“Sembawang”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sembawang is a planning area and residential town located the North Region of Singapore. Sembawang planning area is bordered by Simpang to the east, Mandai to the south, Yishun to the southeast, Woodlands to the west and the Straits of Johor to the north.

Despite the relatively large development in the Sembawang New Town, the area remains largely suburban, with military, industrial and recreational facilities at its periphery. It hosted a major naval base and port facilities since the early 20th century, and continues to handle regular shipping traffic today along its wharves.

Etymology

The earliest reference to Sembawang is found in Franklin and Jackson's 1830 Map of Singapore, which refers to the River Tambuwang. The place is said to have got its name from the Sembawang tree, (Kayae ferruginea), which has been renamed Mesua ferruginea from 1980. This tree can be seen at Sembawang Park.^[4]

History

The Sembawang area in the early twentieth century was the site of the Nee Soon Rubber estate. During the colonial times, Sembawang was home to a major British naval base, its construction of which began in 1928 and was completed in 1938.^[5] The base included dockyards, wharves and workshops, as well as supporting administrative, residential and commercial areas. The Naval Base has since been handed over to the Singapore government, which in 1968 converted it into a commercial dockyard (as Sembawang Shipyard, now part of Singapore Exchange-listed SembCorp Marine) that went on to become SembCorp, a major state-owned industrial conglomerate.

Military

The completion of Royal Navy's Singapore Naval Base (also known as HMS Sembawang) in 1938 and RAF Sembawang (also known as HMS Simbang) in March 1940 marked the start of military presence in Sembawang. In February 1942, both bases were partially torched and wrecked by the retreating British forces during the Battle of Singapore to deny their use by units of the advancing Imperial Japanese Army. After the end of World War II in 1945, both bases were reverted to British control and would eventually go on to play an important part in Britain's continued military presence in the Far East (along with the three other RAF bases in Singapore: RAF Changi, RAF Seletar and RAF Tengah) during the critical period of Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), the Brunei Revolt in 1962 and during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (1962–1966).

Despite the withdrawal of British forces from Singapore in 1971 and the handover of the Singapore Naval Base to the Singapore Government in 1968, the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) continues to maintain a small logistics base at Sembawang wharf to control most of the foreign military activities there, which includes repair, refuel and resupply for ships of the Australian, British and New Zealand navies as well as those from other Commonwealth countries under the auspices of Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA).^[6] This special arrangement was also extended to the United States Navy since early 1960s to support the American involvement in the Vietnam War.^[6]{{dead link|date=July 2013}}

As part of a 1990 agreement between Singapore and the United States, American military forces (primarily naval and air force) have been making use of Sembawang's base facilities. The Task Force 73 (and Commander Logistic Group Western Pacific), part of US 7th Fleet, has been headquartered in Sembawang since 1992.^[7]

Sembawang Camp

The Sembawang Camp is a Singapore Armed Forces military base on Admiralty Road, open only to military personnel on official business. The camp houses the 1st and 3rd Transport Battalion of the Singapore Army, as well as the Republic of Singapore Navy's Naval Diving Unit (NDU). Also, the compound housing the Naval Diving Unit was previously known as Terror Camp in deference to the old admin and Officers club section of the Royal Naval facility which was called HMS Terror.

Land reclamation

Extensive land reclamation throughout Singapore has left Sembawang with one of the country's last natural beaches,^[8]^[9] the Wak Hassan Beach located at Sembawang Park. Today, the vegetable farms, rubber plantations and Chinese graveyards surrounding the former naval base have given way to modern housing, especially in the 1990s during the development of a New Town by the Singapore Housing and Development Board. The town remains a major port, with Sembawang Wharves handling a high volume of bulk commodities cargo, such as timber and rubber.^[10]

Roads and waterways

Sembawang Road is one of the key roads built to connect the naval base to the city centre in the South. This road began as a track in the 1920s and was officially named Sembawang Road in 1938. Buses operated by various private companies were then the main mode of transport. The thoroughfare was also dotted with many villages along its length: Chye Kay Village, Sungei Simpang Village, Chong Pang Village, Sembawang Village. Most of these villages were cleared during the 1970s{{ndash}}1990s to make way for Yishun and Sembawang New Towns. The last of the villages, Kampong Wak Hassan, was cleared in 1998. Present day Sembawang Road is a major arterial road linking the Northern and Central portion of Singapore.

