| 词条 | Semipalmated sandpiper |
| 释义 |
| image = Calidris-pusilla-001.jpg | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Calidris pusilla | authority = (Linnaeus, 1766) | synonyms = *Tringa pusilla {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}
| range_map = Calidris pusilla map.svg }} The semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) is a very small shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific pusilla is Latin for "very small".[2] It is sometimes separated with other "stints" in Erolia, but, although these apparently form a monophyletic group, the present species' old genus Ereunetes had been proposed before Erolia. DescriptionIt is a small sandpiper, 13–15 cm (5.1-5.9 in) long and weighing around 20-32 g (0.7-1.1 oz).[3] Adults have black legs and a short, stout, straight dark bill. The body is dark grey-brown on top and white underneath. The head and neck are tinged light grey-brown. This bird can be difficult to distinguish from other similar tiny shorebirds, in particular the western sandpiper; these are known collectively as "peeps" or "stints". Breeding and habitatTheir breeding habitat is the southern tundra in Canada and Alaska near water. They nest on the ground. The male makes several shallow scrapes; the female chooses one and adds grass and other material to line the nest. The female lays 4 eggs; the male assists in incubation. After a few days, the female leaves the young with the male; the young feed themselves. These birds forage on mudflats, picking up food by sight and feel (bill). They mainly eat aquatic insects and crustaceans. Status and migrationThey are long distance migrants and winter in coastal South America, with some going to the southern United States. They migrate in flocks which can number in the hundreds of thousands, particularly in favoured feeding locations such as the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay. This species is a rare but regular vagrant to western Europe. Although very numerous, these birds are highly dependent on a few key stopover habitats during their migration, notably Mary's Point and Johnson's Mills along Shepody Bay, an arm of the Bay of Fundy.[4] During the months of July and August, the Nature Conservancy of Canada runs an information center about these shorebirds in Johnson's Mills, New Brunswick.[5] {{listen|filename=Calidris pusilla.ogg|title=Semipalmated sandpiper call|description=Long Island, NY, April 2004. By Tony Phillip.}}==References== 1. ^{{IUCN|id=22693373 |title=Calidris pusilla |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=84, 325}} 3. ^{{cite web|author=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|title=Semipalmated Sandpiper|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Semipalmated_Sandpiper/lifehistory|website=All About Birds|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=3 August 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ec.gc.ca/ap-pa/default.asp?lang=En&n=263DB5D8-1|title=Shepody National Wildlife Area|author= |date= |accessdate=29 April 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.natureconservancy.ca/en/where-we-work/new-brunswick/featured-projects/johnsons_mills.html#.Us6zpGRDuxw|title= NCC: Johnson's Mills Shorebird Reserve and Interpretive Centre|author= |date= |publisher= Nature Conservancy Canada|accessdate=9 January 2014}} Further readingIdentification
External links{{Commons category|Calidris pusilla|Semipalmated sandpiper}}{{Wikispecies|Calidris pusilla}}
7 : Native birds of Alaska|Birds of Canada|Calidris|Erolia|Sandpipers|Migratory birds (Western Hemisphere)|Birds described in 1766 |
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