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词条 List of film producers of the Dutch East Indies
释义

  1. Film producers

  2. Explanatory notes

  3. Footnotes

  4. Works cited

{{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}

Twenty-two people are recorded as having produced fictional films in the Dutch East Indies between 1926, when L. Heuveldorp released Loetoeng Kasaroeng, the colony's first domestically produced film,{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=61, 68}} and 1949, when the Dutch formally recognised Indonesia's sovereignty after a four-year revolution, leaving the Dutch East Indies defunct.{{efn|The Dutch had occupied the Indies for more than 300 years. Following a three-year Japanese occupation during World War II, Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945, an action which was not well-received by the Dutch {{harv|Kahin|1952|pp=29, 101, 136}}.}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=445}} Altogether they are credited for 93 of all known films produced in the Indies, and four of them remained active after independence. All were men; the first female film producer in Indonesia, Ratna Asmara, produced her first film in 1953.{{sfn|Swestin|2009|p=104}}

The colony's first producer, Heuveldorp, was of European descent.{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=55}} He was followed in 1928 by the ethnic Chinese businessmen Tjan Tjoen Lian and Liem Goan Lian, who began work on Lily van Java but soon pulled out, to be replaced by David Wong.{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=79–82}} By 1930 Chinese producers had dominated the industry. The most active of these, The Teng Chun, made his debut in 1931 with Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang; he would go on to produce another 27 films before independence.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, The Teng Chun}} No native Indonesian film producers are recorded from this period, although several productions were credited only to companies.{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=379–386}}

Producers in the Indies would often handle multiple roles, such as director and cinematographer. When these positions were filled separately, the producer retained creative control.{{sfn|Said|1982|p=30}} The Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran writes that works produced during this time were emphatically commercial, not paying attention to nationalistic or aesthetic values.{{efn|{{Harvtxt|Biran|2009|p=45}} cites Usmar Ismail's Darah dan Doa as the first "national" Indonesian film.}}{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=45}} However, the film scholars Thomas Barker and Charlotte Setijadi-Dunn suggest that the Chinese-produced films from the Indies offered the possibility of a heterogeneous national identity.{{sfn|Setijadi-Dunn|Barker|2011|pp=36, 48}}

The following list is sorted alphabetically by default, with further sorting capability in certain fields; owing to differing naming conventions between cultures, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list only counts fictional films directed by the subjects and does not include films from other genres or films in which the person held other roles. The names of persons credited with an abbreviated name are written in full, where available.

Film producers

Key
{{dagger|alt=Continued activity}} Indicates continued activity after 1949
 Film producers of the Dutch East Indies
NameFeature film debutDebut yearFilms produced before 1949Total films producedRef(s).
Ang Hock Liem Kedok Ketawa 1940 6 6Filmindonesia.or.id, Ang Hock Liem}}
{{sortname|Albert|Balink Pareh 1935 1 1Filmindonesia.or.id, Albert Balink}}
{{sortname|Ph.|Carli|Flip Carli De Stem des Bloeds 1930 3 3Biran|2009|pp=124, 380–381}}{{sfn|De Indische Courant 1931, Indische filmkunst}}
{{sortname|L.|Heuveldorp|nolink=yes Loetoeng Kasaroeng 1926 1 1Filmindonesia.or.id, L. Heuveldorp}}
Jo Eng Sek Si Tjonat 1929 6 6Biran|2009|p=234}}
Jo Kim Tjan Poei Sie Giok Pa Loei Tay 1935 6 6Filmindonesia.or.id, Jo Kim Tjan}}
{{sortname|G.|Krugers Karnadi Anemer Bangkong 1930 2 2Filmindonesia.or.id, G. Krugers}}
Liem Goan Lian Lily van Java 1928 1 1name=B}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Liem Goan Lian}}
SI Liem Djantoeng Hati 1941 1 1Filmindonesia.or.id, SI Liem}}
Tan Boen Soan Setangan Berloemoer Darah 1928 1 1Filmindonesia.or.id, Tan Boen Soan}}
Tan Khoen Yauw Njai Dasima 1929 15 15Biran|2009|pp=379–386}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tan Koen Yauw}}
The Teng Chun {{dagger|alt=Continued activity Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang 1931 28 30Filmindonesia.or.id, The Teng Chun}}
Tjan Hock Siong Kris Mataram 1940 2 2Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjan Hock Siong}}
Tjan Tjoen Lian Lily van Java 1928 1 1name=B}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjan Tjoen Lian}}
Tjho Seng Han Pantjawarna 1940 2 2Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjho Seng Han}}
Touw Ting Iem {{dagger|alt=Continued activity Ikan Doejoeng 1941 3 5Filmindonesia.or.id, Touw Ting Iem}}
{{sortname|David|Wong|nolink=yes Lily van Java 1928 1 1No relation to Nelson, Joshua, or Othniel.}}{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=79–82}}
{{sortname|Joshua|Wong|Wong brothers Lari ke Arab 1930 4 4name=A}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Wong Bersaudara}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Joshua Wong}}
{{sortname|Nelson|Wong|Wong brothers Si Tjonat 1928 6 6name=A}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Wong Bersaudara}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Nelson Wong}}
{{sortname|Othniel|Wong|Wong brothers {{dagger|alt=Continued activity Lari ke Arab 1930 4 5name=A}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Wong Bersaudara}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Othniel Wong}}
{{sortname|Fred|Young|Fred Young (director) {{dagger|alt=Continued activity Djantoeng Hati 1941 4 21Also credited as Utomo}}{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=379–386}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}}

