| 词条 | Liffey River (Tasmania) |
| 释义 |
| name = Liffey | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = River Liffey, Ireland | image = Liffey Falls, Liffey, Tasmania.jpg | image_size = 280 | image_caption = Liffey Falls in the upper river | map = | map_size = 280 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Australia Tasmania | pushpin_map_size = 280 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Liffey River mouth in Tasmania | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Australia | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Tasmania | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|52.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Carrick2004–2011 average flow[1] | discharge1_min = {{convert|0|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}[1] | discharge1_avg = {{convert|2.05|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}2004–2011 average flow[1] | discharge1_max = {{convert|171.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}13 Aug 2005 peak hourly flow[1] | source1 = Great Western Tiers | source1_location = Dry Bluff | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1210|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = Meander River | mouth_location = near {{TAScity|Carrick}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|41|30|S|147|02|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|134|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Tamar River system | basin_size = {{convert|224|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Nature reserve | custom_data = Liffey Valley Reserve | extra = }} The Liffey River is a river in Northern Tasmania, Australia. Route and catchment areaIt flows from Projection Bluff on the north side of Dry's Bluff in the Great Western Tiers to the Meander River near Carrick,[2] and is one of its main tributaries. The Liffey has a modern catchment area of {{convert|224|sqkm|sqmi|0}} which has been modified by human activity, specifically diversion for irrigation.[3]{{rp|14}} Flow is highly seasonal with the largest average monthly flows from July to September.[3]{{rp|15,24}} The flow, and effective catchment area, are affected by irrigation diversion. Excess flow from the Cressy-Longford irrigation scheme is diverted into the river increasing summer flow in the river's lower reaches.[3]{{rp|25}} This irrigation diversion originates at the Poatina Hydroelectric Power Station's tailrace and enters the river near Bracknell. Though the upper hills are known for their cool temperate rainforest, land along most of the river's length is used for agriculture.[4] Water quality in the lower reaches is affected by agricultural run-off and for a small length by discharge from a sewerage plant at Carrick. The plant, which also handles sewerage from nearby Hadspen, discharges treated waste-water into a tributary of the Liffey.[5] The river was originally known as Tellerpangger by the aboriginal inhabitants of the area, the Panninher clan of the North Midlands Nation. Upon British occupation it was renamed Penny Royal Creek, after a plant that grew profusely on its banks, and the Panninher became known as the Pennyroyal Creek Tribe.[6] William Bryan, an early settler in Carrick, used his influence to rename the river during the early 19th century, after the River Liffey in his homeland Ireland.[7] BridgesThe Liffey River—then called Pennyroyal Creek—was first bridged at Carrick in 1828 with a simple log structure.[8] This was replaced in the 1830s with a more substantial bridge, though still wooden.[9] Liffey bridge was repaired and raised in the mid-1860s, keeping the original foundations. In May 1875 water sufficiently eroded these foundations to lead to the bridge's collapse, when one of the two supporting piles (logs) gave way.[10] All of the Liffey bridges, and the connecting parts of the road, were subject to inundation when the river flooded; the 1929 Tasmanian Floods carried the bridge away.[11] In the 1950s the road was reconstructed and the bridge again replaced. To reduce the incidence and impact of flooding both were raised substantially leaving the nearby Carrick Mill's ground floor far below the road level.[12] Flora and faunaThe upper river is surrounded by cool temperate rainforest.[13] The Liffey is fished for brown trout (Salmo trutta)[14] during the August to April fishing season.[15] Trout were first introduced into the river in 1870, near the same time there were releases in the Meander River.[16] Trout were again released into the river by the fisheries commission in 1940,[17] and by 1949 specimens of up to {{convert|11|lb|kg|0}} had been caught in the river's upper reaches.