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词条 List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in Canada
释义

  1. First overall

  2. Federal

     Parliament  By provincial delegation  Cabinet  Parties 

  3. Provincial and territorial

  4. Municipal

     Overall firsts  Mayors  City councillors  By province  Alberta  British Columbia  Manitoba  Nova Scotia  Newfoundland and Labrador  Ontario  Quebec  Saskatchewan 

  5. See also

  6. References

The following is a list of the first openly LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender) holders of elected or appointed political office in Canada.

LGBT people have served at all three main levels of political office in Canada: municipal, provincial and federal. In addition to the milestones noted below, Canada has also had a number of prominent politicians who were not out as gay during their careers in politics, either coming out after they retired or being officially outed only in posthumous biographical sources.

As of 2018, Nunavut is the only province or territory in Canada which has not been represented by any known LGBT politicians at any level of government.

First overall

  • First openly gay political candidate, regardless of electoral status: Peter Maloney ran for a seat on the Toronto Board of Education in the Toronto municipal election, 1972 as an openly gay candidate.[1] (He had previously been an Ontario Liberal Party candidate in St. George in the 1971 Ontario provincial election, and some later biographical sources have stated that he ran as an openly gay candidate at that time as well,[2] but no indication of his sexuality is seen in any media coverage of the 1971 election. The first known coverage of Maloney which makes any reference to his sexuality is of a party policy conference in early 1972, several months after the election was over.)[3] Robert Douglas Cook, a Gay Alliance Toward Equality candidate for the electoral district of West Vancouver-Howe Sound in the 1979 British Columbia provincial election, has been credited with this distinction by some media outlets,[4] but was in fact merely the first to run as a candidate of an explicitly gay-identified political organization rather than a traditional political party or for a non-partisan office.
  • First transgender candidate, regardless of electoral status: Jamie Lee Hamilton ran for Vancouver's Parks Board in 1996.[5] Christin Milloy, an Ontario Libertarian Party candidate in the 2011 provincial election in Ontario, was the first transgender candidate in a provincial election.[6] Jennifer McCreath, a Strength in Democracy candidate in Avalon in the 2015 federal election, was the first transgender candidate in a federal election.[7]
  • First openly gay person elected to office: Raymond Blain (Montreal City Council, 1986) is commonly credited with this distinction, although Maurice Richard, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in 1985 after coming out as gay sometime during his term as mayor of Bécancour, Quebec from 1976 to 1985, predated him and the story was simply not picked up by national media until later on.[4] Out lesbian Sue Harris won election to the Vancouver Parks Board in 1984.[8] Jim Egan (Comox-Strathcona Regional District board, 1981) may also have predated all of them, although sources are unclear on whether he ran as an openly gay candidate at the time.
  • First transgender person elected to office: Julie Lemieux was elected to the municipal council of Très-Saint-Rédempteur in the 2013 municipal election, and later ran for and won the mayoralty of the village in the subsequent 2017 municipal election. Although reported as a lesbian-identified woman at the time of their election to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in 2015, Estefania Cortes-Vargas came out as non-binary in an assembly debate later in the year.

Federal

Parliament

  • Member of Parliament:
    • Male: Svend Robinson – elected 1979[9] [Came out: 1988]
    • Female: Libby Davies – elected 1997[10] [Came out: 2001]
    • Already out at first election: Bill Siksay – 2004[11]
  • Senator:
    • Male: Laurier LaPierre – 2001[12]
    • Female: Nancy Ruth – 2005[13]

At least two federal MPs who predated Robinson, Heward Grafftey and Charles Lapointe, and one who was first elected alongside him in 1979, Ian Waddell, are known to have come out as gay or bisexual after their retirement from politics.[14][15][16]

By provincial delegation

As of 2015, seven of Canada's ten provinces have elected at least one LGBT MP to the House of Commons or had an LGBT senator appointed from their province.