Explanatory notes

{{notes
| notes ={{efn
| name = A
| Figures for Nelson, Joshua, and Othniel Wong include four films which they produced cooperatively as the Wong brothers.}}{{efn
| name = B
| Film left incompleted}}
}}

Footnotes

Works cited

{{refbegin|40em}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Albert Balink {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Albert Balink {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3ad646e_albert-balink/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6AtBKd7OY?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3ad646e_albert-balink/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Albert Balink}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Ang Hock Liem {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Ang Hock Liem {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b99aa9487fbe_ang-hock-liem/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoOVy1OP?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b99aa9487fbe_ang-hock-liem/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Ang Hock Liem}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite book

| title = Bikin Film di Jawa
|trans-title=History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java
| language = Indonesian
| last = Biran
| first = Misbach Yusa
| authorlink = Misbach Yusa Biran
| location = Jakarta
| publisher = Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council
| year = 2009
| isbn = 978-979-3731-58-2
| ref = harv
  • {{cite web

|title = Fred Young {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Fred Young {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3b7af11_fred-young/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6AtEUzJs3?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3b7af11_fred-young/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = G. Krugers {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=G. Krugers {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b6fdb997a995_g-krugers/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6At7hmgWV?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b6fdb997a995_g-krugers/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, G. Krugers}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite news

|title=Indische filmkunst
|trans-title=Indies Cinema
|language=Dutch
|newspaper=De Indische Courant
|location=Surabaya
|date=11 June 1931
|page=5
|url=http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010279384%3Ampeg21%3Ap005%3Aa0102
|ref={{sfnRef|De Indische Courant 1931, Indische filmkunst}}
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Jo Kim Tjan {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Jo Kim Tjan {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce27ddf46_jo-kim-tjan/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoNSmyAs?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce27ddf46_jo-kim-tjan/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Jo Kim Tjan }}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Joshua Wong {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Joshua Wong {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8525046cbc6_joshua-wong/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6AtCEJXsH?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8525046cbc6_joshua-wong/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Joshua Wong}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite book

| last = Kahin
| first = George McTurnan
| authorlink = George McTurnan Kahin
| year = 1952
| title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
| publisher = Cornell University Press
| location = Ithaca, New York
| isbn = 978-0-8014-9108-5
| ref = harv
  • {{cite web

|title = L. Heuveldorp {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=L. Heuveldorp {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b6fdbe4b425f_l-heuveldorp/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6At7LOifL?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b6fdbe4b425f_l-heuveldorp/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, L. Heuveldorp}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Liem Goan Lian {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Liem Goan Lian {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b85266815502_liem-goan-lian/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoJRi3rd?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b85266815502_liem-goan-lian/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Liem Goan Lian}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Nelson Wong {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Nelson Wong {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b852621333d6_nelson-wong/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6At7tjRbt?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b852621333d6_nelson-wong/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Nelson Wong}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Othniel Wong {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Othniel Wong {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b99bd523f3ef_othniel-wong/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6AtCRvWIk?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b99bd523f3ef_othniel-wong/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Othniel Wong}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite book

