| 词条 | Lifeboat Monument, St Annes |
| 释义 |
| monument_name = Lifeboat Monument, St Annes | image = St Annes Lifeboat Memorial.jpg | caption = | location = South Promenade, St Annes, Lancashire, England | coordinates = {{coord|53.74898|-3.03381|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | designer = W. B. Rhind | type = | material = Sandstone on an ashlar plinth | length = | width = | height = | begin = | complete = | open = 23 May 1888 | dedicated_to = | map_image = United Kingdom Lytham St Annes | map_text = Location within Lytham St Annes | map_width = | relief = | extra = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Grade II Listed Building | designation1_offname = Lifeboat monument approximately 100 metres south east of St Annes Pier | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = 15 February 1993 | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = {{National Heritage List for England|num=1196340|short=y|ps=none}} }} }} The Lifeboat Monument, St Annes, stands on South Promenade, St Annes, Fylde, Lancashire, England. It commemorates the death of 27 lifeboatmen from St Annes and Southport who were lost in the attempt to rescue the crew of the German barque Mexico that had been driven into a sandbank in a gale in 1886. The monument depicts a lifeboatman looking out to sea and standing on a rock-like plinth. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. HistoryIn a severe gale on 9 December 1886, the Mexico, a German barque, was driven on to the Horse Bank, a sandbank off Ainsdale, near Southport. Three lifeboats were launched to come to her rescue, Laura Janet from St Annes, Eliza Fernley from Southport, and Charles Biggs from Lytham. The crew from the Mexico were rescued by the Lytham lifeboat, but the other two lifeboats capsized. All thirteen of the crew of the St Annes lifeboat were lost, and only two of the sixteen members of the Southport lifeboat crew survived. It was the worst disaster in the history of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.{{sfn|PastScape (951889)|ps=}} Following the disaster, John Unwin, the mayor of Southport, set up a Disaster Fund, which raised £31,000. Most of this was used to help the dependants of the men lost, but in January 1887 the Fund allowed each of the three local committees a sum of £200 to erect monuments to commemorate the disaster. The St Annes committee commissioned W. B. Rhind to design a monument.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|pp=199–200|ps=}} This was unveiled on St Annes Promenade on 23 May 1888 by John Talbot Clifton.{{sfn|Lancashire Lantern|ps=}} DescriptionThe monument is constructed in sandstone. It has an ashlar tapering plinth approximately {{convert|2|m|ftin}} square and {{convert|2|m|ftin}} high. On the plinth is a pedestal with the appearance of a rock, about {{convert|3|m|ftin}} high. Standing on the pedestal is a larger than life-size figure of a lifeboatman.{{sfnp|Historic England|1196340|ps=}} The lifeboatman looks out to sea.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|p=199|ps=}} On the south side of the monument is a panel inscribed with the names of those who were lost.{{sfnp|Historic England|1196340|ps=}} Underneath the names is the following inscription:{{sfn|East Lancs Memorials|ps=}} {{Quotation|{{center|{{resize|90%|THE CREW OF THE ST ANNES LIFEBOAT WHO LOST THEIR LIVES IN A GALLANT ATTEMPT TO RESCUE THE CREW OF THE GERMAN BARQUE "MEXICO" WRECKED OFF SOUTHPORT ON THE NIGHT OF THE 9TH DECEMBER 1886}}}}}} AppraisalThe memorial was designated as a Grade II listed building on 15 February 1993.{{sfnp|Historic England|1196340|ps=}} Grade II is the lowest of the three grades of listing and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".{{sfn|Historic England|ps=}} Related monumentsThree other memorials were commissioned to commemorate the event, two in Southport and one in Lytham, all of which are designated at Grade II. In Southport Cemetery is the Lifeboat Memorial,{{sfnp|Historic England|1379580|ps=}} which is in the form of a tomb chest, and on the Promenade is the Monumental Obelisk, which commemorates other events in addition to the lifeboat disaster.{{sfnp|Historic England|1379732|ps=}} The Lytham Memorial stands in the churchyard of St Cuthbert's Church and has the form of a pinnacled tabernacle.{{sfnp|Historic England|1297684|ps=}} See also{{portal|Lancashire}}
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6 : Grade II listed buildings in Lancashire|Buildings and structures completed in 1888|Monuments and memorials in Lancashire|Lytham St Annes|Grade II listed monuments and memorials|Buildings and structures in the Borough of Fylde |
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