| 词条 | Lina Morgenstern |
| 释义 |
Lina Morgenstern (25 November 1830 in Wrocław (German Breslau) – 16 December 1909 in Berlin) was a German writer, educator, feminist and pacifist. She was born to a Jewish family committed to social causes. In 1854 she married Theodor Morgenstern (1827-1910), and they moved to Berlin.[1] The couple had five children – three daughters (Clara, Olga, and Martha) and two sons (Michael and Alfred).[1] Morgenstern first started writing articles about education and children's care in order to contribute to the family's income, when her husband had financial problems. In 1859, the same year that her third child, Olga, was born, she and Adolf Lette founded the Berliner Frauen-Verein zur Beförderung der Fröbel’schen Kindergärten (Berlin women's association for the advancement of Fröbelian kindergartens), which advocated for the establishment in Berlin of kindergartens, a form of preschool education conceived of by the pedagogue Friedrich Fröbel. Morgenstern served as chair from 1862 to 1866,[2] by which time the society had established eight kindergartens in the city, as well as a school for the education of kindergarten teachers. In 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War, she founded Berlin's first Volksküche ('public kitchen,' or soup kitchen), an organization that offered nutritional meals at very low prices (reflecting at most the cost of preparation), based on a philosophy of helping needy people without putting them in the position of accepting outright charity.[3][4] In 1896, she organised the Internationaler Kongress für Frauenwerke und Frauenbestrebungen in Berlin and she entered in the directive committee of the German Peace Society (DFG) in 1897. Works
References1. ^1 Zabel, Hans-Henning (1997). "Morgenstern, Lina." Neue deutsche Biographie. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot. vol. 18, p. 109-111. 2. ^Kohut, Adolph (January 1906). "Lina Morgenstern." Ost und West, 6(1), col. 37-42; here: col. 39. 3. ^Morgenstern, Lina (1870). [https://books.google.com/books?id=yI5LAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA28&hl=en#v=onepage&q=gedanke%20&f=false Die Berliner Volksküchen: Organisationsplan und cultur-historische, statistische Darstellung]. 3rd edition. Berlin: Otto Loewenstein. p. 3. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lagazettedeberlin.com/4375/la-volkskuche-mais-a-quelle-sauce/ |title=La Volksküche, mais à quelle sauce?|last=Chevalier|first=Thomas|website=La Gazette de Berlin|date=November 22, 2013|accessdate=2015-08-27}} External links
12 : 1830 births|1909 deaths|People from Wrocław|People from the Province of Silesia|German Jews|German Peace Society members|German educators|Soup kitchens|German feminists|Jewish women writers|19th-century German women writers|19th-century German writers |
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