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词条 Lebanon–Syria border clashes
释义

  1. Timeline

     2012   2013   2014  2015  2016  2017 

  2. See also

  3. References

{{further|Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon|Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War}}{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Lebanese–Syrian border clashes
|partof = the Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
|image =
|caption =
|date = 1 June 2012 – 28 August 2017
({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=2012|month1=06|day1=1|month2=08|day2=28|year2=2017}})
|place = Lebanon–Syria border
|status = Decisive Lebanese Army victory on the Lebanese side and Hezbollah and Syrian Army victory on the Syrian side
  • Lebanese and Syrian governments fully recapture the Lebanon–Syria border[1]

|combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} Free Syrian Army[2]
  • Saraya Ahl al-Sham{{surrendered}}[3]
{{flagicon image|Logo of Jaysh al-Islam.jpg}} Jaysh al-Islam[4]
{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} Ahrar al-Sham
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Al-Qaeda affiliates
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg}} Tahrir al-Sham (2017){{surrendered}}[5]
    • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} Al-Nusra Front{{Ref label|Nusra|a}}[6]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Fatah al-Islam.png}} Fatah al-Islam (until 2014)[7]
  • Ghuraba al-Sham (until 2013)
  • Jund al-Sham (until 2014)[8]
  • Abdullah Azzam Brigades[9][10]
  • Osbat al-Ansar[11]
  • Osbat al-Nour
  • Sunni Resistance Committees[12]

{{flag|Islamic State}} (2013–17)
|combatant2 = {{flag|Lebanon}}
  • Lebanese Armed Forces
  • Internal Security Forces

{{flagicon|Syria}} Syrian Arab Republic
  • Syrian Armed Forces
Hezbollah
|commander1 =
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Lebanon}} Michel Sleiman (2012–14)
{{flagicon|Lebanon}} Tammam Salam (2014–16)
{{flagicon|Lebanon}} Jean Kahwaji (2012–17)
|units1 =
|units2 =
|strength1 =
|strength2 =
|notes = {{Note label|Nusra|a}} The al-Nusra Front closely cooperated with ISIL between 2013 and 2014, were considered "frenemies" in 2015,[13] and became embroiled in open conflict with it in 2017.[14]
}}{{Campaignbox Syrian civil war}}{{Campaignbox Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon}}

The Lebanese–Syrian border clashes are an ongoing series of clashes on the Lebanese-Syrian border caused by the ongoing Syrian Civil War.

Timeline

2012

At the beginning of the summer 2012, two Hezbollah fighters were killed in a clash with Syrian rebels who were on Lebanese territory.[15]

On 17 September, Syrian Ground-attack aircraft fired three missiles {{convert|500|m|ft}} over the border into Lebanese territory near Arsal. It was suggested that the jets were chasing rebels in the vicinity. The attack prompted Lebanese president Michel Sleiman to launch an investigation, whilst not publicly blaming Syria for the incident.[16]

On 22 September, a group of armed members of the Free Syrian Army attacked a border post near Arsal. This was reported to be the second incursion within a week. The group were chased off into the hills by the Lebanese Army, who detained and later released some rebels due to pressure from dignified locals. Michel Sleiman praised the actions taken by the military as maintaining Lebanon's position being "neutral from the conflicts of others". He called on border residents to "stand beside their army and assist its members." Syria has repeatedly called for an intensified crackdown on rebels that it claims are hiding in Lebanese border towns.[17][18]

On 11 October 2012, four shells fired by the Syrian military hit Masharih al-Qaa, where previous shelling incidents have caused fatalities. Lebanon's position of ignoring the attacks and dissociating itself from the conflict remained unchanged.

On 30 November 2012, between 14 and 20 Islamists from North Lebanon, as well a Palestinian, were killed in an ambush in Tall Kalakh near the Lebanese border. They had gone to Syria to fight alongside the Syrian rebels.[19]

2013

On 1 February 2013, two Lebanese soldiers were killed, along with 1-2 militants, and six were wounded in clashes near the Syrian border which started after an attempt by the military to arrest an anti-Assad rebel commander, who was also killed.[20][21][22]

Three Lebanese soldiers were killed in an attack on their checkpoint near the border town of Arsal by unknown militants who than fled over the border into Syria.[23]

In the night of 2 June 2013, heavy clashes between Syrian rebels and Hezbollah took place near the Lebanese town of Ain el-Jaouze, which is close to the border area between Lebanon and Syria. The rebels were ether members of the radical Al-Nusra Front or of the Free Syrian Army. Hezbollah fighters attacked a rebel rocket team which was reportedly preparing to fire rockets into Shi'ite areas of the Lebanese Beqaa Valley. 14–17 rebels and one Hezbollah fighter were killed. The rebels said the attack was in retaliation for Hezbollah's support for the Syrian Army at the battle of al-Qusayr.[24][25][26][27]