[6] Apart from introduced brown trout the Liffey River is home to platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Platypus in the river have, in common with in other rivers nearby, been found with the potentially lethal fungal infection Mucor amphiborum.[18] See also{{stack|{{portal|Tasmania|Environment|Water}}}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://water.dpiw.tas.gov.au/wist|title=LIFFEY RIVER AT CARRICK (Meander) - Station No. 164, hourly averages of stream flow|publisher=Department of Primary Industries and Water|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121128182454/http://water.dpiw.tas.gov.au/wist|archivedate=2012-11-28|df=}} {{Rivers of Tasmania |state=autocollapse}}2. ^{{cite book|title=Bailliere's Tasmanian gazetteer and road quide : containing the most recent and accurate information as to every place in the colony |year=1877 |last=Whitworth |first=Robert |location=Hobart |publisher=F. F. Bailliere |page=61}} 3. ^1 2 {{citation |title=South Esk Basin State of Rivers Report|author1=Bobbi, Chris |author2=Fuller, David |author3=Oldmeadow, David|year=1996|publisher=Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries|location=Hobart|ISSN=1448-1626}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Waterways Monitoring report, Meander Catchment|accessdate=20 May 2012|publisher=Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment|url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/attachments/jmuy-6bz9az/$file/meander_report_04.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.economicregulator.tas.gov.au/domino/otter.nsf/LookupFiles/114730_Ben_Lomond_Water_Wastewater_Treatment_Plants_Level_2_Secondary_111107.pdf/$file/114730_Ben_Lomond_Water_Wastewater_Treatment_Plants_Level_2_Secondary_111107.pdf|title=Ben Lomond Water Price and Service Plan 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2015, Attachment 4|accessdate=12 May 2012|date=November 2007|publisher=Office of the Tasmanian Economic Regulator}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|work=The Mercury|date=15 January 1949|page=11|title=Variety in the Liffey|author=Peregrine|location=Hobart|publisher=Davies Brothers Ltd}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=Hagley |year=1985 |publisher=Birchalls |location=Launceston |last=Scott |first=E. G |isbn=0-949457-05-1 |page=4}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=In the blink of an eye |last=Greenhill |first=Virginia |publisher=Westbury Historical Society |location=Westbury |year=2002 |page=8}} 9. ^{{cite news|work=Launceston Examiner|title=Entally Bridge—Tenders|date=2 April 1842|page=1|location=Launceston}} 10. ^{{cite news|work=Launceston Examiner|date=18 May 1875|title=Carrick|page=2|location=Launceston}} 11. ^{{cite news|work=The Examiner|date=10 April 1929|page=7|title=Magnificent State and Mainland Response to Flood Fund Appeal|location=Launceston}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Water under the bridge|last=Stevenson|first=Beryl|isbn=0-646-24162-1|publisher=B. Stevenson|location=Carrick|year=1995 |page=20}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/webpages/bhan-54744c|title=Tasmania's Cool Temperate Rainforest|accessdate=21 May 2012|publisher=Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment|date=13 November 2009}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.jetstarmag.com/story/on-the-trail-of-the-trout/1116/1/ |last=Weigall |first=Philip |work=Jetstar Magazine |date=October 2010 |publisher=Ink Publishing |title=On the trail of the trout |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010215218/http://www.jetstarmag.com/story/on-the-trail-of-the-trout/1116/1/ |archivedate=2010-10-10 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ifs.tas.gov.au/ifs/goingfishing/regulations/open-dates-and-times|title=Open Dates and Times|publisher=Inland Fisheries Tasmania|date=4 July 2006|accessdate=12 May 2012}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Meander Valley Heritage Study, Stage 1: Thematic History|date=October 2004|publisher=Meander Valley Council|last2=Terry|first2=Ian|last1=Evans |first1=Kathryn |page=79}} 17. ^The Mercury, Brown Trout Liberated, Tuesday 9 April 1940, page 6 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://tasmaniantimes.com/index.php/article/the-insidious-invasion-of-bioterror|title=The insidious invasion of Bioterror|date=27 September 2006|accessdate=12 May 2012|last=Obendorf|first=David|publisher=Tasmanian Times}} 2 : Rivers of Tasmania|Northern Tasmania |
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