Many other roads in Sembawang are named after various Royal Navy dockyards, warships, admirals, countries and cities. Examples include Wellington, Canberra, Canada, Gibraltar, Kenya and Falkland. These names were given during the previous British administration, and reflect the town's history as a British naval base.

The main river running through Sembawang, the {{convert|4|km|adj=on}} long Sungei Sembawang, flowed along a winding route and ended to the west of Sembawang Shipyard. Its middle section was diverted in the 1920s to provide the land needed for the British Naval Base. During the 1970s, the Northern portions of the river was straightened and canalized. The Southern portions of the river, which consisted of mangroves, ponds and grassland, was filled in during the 1990s in preparation for the development of Sembawang New Town.

Modern history

The planning of Sembawang New Town started in 1996 where the Woodlands MRT Extension was opened, and Sembawang MRT Station was also opened at the same time. When the station was opened, the area was undeveloped except the Canberra Road and the then-developing Sembawang New Town. This was resolved in 1998 because of the accelerating development of Sembawang New Town, which was completed in 2004. These HDB flats were within Sembawang, Canberra and Gambas division.^[11]

Main facilities

The new town contains some of the most common communal facilities found in Singapore, such as:

Notable Places

Sembawang Park

Sembawang Park Connector

The [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611115315/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/park_connectors_9.asp Sembwang Park Connector] is part of the Park Connector Network managed by the National Parks Board. As their name imply, these connectors aim to form a continuous loop which would hopefully connect all the major parks within Singapore. The Sembawang Park Connector runs parallel to Sungei Sembawang, a canal which serves as the demarcation between Woodlands and Sembawang New Towns.

Simpang Kiri Park Connector

The [https://web.archive.org/web/20080605181241/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/park_connectors_12.asp Simpang Kiri Park Connector] demarcates the Southern border of Sembawang New Town, starting from the southernmost tip of Canberra Link and terminating at Jalan Mempurong. It follows the river Sungei Simpang Kiri which is 5-kilometres long.

Sembawang Hot Spring

The Sembawang Hot Spring, discovered in 1909, is located near the junction of Sembawang Road and Gambas Avenue, on Jalan Ulu Sembawang. It is Singapore mainland's only natural hot spring and was once bottled for sale under the label Seletaris by Fraser and Neave, a food and beverage company. Located on land used by the Ministry of Defence, improvement works were carried out in the area surrounding the spring and it was re-opened to the public on 1 May 2002.

References

1. ^¹City Population - statistics, maps and charts | Sembawang
2. ^¹HDB Key Statistics FY 2014/2015 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304145846/http://www10.hdb.gov.sg/ebook/ar2015/html5/index.html?opf=tablet%2FKey%20Statistics.xml |date=4 March 2016 }}
3. ^{{cite website|url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/latest-data|title=Statistics Singapore - Geographic Distribution - 2018 Latest Data|accessdate=February 11, 2019}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hdb.gov.sg/cs/infoweb/about-us/history/hdb-towns-your-home/sembawang|title=Sembawang - Housing & Development Board (HDB)|website=www.hdb.gov.sg|language=en|access-date=2018-05-13}}
5. ^Singapore. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–07 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502162040/http://www.bartleby.com/65/si/Singapor.html |date=2 May 2009 }}
6. ^¹
7. ^Global Security article on the US military in Singapore
8. ^Singapore finds it hard to expand without sand
9. ^Ruminations: A trip to Sembawang {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218082417/http://www.jeremybwilliams.net/ruminations/archives/000191.html |date=18 February 2009 }}
10. ^Singapore – Sea
11. ^Sembawang GRC map
12. ^Birds of Sembawang