On 6 June 2013, unknown gunmen attacked a Lebanese Army checkpoint in Arsal, near the border. In the ensuing gunfight two of the gunmen were killed. The Army captured a pick-up truck that contained weapons and ammunition. After examining the bodies, it was determined that at least one of the dead gunmen was a Syrian national. The nationality of the other dead man was not stated.[28]

2014

{{see also|Qalamoun offensive (June 2014–present)}}

On June 14, 2014, the Syrian Army and Hezbollah fighters bombed the village of Tfeil in the Bekka valley causing much damage to people and property.[29]

On 14 July, Hezbollah fighters launched an attack on Syrian rebels holding out on the border with Lebanon between Qalamoun and Arsal, killing three rebels and wounding ten. The clashes left one fighter from Hezbollah dead and twelve others wounded.[30] The fighting moved into Lebanon outside the town of Nahleh, with fighting killing an additional seven Hezbollah fighters and 32 rebels.

On 16 July, Al Nusra Front ambushed Hezbollah fighters attempting to enter Al Qalamoun from Lebanon, leaving three of them dead. By this time, it was estimated that 26 Al Nusra Front fighters had been killed.[31]

On 17 July, fierce clashes broke out between Hezbollah fighters and Al Nusra Front fighters on the outskirts of the Lebanese town of Arsal and Al-Fakiha. Hezbollah reportedly captured seven Al Nusra Front fighters.[32] The fighting continued into the next day, with Syrian jets and Hezbollah bombarding rebel positions stretching from Arsal to Nanleh. Arsal residents were apparently being coerced into allowing fighters to rest there, and many civilians from Lebanese border villages had been kidnapped.[33]

{{main|Battle of Arsal}}

On 2 August, Al Nusra Front leader Emad Jumaa was detained by Lebanese authorities at a checkpoint near Arsal. Al Nusra Front fighters, still reeling from an ambush orchestrated by pro-Syrian forces across the border, promptly surrounded Lebanese army checkpoints around the town and demanded his release.[34] The army refused, and Al Nusra Front, backed by fighters from the Islamic State, stormed Arsal and captured the police station. Clashes broke out in and around the town between the militants and the Lebanese army, leaving 11 militants and 7 soldiers dead. The Lebanese army began to shell the town throughout the night, as Al Nusra Front detained 16 members of the local security forces.[35]

From the second to the fifth fierce battles raged, lasting until the Jihadi army withdrew back into Syria on the fifth, capturing dozens of hostages, which were later used as bargaining chips.[36] Desperate battles between Al Nusra Front and Hezbollah fighters took place on the Syrian side of the border, spilling over into the Arsal area again on 21 August.[37]

On August 26, Syrian bombers targeted[38] suspected rebel outposts on the Lebanese side of the border, beginning an offensive that inadvertently involved Lebanese troops,[39] threatening to turn the Bekka valley into major battlefield of a regional war.

On 16 September, Al-Nusra Front fighters crossed into Lebanon after clashing with the Syrian army. The Lebanese army repelled them, killing and wounding an unverified number.[40]

On 19 September, two Lebanese soldiers were killed and three were wounded when a bomb exploded as their convoy was headed towards the outskirts of Arsal.[41]

On 2 December, six Lebanese soldiers were killed and one wounded in an ambush by unknown gunmen in the Tal Hamra area of Ras Baalbek, near the border with Syria.[42]

2015

On 23 January, eight soldiers were killed and 22 wounded near Ras Baalbek after their outpost near the border was attacked by Al Nusra. The fighting also left more than 40 militants dead.[43]