|title=Profil Dunia Film Indonesia
|trans-title=Profile of Indonesian Cinema
|language=Indonesian
|last=Said
|first=Salim
|publisher=Grafiti Pers
|location=Jakarta
|year=1982
|oclc=9507803
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book

| last1 = Setijadi-Dunn
| first1 = Charlotte
| last2 = Barker
| first2 = Thomas
| editor1-last = Cheng
| editor1-first = Khoo Gaik
| editor2-last = Barker
| editor2-first = Thomas
| editor3-last = Imanjaya
| editor3-first = Ekky
| year = 2011
| title = Mau Dibawa ke Mana Sinema Kita?
|trans-title=Where Will Our Cinema Go?
| chapter = Membayangkan 'Indonesia': Produser Etnis Tionghoa dan Sinema Pra-Kemerdekaan
|trans-chapter=Imagining 'Indonesia': Ethnic Chinese Producers and Pre-Independence Cinema
| publisher = Salemba Humanika
| location = Jakarta
| isbn = 978-602-8555-38-8
| ref = harv
  • {{cite web

|title = SI Liem {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=SI Liem {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce4383a9f_si-liem/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoP3nTK0?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce4383a9f_si-liem/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, SI Liem}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite journal

|title = In the Boys' Club: A Historical Perspective on the Roles of Women in the Indonesian Cinema 1926 – May 1998
|pages = 103–111
|date = July 2009
|url = http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/iko/article/viewFile/18314/18162
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/69zwHVXHA?url=http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/iko/article/viewFile/18314/18162
|archivedate = 18 August 2012
|ref = harv
|last = Swestin
|first = Grace
|work = Scriptura
|issue = 2
|location = Surabaya
|publisher = Petra Christian University
|volume = 3
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Tan Boen Soan {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Tan Boen Soan {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8535760708f_tan-boen-soan/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoJfLuec?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8535760708f_tan-boen-soan/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tan Boen Soan}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Tan Koen Yauw {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Tan Koen Yauw {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b852a3d29c42_tan-koen-yauw/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoLXg0WV?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b852a3d29c42_tan-koen-yauw/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tan Koen Yauw}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = The Teng Chun {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=The Teng Chun {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8501c11b793_the-teng-chun/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/69RkVarGB?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8501c11b793_the-teng-chun/filmography
|archivedate = 26 July 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, The Teng Chun}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Tjan Tjoen Lian {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Tjan Tjoen Lian {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b85267c9bbfd_tjan-tjoen-lian/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoJWoQQd?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b85267c9bbfd_tjan-tjoen-lian/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjan Tjoen Lian}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Tjan Hock Siong {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Tjan Hock Siong {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce29107d4_tjan-hock-siong/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoOfoB9T?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce29107d4_tjan-hock-siong/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjan Hock Siong}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Tjho Seng Han {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Tjho Seng Han {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce28861ff_tjho-seng-han/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoPOJ6Xq?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce28861ff_tjho-seng-han/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjho Seng Han}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Touw Ting Iem {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Touw Ting Iem {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce282ec65_touw-ting-iem/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 20 January 2013
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DoPDxWJS?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bce282ec65_touw-ting-iem/filmography
|archivedate = 20 January 2013
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Touw Ting Iem}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Wong Bersaudara {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Wong Brothers {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nma4b8514ee58838_wong-bersaudara/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6At8y2zFI?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nma4b8514ee58838_wong-bersaudara/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Wong Bersaudara}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{cite web

|title = Wu Tsun {{!}} Filmografi
|trans-title=Wu Tsun {{!}} Filmography
|language = Indonesian
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad385995a_wu-tsun/filmography
|work = filmindonesia.or.id
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|location = Jakarta
|accessdate = 23 September 2012
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6AtMeElzU?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad385995a_wu-tsun/filmography
|archivedate = 23 September 2012
|ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Wu Tsun}}
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}{{refend}}{{Cinema of the Dutch East Indies}}{{featured list}}

2 : Film producers of the Dutch East Indies|Lists of film producers
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