  • British Columbia
    • Male: Svend Robinson, MP (NDP) – elected 1979[9] [Came out: 1988]
    • Female: Libby Davies, MP (NDP) – elected 1997[10] [Came out: 2001]
    • Already out at first election: Bill Siksay, MP (NDP) – 2004[11]
  • Nova Scotia
    • Scott Brison, MP (Progressive Conservative, later Liberal) – elected 1997[17] [Came out: 2002]
  • Ontario
    • Mario Silva, MP (Liberal) – 2004[18]
    • Senator Nancy Ruth (Progressive Conservative, later Conservative) – 2005[13]
  • Quebec
    • Senator Laurier LaPierre (Liberal) – 2001[19]
    • Réal Ménard, MP (Bloc Québécois) – elected 1993[20] [Came out: 1994]
  • Saskatchewan
    • Sheri Benson, MP (NDP) – 2015[21]
  • Alberta
    • Randy Boissonnault, MP (Liberal) – 2015[22]
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Seamus O'Regan, MP (Liberal) – 2015

Cabinet

  • Federal cabinet minister: Scott Brison – 2004[17]

Parties

  • Leader of a federal political party: Chris Lea (Green) – 1990[23]

Provincial and territorial

As of 2018, only New Brunswick, Saskatchewan and Nunavut have never had an openly gay member of their provincial or territorial legislatures, although both Saskatchewan and New Brunswick have had legislators who came out as gay after leaving the legislature or were outed as gay after their deaths.

The provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec have had more than one LGBT member, and all have had both gay men and lesbian women serve in the legislatures. The other provinces and territories which have had out LGBT legislators have had only one each to date.

Some figures, including Ian Scott, Keith Norton, Phil Gillies and Dominic Agostino in Ontario and Claude Charron and Guy Joron in Quebec, predated the firsts listed here but were not out to the general public during their time in politics.

To date, most LGBT people who have served in provincial or territorial legislatures have represented urban districts in larger cities, while very few have ever served in a purely rural district.[4]

  • Provincial Premier
    • Female: Kathleen Wynne (Ontario) – 2013 (First female premier of Ontario, first openly LGB premier in Canada)
    • Male: Wade MacLauchlan (Prince Edward Island) – 2015[24]
    • One provincial premier, Richard Hatfield in New Brunswick, predated Wynne but was not out as gay during his political career, instead being outed only after his death.
  • Provincial Deputy Premier
    • Male: George Smitherman (Ontario) (Ontario Liberal Party ) – 2006
  • Provincial cabinet minister:
    • British Columbia - Tim Stevenson – 2000
    • Quebec - André Boisclair - 2002
    • Ontario - George Smitherman – 2003
    • Manitoba - Jim Rondeau - 2004
    • Nova Scotia - Joanne Bernard - 2013
    • Alberta - Ricardo Miranda - 2016[25]
  • Leader of a provincial party: Allison Brewer (New Brunswick New Democratic Party) – 2005
  • Leader of a provincial party with seats in a legislature: André Boisclair (Parti Québécois) – 2005
  • Provincial and territorial legislators:
    • British Columbia
    • Male: Mike Farnworth, 1991 (came out during leadership run in 2010); Ted Nebbeling and Tim Stevenson, 1996 (both out when elected)
    • Female: Jenn McGinn, 2008
    • Alberta
    • Male: Michael Connolly and Ricardo Miranda, 2015
    • Genderqueer: Estefania Cortes-Vargas, 2015[26] Cortes-Vargas publicly identified as a lesbian woman at the time of their election to the legislature,[27] and came out as non-binary during a debate in the legislature later in the year.
    • Manitoba
    • Male: Jim Rondeau, 1999
    • Female: Jennifer Howard, 2007
    • Ontario
    • Male: George Smitherman, 1999
    • Female: Kathleen Wynne, 2003
    • Quebec
    • Male: Maurice Richard and André Boulerice, 1985
    • Female: Agnès Maltais, 2003 (came out)
    • Newfoundland and Labrador: Gerry Rogers, 2011
    • Nova Scotia: Joanne Bernard, 2013
    • Prince Edward Island: Wade MacLauchlan, 2015
    • Yukon: Dale Eftoda, 2001
    • Northwest Territories: Julie Green, 2015