2016

2017

See also

{{Portal|Lebanon|Syrian civil war}}
  • Lebanese civil war

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-lebanon-syria-idUSKCN1B80PR?il=0|title=Islamic State prepares to evacuate Syria-Lebanon border zone|work=Reuters|date=28 August 2017}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=FSA 'Arsal Commander' Shot Dead in Town's Square|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/187423|date=14 August 2015|work=Naharnet}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/last-rebel-faction-leaves-mountains-on-syrian-lebanese-border-alongside-displaced/|title=Last rebel faction leaves mountains on Syrian-Lebanese border alongside displaced|work=Syria Direct|date=14 August 2017}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2015/02/jaysh-al-islam-qalamoun-syria-arsal-lebanon.html|work=Al-Monitor|title=Jaish al-Islam confronts Islamic State in Arsal|date=5 February 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/content/preventing-forced-return-lebanon-and-greater-levant|title=Preventing Forced Return in Lebanon and the Greater Levant|work=The Stimson Center|author=Jesse Marks|date=10 August 2017}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Syria Islamist factions, including former al Qaeda branch, join forces - statement|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20170128161652-xes7v/|accessdate=1 February 2017|work=Thomson Reuters Foundation|date=28 January 2017}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/09/lebanon-ain-hilweh-camp-palestinian-refugees-tension-clashes.html#|work=Al-Monitor|first=Adnan|last=Abu Amer|title=Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon becomes battlefield for Fatah-Islamist conflict|date=4 September 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/palestinian-fatah-leader-killed-lebanon-refugee-camp-bomb-2352547|title=Palestinian Fatah Leader Killed In Lebanon Refugee Camp Bomb|date=12 April 2016|work=International Business Times|last=Masi|first=Alessandria}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/05/world/middleeast/05iht-m05-lebanon-camp.html?_r=0|work=New York Times|title=Syria War Triggers Rifts in Palestinian Camps in Lebanon|date=4 April 2012|first=Josh|last=Wood}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/02/lebanon-arrests-top-al-qaeda-linked-fighter-201421212285696407.html|title=Lebanon arrests top al-Qaeda linked fighter|work=Al-Jazeera|date=12 February 2014}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/06/palestinian-refugee-camps-lebanon-hamas-tension.html#|title=Hamas working to lower tensions in Lebanese camps|date=15 June 2015|first=Adnan|last=Abu Amer|work=Al-Monitor}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/sunni-resistance-committees-in-lebanon-releases-video-on-arsal-attack.html|title="Sunni Resistance Committees in Lebanon" Releases Video on Arsal Attack|date=16 October 2015|work=SITE Intelligence Group}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/06/this-lebanese-village-is-under-attack-by-isis.html|title=ISIS Is Trying to Take Over Lebanon. This Christian Village Is on the Front Lines.|work=New York|author=Sulome Anderson|date=21 June 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almayadeen.net/news/politics/57838/%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A|title=Widening clashes between the front and the victory of the Lebanese organization Daesh Jarod Arsal|work=Al Mayadeen|date=27 May 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/international/171434781_Hezbollah_Increases_Support_for_Syrian_Regime__U_S__and_Lebanese_Officials_Say__Beirut_.html?c=y&page=1 |title=Hezbollah Increases Support for Syrian Regime, U.S. and Lebanese Officials Say (Beirut) |publisher=Northjersey.com |date=2012-09-26 |accessdate=2012-12-25}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/09/18/syrian-jets-hit-lebanese-territory-near-border/#ixzz27JvfB9lg |title=FOX News, Syrian jets hit Lebanese territory near border, 18 September 2012 |publisher=Foxnews.com |date=2012-09-18 |accessdate=2012-12-25}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2012/Sep-23/188927-lebanese-president-praises-army-response-to-fsa-attack.ashx#ixzz27JxWSuyo |title=(Lebanon), Lebanese president praises Army response to FSA attack, 23 September 2012 |publisher=The Daily Star |date= |accessdate=2012-12-25}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2012/09/22/rebeldes-sirios-atacan-un-puesto-del-ejercito-en-territorio-de-libano/ |title=Rebeldes sirios atacan un puesto del Ejército en territorio de Líbano, CNN Espanol, Alkhshali Hamdi, Amir Ahmed, Mohammed Tawfeeq, Ben Brumfield and Joe Sterling, 22 September 2012 |publisher=Cnnespanol.cnn.com |date= |accessdate=2012-12-25}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Nov-30/196719-two-lebanese-killed-several-wounded-near-syria-lebanon-border-sources.ashx#axzz2ED21yq00 |title=20 Lebanese killed in Syria ambush |publisher=The Daily Star |date= |accessdate=2012-12-24}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-02/204737-arsal-ambush-kills-two-lebanese-soldiers-hunting-w.ashx |title=Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive |publisher=Dailystar.com.lb |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
21. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/02/world/middleeast/syria-crisis.html?_r=0 Soldiers in Lebanon Die in Raid Near Syria]
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2013/Feb-01/204650-army-patrol-ambushed-in-east-lebanon-several-casua.ashx#axzz2JfNXn2Mh |title=Four soldiers killed in east Lebanon ambush |publisher=Dailystar.com.lb |date=2013-02-01 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
23. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/world/middleeast/syria.html?_r=0 Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment]
24. ^{{cite web|author=Reuters |url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Syrian-rebels-Hezbollah-in-deadly-fight-in-Lebanon-315158 |title=Syrian rebels, Hezbollah in deadly fight in Lebanon |publisher=Jpost.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
25. ^{{cite news|last=Evans |first=Dominic |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/02/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE95105O20130602 |title=Syrian rebels, Hezbollah in deadly fight in Lebanon: sources |publisher=Reuters.com |date=2013-06-02 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4387292,00.html |title=Hezbollah, Syrian rebels clash on Lebanese soil |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
27. ^{{cite news|last=Morris |first=Loveday |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/hezbollah-boosting-assads-forces-in-northern-syria/2013/06/02/3bb59c7e-cb9e-11e2-8f6b-67f40e176f03_story.html |title=In Syria, Hezbollah forces appear ready to attack rebels in city of Aleppo |publisher=Washingtonpost.com |date=2013-06-02 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2013/Jun-06/219630-two-killed-in-clash-with-army-in-arsal.ashx#axzz2VSNQChda |title=Two killed in clash with Army in Arsal |publisher=Dailystar.com.lb |date=2013-06-06 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jun-14/260147-syrian-army-shells-bekaa-border-village.ashx#axzz34cfdwzkD |title=Syrian army shells Bekaa border village | News, Lebanon News |publisher=The Daily Star |date=2014-06-14 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jul-14/263753-hezbollah-battles-syria-rebels-four-dead.ashx#axzz3891zFLio |title=Hezbollah battles Syria rebels, four dead | News, Lebanon News |publisher=The Daily Star |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/17/us-syria-crisis-hezbollah-idUSKBN0FM1OQ20140717 |title=Hezbollah and al Qaeda clash on Syria-Lebanon frontier |publisher=Reuters |date=2014-07-17 |accessdate=2014-08-26 |first=Mariam |last=Karouny}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jul-17/264184-hezbollah-nusra-front-clash-near-lebanon-border.ashx#axzz3891zFLio |title=Hezbollah, Nusra Front clash near Lebanon border | News, Lebanon News |publisher=The Daily Star |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jul-18/264278-hezbollah-nusra-front-clash-persists-along-border.ashx#axzz3891zFLio |title=Hezbollah, Nusra Front clash persists along border | News, Lebanon News |publisher=The Daily Star |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
34. ^{{cite web|last=Yaakov |first=Yifa |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/gunmen-encircle-lebanon-army-posts-after-syria-militant-held/ |title=Gunmen encircle Lebanon army posts after Syria 'militant' held |publisher=The Times of Israel |date=2014-08-02 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
35. ^{{cite news|author=Reuters |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/02/syria-rebels-lebanon_n_5644669.html |title=Syria's Islamist Rebels Battle Troops In Lebanon |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date= 2014-08-02|accessdate=2014-08-26}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Aug-21/267930-militants-will-free-captives-if-hezbollah-pulls-out-of-syria.ashx#axzz3B2fhk514 |title=Militants will free captives if Hezbollah pulls out of Syria | News, Lebanon News |publisher=The Daily Star |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jul-14/263784-seven-hezbollah-fighters-dead-after-clash-on-syria-border.ashx |title=Seven Hezbollah fighters dead after clash on Syria border | News, Lebanon News |publisher=The Daily Star |date=2014-07-14 |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Aug-27/268663-syria-warplanes-bomb-lebanon-border-region.ashx#axzz3BQqtSY8q|title=Syria warplanes bomb Lebanon border region|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=29 October 2014}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Aug-28/268770-lebanese-army-shells-militant-positions-along-northeastern-border.ashx#axzz3BQqtSY8q|title=Lebanese Army: One missing after soldiers ambushed in Arsal|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=29 October 2014}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Sep-16/270838-dozens-of-nusra-fighters-killed-along-lebanon-syria-border.ashx#axzz3DndUZIE7|title=Dozens of Nusra fighters killed along Lebanon-Syria border|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=29 October 2014}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/border-rocket-attack-lebanon-army-wounds-2-military-100011178.html|title=Bomb attack kills 2 troops on Syria border: Lebanon army|date=19 September 2014|work=Yahoo News|accessdate=29 October 2014}}
42. ^Lebanese troops killed near Syrian border
43. ^8 soldiers dead, 22 wounded as Lebanon border battle ends
{{Syrian civil war}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lebanese-Syrian border clashes}}

10 : Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon|Battles of the Syrian Civil War|2012 in the Syrian Civil War|2013 in the Syrian Civil War|2014 in the Syrian Civil War|2012 in Lebanon|2013 in Lebanon|2014 in Lebanon|Lebanon–Syria relations|Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

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