| 词条 | Le Pont de l'Europe | ||||
| 释义 |
| image_file=Caillebotte-PontdeL'Europe-Geneva.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=300px | title=Le Pont de l'Europe | other_language_1=English | other_title_1=The Europe Bridge | artist=Gustave Caillebotte | year=1876 | medium=Oil on canvas | height_metric=125 | width_metric=181 | height_imperial= | width_imperial= | metric_unit=cm | imperial_unit=in | city=Geneva | museum={{ill|Musée du Petit Palais, Geneva|lt=Musée du Petit Palais|fr|Petit Palais (Genève)}} }} Le Pont de l'Europe (English title: The Europe Bridge) is an oil painting by French impressionist Gustave Caillebotte completed in 1876. It is held by the {{ill|Musée du Petit Palais, Geneva|lt=Musée du Petit Palais|fr|Petit Palais (Genève)}} in Geneva, Switzerland. The finished canvas measures {{convert|125|x|181|cm|in}}.{{sfn|Varnedoe|2002|p=72}} DescriptionThe image shows pedestrians in the {{ill|Place de l'Europe|fr}} in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. The plaza is a large bridge joining six avenues, each named for a European capital, over the railroad yards at Gare Saint-Lazare. The view is from the {{ill|rue de Vienne|fr}}, looking towards the center of the plaza.{{sfn|Varnedoe|2002|p=9}} One of the bridge's trusses is very prominent, visible in half of the image. Three individuals are seen in the foreground: a couple walking toward the observer, and a working-class man peering off the bridge toward the train station. A dog walks away from the observer, and other individuals appear in the mid-background. The man of the couple is a flâneur, an upper-class street observer. He is strolling with a woman dressed in black. She has often been interpreted to be a prostitute, according to contemporary social norms regarding women in public, especially in the area of the train station.{{sfn|Rubin|2003|p=103}} Alternatively, the man has been thought to be Caillebotte himself, and the woman to be Caillebotte's companion, Anne-Marie Hagen.[1] The flâneur is looking past his companion in the direction of the other man. Feminist art historian Norma Broude has suggested that Caillebotte, a lifelong bachelor, is signalling his own homosexuality with this gaze. In this reading, Caillebotte is an upper-class man cruising for a lower-class male prostitute in this unsavory neighborhood of Paris.{{sfn|Broude|2002|p=130}} However, Caillebotte's sexual orientation is not definitively known.{{sfn|Langford|2007|p=173}} Caillebotte displayed this image at the impressionist exhibition of 1877, alongside his Rue de Paris, temps de pluie and Claude Monet's {{ill|Le Pont de l'Europe, Gare Saint-Lazare|nl|Le Pont de l'Europe (Monet)}}, which gives an alternate view of the bridge.{{sfn|Herbert|1991|p=24}} Caillebotte, as in many of his works, employs perspective. The vanishing point is located behind the head of the man, which is far to the side of the picture, creating oblique perspective.{{sfn|Varnedoe|2002|p=31}} Caillebotte was influenced by Japanese art, especially the work of Hiroshige, and by photography, then a burgeoning artistic field.{{sfn|Varnedoe|2002|p=24}} In turn, this painted composition may have been an influence in photographer Jeff Wall's work from 1982, Mimic, which features similar exaggerated perspective and class tension between the three similarly situated characters.{{sfn|Langford|2007|p=172}} GalleryNotes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/gustave-caillebotte-la-femme-a-la-rose-5616237-details.aspx|title=Lot notes, La femme à la rose|publisher=Christies.com|date=8 November 2012|accessdate=3 March 2013}} 2. ^Musee des beaux-arts Rennes: Collections References{{refbegin|60em}}
5 : Paintings by Gustave Caillebotte|1876 paintings|Paintings in Geneva|Dogs in art|Bridges in art |
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