Municipal

Overall firsts

Mayors

  • Mayor of any municipality: Maurice Richard served as mayor of Bécancour, Quebec from 1975 to 1985. Contemporary biographical sources indicate that he came out as gay sometime during his mayoralty, but are not clear about when; it is known, however, that he was out as gay by the time of his campaign for election to the National Assembly of Quebec in 1985.[4] After serving in the provincial legislature from 1985 to 1994 as its first openly LGBT member, he was reelected to another stint as mayor of Bécancour in 1995.
  • Mayor of a major city: Glen Murray (Winnipeg) – 1998 (world's first)
  • Transgender mayor: Julie Lemieux was elected mayor of Très-Saint-Rédempteur in the 2017 municipal election.

One mayor, Charlotte Whitton in Ottawa (1951–56, 1961–64), has been the subject of unresolved debate about her sexual orientation. Whitton spent much of her adult life sharing her home with a woman, Margaret Grier; in 1999, 24 years after Whitton's death, the National Archives of Canada publicly released many intimate personal letters between Whitton and Grier. The release of these papers sparked much debate in the Canadian media about whether Whitton and Grier's relationship could be characterized as lesbian, or merely as an emotionally intimate friendship between two unmarried women.[28] Whitton never publicly identified herself as lesbian during her lifetime, and thus could not be considered Canada's first out LGBT mayor regardless of the status of her relationship with Grier.

City councillors

  • First city councillor: At the last caretaker meeting of Tecumseh, Ontario's municipal council following the 1980 municipal elections, outgoing councillor and unsuccessful mayoral candidate Cameron Frye acknowledged that he was gay.[29] The campaign had been marked by rumours about Frye's sexuality, including the distribution of hate literature claiming that Frye would promote a "gay lifestyle" as mayor and would lead the town into "moral decay",[30] although Frye refused to confirm or deny the claims about his sexuality during the campaign.[31] Frye was first elected to the municipal council in 1972.[31]
  • First city councillor already out at first election: Raymond Blain (Montreal), 1986

By province

Alberta

  • City councillor in Edmonton:
    • Male: Michael Phair – 1992[32]
    • Female: Sherry McKibben - 1994[33]
  • City councillor in Red Deer: Paul Harris - 2010[21]
  • City councillor in Calgary: Jeromy Farkas - 2017[34]

British Columbia

  • City councillor in Vancouver:
    • Male: Gordon Price – 1986[35]
    • Female: Ellen Woodsworth – 2002[36]
  • City councillor in Esquimalt: Randall Garrison - 2008[37]
  • City councillor in Cumberland: Conner Copeman - 2011[38]

Manitoba

  • City councillor in Winnipeg: Glen Murray – 1989[39]

Nova Scotia

  • City councillor in Halifax - Krista Snow - 2003[40]
  • Municipal Councillor in Region of Queens - Brian Fralic - 2012[41]
  • Mayor of Cape Breton Regional Municipality: Cecil Clarke - elected 2012[42] [Came out: 2018]

Newfoundland and Labrador

  • Municipal councillor in Wabana, Bell Island: Donovan Taplin - 2013[43][44]

Ontario

  • City councillor in Hamilton: Aidan Johnson - 2014[45]
  • City councillor in Ottawa:
    • Male: Alex Munter (Kanata) and Stéphane Émard-Chabot – 1994[46][47]
    • Female: Catherine McKenney - 2014[48]
  • City councillor in Toronto:
    • Male: Kyle Rae – 1991[49]
    • Female: Kristyn Wong-Tam – 2010[50]

Quebec

  • City councillor in Montreal:
    • Male: Raymond Blain - 1986[51]

Saskatchewan

  • City councillor in Prince Albert:
    • Male: Evert Botha - 2016[52]
  • City councillor in Saskatoon:
    • Male: Darren Hill – 2006[53]
    • Female: Lenore Swystun – 2000[53]

See also

  • List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender firsts by year
  • List of the first LGBT holders of political offices
  • List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in the United States
  • List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in the United Kingdom

