| 词条 | Lilli Henoch |
| 释义 |
| headercolor = | name = Lilli Henoch | image = Stolperstein Treuchtlinger Str 5 (Schöb) Lilli Henoch.jpg | image_size = | caption = Stolperstein in front of house at Treuchtlinger Straße 5, Berlin-Schöneberg | birth_name = | fullname = | nickname = | nationality = German | residence = | birth_date = 26 October 1899 | birth_place = Königsberg, East Prussia (Germany) | death_date = September 1942 | death_place = Riga Ghetto, Latvia | height = | weight = | website = | country = | sport = Track and field | event = Discus, long jump, shot put, 4 × 100 meters relay | collegeteam = | club = Berlin Sports Club; Bar Kochba Berlin | team = | turnedpro = | coach = | retired = | coaching = | worlds = | regionals = | nationals =
| olympics = | paralympics = | highestranking =
| pb = | medaltemplates = | show-medals = }}Lilli Henoch (26 October 1899 – September 1942) was a German track and field athlete who set four world records and won 10 German national championships, in four different disciplines.[1][2] Henoch set world records in the discus (twice), the shot put, and the 4 × 100 meters relay events. She also won German national championships in the shot put four times, the 4 × 100 meters relay three times, the discus twice, and the long jump. She was Jewish, and during the Holocaust she and her mother were deported and machine-gunned to death by the Nazis.[3] Early lifeHenoch was Jewish, and was born in Königsberg, East Prussia (Germany).[1][3][4][5] Her father, a businessman, died in 1912.[5] She and her family moved to Berlin, and her mother subsequently remarried.[5] Track and field careerHenoch set world records in the discus, shot put, and—with her teammates—4 × 100 meters relay events.[1] Between 1922 and 1926, she won 10 German national championships: in shot put, 1922–25; discus, 1923 and 1924; long jump, 1924; and 4 × 100 meters relay, 1924–26.[1][3] After World War I, Henoch joined the Berlin Sports Club (BSC), which was approximately one quarter Jewish.[5] She missed a chance to compete in the 1924 Summer Olympics, because Germany was not allowed to participate in the Games after World War I.[6][7] In 1924, she trained the women's section in Bar Kochba Berlin.[5] She was a member of the BSC hockey team, which won the Berlin Hockey Championship in 1925.[5] DiscusShe set a world record in discus on 1 October 1922, with a distance of 24.90 meters.[1][3] She bettered this on 8 July 1923, with a throw of 26.62 meters.[1][3] She won the German national championship in discus in 1923 and 1924, and won the silver medal in 1925.[1][3][8] Long jumpIn 1924, Henoch won the German Long Jump Championship, having won the bronze medal in the event the prior year.[5][9] Shot putOn 16 August 1925 Henoch set a world shot put record with a throw of 11.57 meters.[1][3] She won the German national championship in shot put in 1922–25, and won the silver medal in 1921 and 1926.[1][3][10] 4 × 100 meters relayIn 1926, she ran the first leg on a 4 × 100 meters relay world record—50.40 seconds—in Cologne, breaking the prior record that had stood for 1,421 days by a full second.[1][3][5][11] She won the German national championship in the 4 × 100 meters relay in 1924–26.[1][3] 100 meter dashIn 1924, she won the silver medal at 100 meters in the German national championships.[12] Post-Nazi-rise disruption of careerAfter Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Henoch and all other Jews were forced to leave the membership of the BSC, by the Nazi's new race laws.[5][13] She then joined the Jüdischer Turn-und Sportclub 1905 (Jewish Gymnastics and Sports Club 1905), which was limited to Jews, for which she played team handball and was a trainer.[5][13][43] She also became a gymnastics teacher at a Jewish elementary school.[14] Because she was Jewish, the German government did not allow her to participate in the 1936 Summer Olympics.[6] KillingThe Nazi German government deported Henoch, her 66-year-old mother, and her brother to the Riga Ghetto in Nazi Germany-occupied Latvia on 5 September 1942, during World War II.[1][6][7][13][15] She and her mother were taken from the ghetto and machine-gunned to death by an Einsatzgruppen mobile killing unit in September 1942, along with a large number of other Jews taken from the ghetto. They were all buried in a mass grave near Riga, Latvia.[1][2][6][3][16] Her brother disappeared, without a trace.[13] Hall of Fame and commemorationHenoch was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.[1][17] In 2008, a Stolperstein was installed in her honor in front of her former residence in Berlin.