| 词条 | Lily Bristow |
| 释义 |
Emily Caroline "Lily" Bristow (1864[1] – 5 Aug 1935) was an English mountaineer who made numerous ascents in the Swiss Alps with Albert F. Mummery in the 1890s. BiographyBristow was born in Brixton, Surrey, to George Ledgard Bristow and his wife, Mary.[2] She made her first significant mountain ascent in 1892 when she climbed the Aiguille des Grands Charmoz in the Mont Blanc massif with Albert F. Mummery and his wife Mary. With their success, Bristow and Mary Mummery became the first women to climb the mountain.[3] In 1893, Bristow climbed the Aiguille du Grépon—the ascent for which she was best known.[4] This was the second-ever traverse of the Grépon, which had first been climbed by Albert Mummery two years earlier.[3] The same year, she successfully climbed the Aiguille du Dru, the Zinalrothorn and the Matterhorn. She was known for climbing without local guides and for occasionally leading her climbing parties' ascents.[3] Bristow's guideless ascent of the Grépon inspired Mummery to write: "All mountains appear doomed to pass through three stages: An inaccessible peak, the hardest climb in the Alps, an easy day for a lady."[3] It was noted that Bristow caused scandal amongst her acquaintances by choosing to share tents with men.[5] Some have speculated that Mary Mummery later forbade her husband from climbing with Bristow, since Bristow did not accompany him on any of his 1894 expeditions, and there are no records of Bristow continuing her climbing career following his death on Nanga Parbat in 1895.[6] Elisa Kay Sparks has speculated that Lily Briscoe, a character in Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse, was named after Bristow.[7] References1. ^England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 {{DEFAULTSORT:Bristow, Lily}}2. ^1871 England Census 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.adventure-journal.com/2013/09/historical-badass-climber-lily-bristow/|title=Historical Badass: Climber Lily Bristow|date=4 September 2013|first=Hilary|last=Oliver|work=Adventure Journal|accessdate=29 March 2014}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Mountaineering Women: Stories by Early Climbers|first=David|last=Mazel|chapter=A real snorker|pages=78–83|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=1994}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/mar/26/female-mountaineering-pioneers-uphill-struggle|work=The Guardian|title=For the female mountaineering pioneers, it was an uphill struggle|date=27 March 2012|first=Susanna|last=Jones|accessdate=29 March 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mountain-heritage.org/entity.php?ID=129|title=Entity: Bristow, Lily (fl.1883–1894)|date=6 August 2006|publisher=Mountain Heritage Trust|last=Willett|first=Maxine|accessdate=29 March 2014}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/518276/_The_Evening_Under_Lamplight_With_the_Photograph_Album_TO_THE_LIGHTHOUSE_as_Family_Scrapbook._164-71_Woolfian_Boundaries_._Ed._Anna_Burrells_Steve_Ellis_Deborah_Parsons_and_Kathryn_Simpson._Clemson_U_Digital_Press_2007|chapter='The Evening under Lamplight … with the Photograph Album': To the Lighthouse as a Family Scrapbook|last=Sparks|first=Elisa Kay|publisher=Clemson University Digital|pages=164–171|title=Woolfian Boundaries: Selected Papers from the Sixteenth Annual International Conference on Virginia Woolf|editor1-last=Burrells|editor1-first=Anna|accessdate=29 March 2014}} 5 : English mountain climbers|Female climbers|1864 births|1935 deaths|People associated with the Matterhorn |
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