| 词条 | Lehtovaara PIK-16 Vasama | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Lehtovaara PIK-16 Vasama ({{lang-en|Arrow}}) is a Finnish mid-wing, single-seat, FAI Standard Class glider that was designed by Tuomo Tervo, Jorma Jalkanen and Kurt Hedstrom, who were students at the Polyteknikkojen Ilmailukerho (PIK) and produced by Lehtovaara.[1][2] Design and developmentThe PIK-16 is constructed from wood, with a fibreglass nose. The {{convert|15.0|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} span wing employs a Wortmann FX-05-168 (14% modification) airfoil at the wing root, transitioning to a NACA 63 (2)-165 at the wing tip. The wing features dive brakes.[1][2][3] A total of 56 PIK-16s were built. The aircraft was not type certified but it did become the second most exported Finnish glider, surpassed only by the later PIK-20 series.[1][2][4] Operational historyThe prototype PIK-16 set a Finnish national record for a {{convert|300|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} triangle course of {{convert|86.6|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} before it had even finished flight testing.[5] The design won the OSTIV prize at the World Gliding Championships held at Junín, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina in 1963, finishing third in the standard class.[1][2] Variants
Prototype with a V-tail.[3][5]
Revised design with a cruciform tail, four built by the Finnish Aeronautical Association at the Jämi Flying School.[3][6]
Third version[3] Aircraft on display
Specifications (Pik-16 Vasama){{Aircraft specs|ref=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde Volume II[7] |prime units?=met |crew=1 |capacity= |length m=5.97 |length ft= |length in= |length note= |span m=15 |span ft= |span in= |span note= |upper span m= |upper span ft= |upper span in= |upper span note= |mid span m= |mid span ft= |mid span in= |mid span note= |lower span m= |lower span ft= |lower span in= |lower span note= |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |swept note= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |dia note= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |width note= |height m=0.9 |height ft= |height in= |height note=at cockpit |wing area sqm=11.7 |wing area sqft= |wing area note= |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |swept area note= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |volume note= |aspect ratio=19.2 |airfoil= Root: Wortmann FX-05-188 (14% mod), tip:NACA 632 615 |empty weight kg=166 |empty weight lb= |empty weight note= |gross weight kg=281 |gross weight lb= |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight kg= |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note= |more general= |max speed kmh= |max speed mph= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kmh=62 |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kmh=250 |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh= |minimum control speed mph= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |g limits=+7 -4 at {{convert|160|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}} |roll rate= |glide ratio=34.5 at {{convert|86|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}} |sink rate ms=0.59 |sink rate ftmin= |sink rate note= at {{convert|73|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}} |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2=24 |wing loading lb/sqft= |wing loading note= |more performance= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |lists=
}} References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url = http://www.sailplanedirectory.com/PlaneDetails.cfm?PlaneID=260|title = PIK-16 Vasama Lehtovaara |accessdate = 10 July 2011|last = Activate Media|authorlink = |year = 2006}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite magazine|last=Said|first=Bob|title=1983 Sailplane Directory|magazine=Soaring Magazine|date=November 1983|page=94|publisher=Soaring Society of America}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url = http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/aircraft.html|title = The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |accessdate = 1 July 2011|last = Lednicer |first = David |authorlink = |year = 2010}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url = http://www.ilmailumuseo.fi/index.php?page=PIK-16c-Vasama|title = PIK 16c Vasama|accessdate = 17 July 2011|last = Finnish Aviation Museum|authorlink = |year = 2009}} 5. ^1 {{cite magazine|title=Sport and Business|magazine=Flight International|date=17 August 1961|page=212|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%201110.html|accessdate=12 April 2013}} 6. ^{{cite magazine|title=Sport and Business|magazine=Flight International|date=23 August 1962|page=280|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%201538.html|accessdate=12 April 2013}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Shenstone|first=B.S.|title=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde Volume II|year=1963|publisher=Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue|location=Zurich|pages=74–75|edition=1st|author2=K.G. Wilkinson |language=English, French, German}}
2 : Finnish sailplanes 1960–1969|PIK aircraft |
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