| 词条 | Leo Schuster |
| 释义 |
Early careerThe son of a cotton merchant, he moved to England in 1808, and in 1820 formed the trading company Leo Schuster, Brothers & Co., cotton merchants based in Manchester, Bradford and Liverpool.[2] Like many German Jews in Northwest England at the time, he converted to Unitarianism.[2] Merchant BankerIn 1855 he moved to London, and formed the merchant bank Schuster Sons & Co. in Cannon Street, City of London. Through this he became involved in financing various railway ventures, and was Chairman of the London and Brighton Railway. As chairman he negotiated the tripartite merger to form the new London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, which he became Deputy Chairman of to his friend Samuel Laing.[2][2] Chairman, LB&SCRAfter Laing retired at the end of 1855 to pursue a political career, Schuster replaced him as chairman of the LB&SCR, instituting a policy of rapidly expanding new routes throughout South London, Sussex, and East Surrey. Some of these routes were financed and built by the company itself, while others were built by independent local companies, set up with the intention of connecting their town to the growing railway network, and with the intention of sale or lease to the LB&SCR. Schuster accelerated the speed of mileage increase after appointing Frederick Banister as the new Chief Engineer in 1860. Resultantly, between 1857 and 1865 a further {{convert|177|mi}} were constructed or authorised.[7] The growth of the LB&SCR came to a halt in 1866 with the collapse of London bankers Overend, Gurney and Company. The subsequent UK financial crisis the following year brought the railway to the brink of bankruptcy.[7] A special meeting of shareholders was adjourned, and the powers of the Board of Directors were suspended pending receipt of a report into the financial affairs of the company and its prospects. The report made clear that the railway had over-extended itself with large capital projects sustained by profits from its passenger traffic, which suddenly declined as a result of the crisis. Several of the country lines were losing money, and resultantly in restructuring the company Schuster was forced to resign in favour of new chairman Peter Northall Lawrie.[3] Crystal PalaceIn the 1850s, Schuster and Laing were both members of a consortium of eight men who bought The Crystal Palace[2] and relocated the building to south London at Sydenham Hill. The consortium persuaded the board of the LB&SCR to build a new {{stnlnk|Crystal Palace}} railway station to service the new location and it opened in 1854.[4] Personal lifeBy his first wife, Emilie, he had a son and a daughter. His elder son Samuel Leo Schuster (11 May 1830 – 23 December 1884)[5] married the eldest daughter of the 5th Earl of Orkney, while his daughter Mariana Emily Schuster married baronet Sir William Dickason Clay and after Clay's death married senior civil servant Arthur Haliburton, 1st Baron Haliburton. By his second marriage to Mary Howard in 1845 he had two more daughters and a second son, Leo Francis Howard Schuster (1852-1927), a music-lover and patron of the arts. He was also the uncle of Sir Felix Schuster, banker and financier, and Sir Francis Schuster.[2] On his death, his estate was valued at over £500,000, making him one of the most successful merchants of his time.[6] References1. ^Money-Market & City Intelligence. The Times , Tuesday, 28 Feb 1871; pg. 10; Issue 26998 {{DEFAULTSORT:Schuster, Leo}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Turner, John Howard|date=1977|title=The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 1 Origins and Formation|publisher=Batsford|ISBN=071340275X}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Turner, John Howard|date=1978|title=The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 2 Establishment and Growth|publisher=Batsford|ISBN=0713411988}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=John McKean|title=Crystal Palace: Joseph Paxton & Charles Fox|publisher=Phaidon Press, London|date=1994|ASIN=B00481UFG6}} 5. ^ALFRED PARSONS, Deceased.--Pursuant to. The Times, Wednesday, 25 Feb 1885; pg. 3; Issue 31379 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|title=The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History|editor1=William D. Rubinstein |editor2=Michael Jolles |editor3=Hilary L. Rubinstein |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|date=22 Feb 2011|ISBN=1403939101}} 12 : German Jews|English people of German-Jewish descent|German businesspeople|German emigrants to England|English Jews|English businesspeople|English bankers|London, Brighton and South Coast Railway people|Converts to Unitarianism|English Unitarians|1791 births|1871 deaths |
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