词条 | Liebermann reagent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The Liebermann reagent named after Hungarian chemist Leo Liebermann (1852-1926) is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of potassium nitrite and concentrated sulfuric acid.[1][2] 1g of potassium nitrite is used for every 10 mL of sulfuric acid.[3] Potassium nitrite may also be substituted by sodium nitrite.[4][5] It is used to test for cocaine, morphine, PMA and PMMA. The test is performed by scraping off a small amount of the substance and adding a drop of the reagent (which is initially clear and colorless). The results are analyzed by viewing the color of the resulting mixture, and by the time taken for the change in color to become apparent.
See also
References1. ^{{cite book | last1 = Horowitz | first1 = Benjamin | title = A Study of the Action of Ammonia on Thymol | publisher = Bibliolife | year = 2009 | pages = 26 | url = http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/benjamin-harrow/a-study-of-the-action-of-ammonia-on-thymol--ala/page-2-a-study-of-the-action-of-ammonia-on-thymol--ala.shtml | accessdate= 2012-01-25 | isbn = 978-1-110-61089-1 | quote = Since his day the Liebermann reagent (6% potassium nitrite in conc. sulfuric acid) has been extensively used. }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book | last1 = Bell | first1 = Suzanne | title = Dictionary of Forensic Science (Facts on File Science Dictionary) (Facts on File Science Dictionary Series.) | publisher = Facts on File Inc | date = 30 Jun 2004 | pages = 142 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x0kmY7Bj1zYC&lpg=PA142&dq=%22potassium%20nitrite%22%20sulphuric%20liebermann&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=liebermann&f=false | accessdate= 2012-01-25 | isbn = 978-0-8160-5131-1 }} 3. ^{{cite book | last1 = Brittain | first1 = Harry G. | last2 = McLeish | first2 = Michael J | title = Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients | volume = 25 | publisher = Academic Press | date = 20 Mar 1998 | pages = 106 | isbn = 978-0-12-260825-4}} 4. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/Police/DC_Technical_Manual_100114.pdf | quote = Liebermann Reagent: Carefully add 5 g sodium nitrite to 50 mL sulfuric acid with cooling and swirling.}}{{dead link|date=March 2019}} 5. ^{{cite book| title=Drugs and Poisons in Humans: A Handbook of Practical Analysis|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HGWi4MB1qiUC&pg=PA666&lpg=PA666&dq=%22liebermann%22+reagent+mda&source=bl&ots=iWINs65eU6&sig=9ix-EvRvcZwLJ7O46niC-xUvGLQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AdjNVO_mLJScyQSFlYKwBA&ved=0CI4BEOgBMBI#v=onepage&q=%22liebermann%22%20reagent%20mda&f=false | quote = Liebermann's reagent: 2 g of sodium nitrate is dissolved in 20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid.}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book | last1 = EMCDDA | title = EMCDDA Risk Assessment: Report on the Risk Assessment of PMMA in the Framework of the Joint Action on New Synthetic Drugs | publisher = Dictus Publishing | date = 30 Mar 2011 | pages = 54 | url = http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index33349EN.html | accessdate = 2012-01-25 | isbn = 978-3-8433-2695-7}} 7. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.csiforensic.com/m7/%237-0958--nark-ii-narcotics-test-nark20031-liebermann-reagent.html | title=NARK® II Narcotics Test - NARK20031 - Liebermann Reagent - Meth/Morphine | accessdate=11 December 2015}} 8. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kamakura H, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y | title = Analytical Data of Designated Substances Controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, Part II: Color Test and TLC | journal = Yakugaku Zasshi | volume = 128 | issue = 6 | pages = 981–7 | year = 2008 | format=PDF | url = https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/yakushi/128/6/128_6_981/_pdf }} 9. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.reagent-tests.uk/blog/4-fa-reaction-colour-results-with-liebermann-and-froehde-reagent-test-kits/ | title=4-FA reaction colour results with liebermann and froehde reagent test kits | publisher=Reagent Tests UK | date=3 January 2016 | accessdate=29 February 2016}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite journal |vauthors=Toole KE, Fu S, Shimmon RG, Kraymen N | title = Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone | journal = Microgram Journal | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–32 | year = 2012 | url = http://www.justice.gov/dea/pr/microgram-journals/2012/mj9-1_27-32.pdf}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 {{cite web|title=Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse|url=https://www.nist.gov/oles/upload/Color-Tests-and-Analytical-Difficulties-with-Emerging-Drugs-Morris.pdf|work=Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory|accessdate=2013-07-16|format=PDF|year=2012}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=Rapid Testing Methods of Drugs of Abuse|url=http://www.unodc.org/pdf/publications/st-nar-13-rev1.pdf|work=United Nations International Drug Control Programme|accessdate=2013-07-16|format=PDF|year=2012}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/512598-Marquis-Mecke-Mandellin-results-for-stim-empathogen-2C-X-RC-s-amp-more?p=13011323&viewfull=1#post13011323|title=Marquis/Mecke/Mandellin results for stim/empathogen/2C-X, RC's & more - Page 10|website=www.bluelight.org|access-date=2016-08-25}} External links 3 : Chemical tests|Analytical reagents|Drug testing reagents |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。