[13] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web|url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/LilliHenoch.htm |title=Lilli Henoch |publisher=International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.germanroadraces.de/274-1-10776-forgotten-records-exhibition-on-jewish-sports.html |title="Forgotten Records" – Exhibition on Jewish sports in track and field in the 1920s and 1930s |publisher=German Road Races – Ansicht |date=19 June 2009 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Qpiphgls99IC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=Lilli+Henoch+jewish#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame |author=Joseph M. Siegman |publisher= SP Books |isbn=978-1-56171-028-7|year=1992 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=aOTWUl-9LQoC&pg=PA300&lpg=PA300&dq=Lilli+Henoch+jewish#v=onepage&q=henoch&f=false |title=Day by day in Jewish sports history |author=Bob Wechsler |publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60280-013-7 |year=2008 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH1999/JSH2602/jsh2602e.pdf |author=Gertrud Pfister and Toni Niewirth|title=Jewish Women in Gymnastics and Sport in Germany; 1898–1938|volume=26 |number=2 |work=Journal of Sport History |date=Summer 1999 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=t0KzECrIQDQC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=Lilli+Henoch+jewish#v=onepage&q=henoch&f=false |title=Jews and the Olympic Games: the clash between sport and politics: with a complete review of Jewish Olympic medalists |author=Paul Taylor |isbn=978-1-903900-88-8|publisher= Sussex Academic Press|year= 2004|accessdate=2 November 2011}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005680 |title=The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936 | The Holocaust; Persecution of Athletes |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |accessdate=8 April 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&twu=1&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/94.html&usg=ALkJrhjBJaCa4_OXj1lbo-RQ_5MEBXt1mA |title=Athletics – German championships (Discus Throw – Women's) |publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&twu=1&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/111.html&usg=ALkJrhhAjbWBBRe2YnsA9Lg08WhNiaPdFw |title=Athletics – German Championships (Long Jump – Women's) |publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/102.html&ei=S3ixTuqJO6Xs0gH-4pCcAQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGUQ7gEwCQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob |title=Athletics – German Championships (Shot Put – Women's)|publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://recordi.info-mix.info/Athletics/4x100_m_relay.htm |title=World Record Progression in Athletics: 4x100 m relay – men & women |publisher=info-mix.info |year=2009 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&twu=1&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/72.html&usg=ALkJrhjGMx9D4Wa08ujzp_OB-DuEr5LAiw |title=Athletics – German Championships (100m Women) |publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/world/berlin-ceremonies-mark-olympic-historys-darker-side-20080808-3s2j.html |title=Berlin ceremonies mark Olympic history's darker side |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=8 August 2008 |author= Simon Sturdee|accessdate=2 November 2011}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/henoch-lilli |title=Lilli Henoch; 1899–1942 |author= Gertrud Pfister|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/21/sports/sports-of-the-times-the-world-outside-the-stadium.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=The World Outside the Stadium |work=The New York Times |date=21 July 1996 |author=Ira Berkow |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 16. ^{{cite news|last=Lipman |first=Steve |url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/forgotten_olympians |title=The Forgotten Olympians |work=The Jewish Week |date=6 August 2004 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nppaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qksDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625,726069&dq=henoch+shot+put&hl=en |title=5 New Names in Jewish Hall of Fame |author=Harvey Rosen |work=The Jewish Post & News |date=17 January 1990 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} Further reading
External links{{commons category}}
16 : 1899 births|People from Königsberg|People from East Prussia|German female shot putters|German national athletics champions|1942 deaths|German female discus throwers|German female long jumpers|German female sprinters|Sportspeople from Berlin|German female handball players|People who died in the Riga Ghetto|Murdered sportspeople|German civilians killed in World War II|German Jewish people who died in the Holocaust|Jewish German sportspeople |
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