| 词条 | LED filament | |||
| 释义 |
An LED filament light bulb is an LED lamp which is designed to resemble a traditional incandescent light bulb with visible filaments for aesthetic and light distribution purposes, but with the high efficiency of light emitting diodes (LEDs). It produces its light by LED filaments, series-connected strings of diodes that resemble the filament of an incandescent light bulb. They are made with the same envelope shapes, with caps to fit the same sockets, and work at the same voltage as incandescent bulbs, and are direct replacements for conventional clear incandescent bulbs. They may be used for their appearance, similar when lit to an incandescent bulb, or for their wide angle of light distribution, typically 300°.[1] History{{multiple image| direction = vertical | width = 200 | header_background = | header_align = | header = | image2 = LED_Filament_CloseUp_at_5 %_power.JPG | caption2 = Closeup of a filament at 5% power; note the individual LED light spots. | image1 = LED_filament.svg | caption1 = Structure of a typical filament }} A LED filament type design light bulb was produced by Ushio Lighting in 2008, intended to mimic the appearance of a standard light bulb.[1] Contemporary bulbs typically used a single large LED or matrix of LEDs attached to one large heatsink. As a consequence, these bulbs typically produced a beam only 180 degrees wide.[1] By about 2015 LED filament bulbs had been introduced by several manufacturers. These designs used several LED filament light emitters, similar in appearance when lit to the filament of a standard incandescent bulb,[1] and very similar in detail to the multiple filaments of the early Edison incandescent bulbs.[1] LED filament bulbs were patented by Ushio and Sanyo in 2008. Panasonic described a flat arrangement with modules similar to filaments in 2013.[1] Two other independent patent applications were filed in 2014 but were never granted.[2][3] The early filed patents included a heat drain under the LEDs. Are this time LEDs were under 100 lm/W (lumens of light per a single watt of electricity). In late 2010s available LED filaments were up to 160 lm/W.[4] DesignThe LED filament consists of multiple series-connected LEDs on a transparent substrate, referred to as Chip-On-Glass (COG). These transparent substrates are made of glass or sapphire materials. This transparency allows the emitted light to disperse evenly and uniformly without any interference. An even coating of yellow phosphor in a silicone resin binder material converts the blue light generated by the LEDs into light approximating white light of the desired colour temperature—typically 2700K to match the warm white of an incandescent bulb.[1] Degradation of silicone binder, and leakage of blue light are design issues in LED filament lights. A market intelligence provider warns that LED filament lamp makers in China commonly use low-grade silicone to cut costs; it may become brittle after 200 hours of operation, causing the filament structure to fracture and break the LED string.[1] A benefit of the filament design is potentially higher efficiency due to the use of more LED emitters with lower driving currents. A major benefit of the design is the ease with which near full "global" (360°) illumination can be obtained from arrays of filaments,[5] but two zones emitting less light appear diagonal to the substrate. [6] The lifespan of LED emitters is reduced by high operating temperatures. LED filament bulbs have many smaller, lower power LED chips than other types, avoiding the need for a heatsink, but they must still pay attention to thermal management; multiple heat dissipation paths are needed for reliable operation. The lamp may contain a high thermal conductivity gas (helium) blend to better conduct heat from the LED filament to the glass bulb.[5] The LED filaments can be arranged to optimize heat dissipation. The life expectancy of the LED chips correlates to the junction temperature (Tj); light output falls faster with time at higher junction temperatures (the "Droop Effect"). Achieving a 30,000 hour life expectancy while maintaining 90% luminous flux requires the junction temperature to be maintained below 85°C.[5] The large number of LEDs (typically 28 per filament) simplifies the power supply compared to traditional LEDs, as the voltage per blue LED is between 2.48 and 3.7 volts. Some types may additionally use red LEDs (1.63 V to 2.03 V). Two filaments with a mix of red and blue is thus close to 110 V, and four are close to 220 V to 240 V, compared to the 3 V to 12 V needed for a traditional LED lamp. Four filaments are usually used, and the appearance is similar to an overrun carbon filament lamp. Typically, a mix of phosphors is used to give a higher color rendering index (as distinct from color temperature) than the early blue LEDs with yellow phosphor. The often-used cheap capacitive power supply cause a flickering, depending on the mains alternating current, double in frequency by the bridge rectifier. Such capacitive power supplies installed in the socket of the lamp give a higher current at higher mains frequency.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Nobuyoshi|last2=Matsuda|first2=Tsugihiro|last3=Nagai|first3=Hideo|last4=Miki|first4=Masahiro|last5=Uemoto|first5=Takaari|title=Light bulb shaped lamp and lighting apparatus|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US8858027|accessdate=26 September 2017|date=2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|last1=Wu|first1=Bor-jen|title=LED LIGHT BULB (abandoned)|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US20140362586|publisher=US Patent office|accessdate=2015-01-04}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Feng|first1=Yunglong|title=LED LIGHT AND FILAMENT THEREOF (abandoned)|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US20140369036|publisher=US Patent office|accessdate=2015-01-04}} 4. ^http://www.runlite.cn/en/product-detail-129.html 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |url= http://www.ledinside.com/knowledge/2015/2/the_next_generation_of_led_filament_bulbs |title= The Next Generation of LED Filament Bulbs.|first=Judy|last=Lin|date=5 February 2015|accessdate= 17 Feb 2019 |website=LEDinside}} 6. ^http://yuanleicom.hkhost1.baten.cc/userfiles/file/20160901/20160901084246_29396.pdf }} See also{{cite web |url=http://blog.spitzenpfeil.org/wordpress/2015/04/06/spontaneous-led-bulb-teardown-filamented-led-light-bulb/ |title=Spontaneous LED bulb teardown — Filamented LED light bulb |website=Blog.spitzenpfeil.org |date= 6 April 2015 |author= |accessdate= 17 February 2019}} A detailed teardown of a filament LED bulb and description of its power supply.{{Commons category|LED filament lamps|position=left}}{{Artificial light sources}} 2 : LED lamps|Light-emitting diodes |
|||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。