“Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Serb Democratic Party ({{lang-sr|Српска демократска странка/Srpska demokratska stranka}} or СДС/SDS) is a Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is currently led by Vukota Govedarica, who succeeded Mladen Bosić.

In the parliamentary elections of October 2006, the SDS lost its status as the leading party in Republika Srpska and the main Serb party in Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), led by the Prime Minister of Republika Srpska Milorad Dodik.^[3] Despite making minor gains in the 2010 and 2014 elections, by 2018 the party had fallen to below 20% of the parliament, the lowest seat standing in its history.

The Serb Democratic Party is under sanctions from the United States for "failing to arrest and turn over war crimes suspects to an international tribunal." The sanctions prohibit any transfer of funds and material from the United States to the SDS and vice versa.^[4]^[5] The party is on the list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons by the Office of Foreign Assets Control U.S. agency.^[6]

History

Establishment

Radovan Karadžić founded the Serb Democratic Party in 1990. The party aimed at unifying the Bosnian Serb community, as Jovan Rašković's Serb Democratic Party did with the Serbs in Croatia, and staying part of Yugoslavia (as the "Third Yugoslavia" with Serbia and Montenegro) in the event of secession by those two republics from the federation.^[7]

1991

Throughout September 1991, the SDS began to establish various "Serb Autonomous Regions" throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the Bosnian parliament voted on sovereignty on 15 October 1991, a separate Serb Assembly was founded on 24 October 1991 in Banja Luka, in order to exclusively represent the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The following month, Bosnian Serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a federal state with Serbia and Montenegro, as part of Yugoslavia. In December 1991, a top secret document entitled ‘For the organisation and activity of organs of the Serbs people in Bosnia-Herzegovina in extraordinary circumstances’ was drawn up by the SDS leadership. This was a centralised programme for the takeover of each municipality in the country, through the creation of shadow governments and para-governmental structures through various "crisis headquarters", and by preparing loyal Serbs for the takeover in co-ordination with the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).^[8]

Ideology

Historically, the party had strong Serbian nationalist,^[1] separatist^[1] and Islamophobic ideology. Recently, the party switched from far-right and adopted more modest right-wing national-conservative views.

Presidents of Serb Democratic Party

Electoral results

Parliamentary elections

Presidential elections

Positions held

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/bosnia-herzegovina.html|title=Bosnia-Herzegovina|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2018|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|accessdate=11 October 2018}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/oct/08/bosnia-herzegovina-elections-the-worlds-most-complicated-system-of-government|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina: the world's most complicated system of government?|work=The Guardian|date=8 October 2014|last1=Nardelli|first1=Alberto|last2=Dzidic|first2=Denis|last3=Jukic|first3=Elvira|access-date=11 October 2018}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Eralp |first=Doğa U. |title=Politics of the European Union in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Between Conflict and Democracy |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7391-4945-4 |page=21|ref=harv}}
4. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722140258/http://www.epls.gov/epls/search.do?vindex=12&page=1&text=serb+democratic+party&status|title=|date=22 July 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=US Places Sanctions on Bosnian Serb Officials|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/dec/17/world/fg-bosnia17|website=L.A. Times|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=27 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026001317/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/dec/17/world/fg-bosnia17|archivedate=26 October 2015|quote="State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said that, under the sanctions, any assets the Serbian Democratic Party had in the United States would be frozen. In addition, he said, any members of that party or its partner, the Party for Democratic Progress, would be banned from entering the United States."}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Office of Foreign Assets Control black list|url=https://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/sdnlist.pdf|publisher=Office of Foreign Assets Control|accessdate=12 February 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://vesti-online.com/Vesti/Srbija/121591/Raskoviceva-SDS-obnovljena-u-Beogradu|title=Raškovićeva SDS obnovljena u Beogradu |publisher=Vesti online|language=sr|date=5 March 2011|accessdate=21 August 2018}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Gow|first=James|title=The Serbian Project and Its Aversaries: A Strategy of War Crimes|year=2003|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|location=Montreal|isbn=1850654999|pages=122–123}}

External links