veracruz, Puebla, Mexico City and the northern part of the country (mainly in the states of Baja California, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango, as well as the city of Tampico and Guadalajara). Although Lebanese people made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.[6] During the 1948 Israel-Lebanon war and the Six-Day War, thousands of Lebanese left Lebanon and went to Mexico, first arriving in Veracruz. Another concentration of Lebanese-Mexicans is in Baja California facing the US–Mexican border, especially in the cities of Mexicali and Tijuana across from San Diego with a large Lebanese-American community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. Lebanese culture in MexicoOne Lebanese cultural tradition in Mexico itself is to place colored ribbons to the image of St. Charbel to ask some favor or some miracle and to give thanks. The tradition arose in the Candelaria Church in Merced in the historic center of Mexico City. The immigration of Lebanese to Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, including introducing kibbeh and tabbouleh, and even creating recipes such as tacos árabes. By 1765, dates, which originated in North Africa and the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influenced the Yucatecan cuisine. ReligionThe majority of Lebanese-Mexicans are Christians who belong to the Maronite, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Melkite Catholic. The Lebanese initially practiced Catholicism independently from other Mexicans, but learned to speak Spanish; Lebanese-Mexican children quickly joined the country's religious activities. A few Lebanese Muslims settled in Mexico. They were responsible for the opening of the first mosque in Mexico, built in the city of Torreon, in Coahuila, and named Suraya. Notable people{{Further|List of Lebanese people in Mexico}}Arab last namesAlhuseyni, Alabi, Assad, Awad, Bakri, Bathich, Bichir, Cafrune,Chaul, Chehayeb, Cejin, Dajer, Eljure, Habib, Hadad, Handal,Kanaan,Khalil, Harfoush, Hasbun, Maalouf, Marun, Menem, Marrash, Massou, Masri, Medina, Menen, Merheg, Mukhtar, Feris, Sfeir, Slim, Saeb, Sayde, See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Table 1: Total migrant stock at mid-year by origin and by major area, region, country or area of destination, 2017|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockByOriginAndDestination_2017.xlsx|publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division |accessdate=17 August 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The biggest enchilada|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3641163/The-biggest-enchilada.html|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=28 February 2015|quote=The Mexican-Lebanese community now numbers around 400,000 but punches way above its weight in commerce...}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327124211/https://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-27 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/carlos-slim-helu |title= Carlos Slim Helu & family |work=Forbes |accessdate=March 5, 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-536840/Marin-Guzman-Roberto-and-Zidane.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112143920/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-536840/Marin-Guzman-Roberto-and-Zidane.html#abstract |archive-date=12 January 2008 |title=Marin-Guzman, Roberto and Zidane Zeraoui. Arab Immigration in Mexico in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Assimilation and Arab Heritage.(Book Review)}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |title=Los árabes de México. Asimilación y herencia cultural |language=Spanish |accessdate=2010-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327124211/https://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-27 |df= }} External links
7 : Arab Mexican|Mexican people of Lebanese descent|Ethnic groups in Mexico|Arab groups|Lebanese diaspora by country|Lebanese emigrants|Immigration to Mexico |
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