References

1. ^"Homosexual plans to run for seat on school board". Toronto Star, July 25, 1972.
2. ^"Elegy to Club Toronto". Daily Xtra, April 21, 2010.
3. ^"Maloney tells Liberals of his homosexuality". The Globe and Mail, February 14, 1972.
4. ^1 2 3 EVERITT, J., & CAMP, M. (2014). "In versus Out: LGBT Politicians in Canada". Journal of Canadian Studies, 48(1), 226-251.
5. ^Peace River Block News Dawson Creek, BC; 1995 December 15, page 8.
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailyxtra.com/toronto/news-and-ideas/news/trans-candidate-makes-canadian-history-in-ontario-4749|title=Trans candidate makes Canadian history in Ontario|publisher=Daily Xtra|date=September 27, 2011|access-date=2016-06-23}}
7. ^"Jennifer McCreath running for federal election in Avalon". CBC News, July 27, 2015.
8. ^"Out-of-closet lesbian wins Vancouver vote". The Body Politic, January 1985.
9. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/svend-robinson-gay-mp-1.4548089|title=30 years after Canada's first MP came out, LGBT politicians still face challenges {{!}} CBC News|last=Zeidler|first=Maryse|last2=|first2=|date=|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=}}
10. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/libby-davies-leaves-ottawa/|title=Libby Davies leaves Ottawa - Macleans.ca|website=www.macleans.ca|access-date=2019-02-17}}
11. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/ndp-s-siksay-stepping-down-as-burnaby-mp-1.931695|title=NDP's Siksay stepping down as Burnaby MP {{!}} CBC News|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=}}
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13. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://canadianstoriesinterview.blogspot.com/2014/03/conversations-with-senator-nancy-ruth.html|title=Canadian Stories: Conversations with Senator Nancy Ruth|last=Groat|first=Cody|date=2014-03-12|website=Canadian Stories|access-date=2019-02-17}}
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15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/tag/charles-lapointe/feed|title=Charles Lapointe – Montreal Gazette|website=montrealgazette.com|access-date=2019-02-17}}
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17. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/feels-very-right-liberal-scott-brison-resigns-from-cabinet-not-running-in-2019-1.4247949|title='Feels very right': Liberal Scott Brison resigns from cabinet, not running in 2019 {{!}} CTV News|website=www.ctvnews.ca|access-date=2019-02-17}}
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20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyxtra.com/gay-bloc-mp-real-menard-leaves-federal-politics-35895|title=Gay Bloc MP Réal Ménard leaves federal politics|date=2009-09-15|website=Xtra|access-date=2019-02-17}}
21. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyxtra.com/four-openly-gay-or-lesbian-new-mps-elected-to-ottawa-69159|title=Four openly gay or lesbian new MPs elected to Ottawa|date=2015-10-20|website=Xtra|access-date=2019-02-17}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/en_ca/article/zmyjqy/canadas-first-lgbtq2-advisor-talks-gay-rights-and-his-personal-journey|title=Canada's first LGBTQ2 advisor talks gay rights and his personal journey|last=Browne|first=Rachel|date=2016-11-25|website=Vice News|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://this.org/2017/10/18/why-the-green-party-matters-now-more-than-ever-in-canadian-politics/|title=This Magazine → Why the Green Party matters now more than ever in Canadian politics|website=this.org|access-date=2019-02-17}}
24. ^[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/wade-maclauchlan-on-brink-of-becoming-pei-premier/article23139705/ "Wade MacLauchlan on brink of becoming PEI premier"]. The Globe and Mail, February 21, 2015.
25. ^"Alberta Premier Rachel Notley announces six new cabinet posts". CBC News, February 2, 2016.
26. ^"An Alberta MLA on battling gender identity". Maclean's, December 1, 2015.
27. ^"NDP candidate supports education". Sherwood Park News, April 30, 2015.
28. ^{{citation|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_200107/ai_n8990599/pg_19 |title=Maple Leaf (Gardens) forever: Sex, Canadian historians, and national history |periodical=The Journal of Canadian Studies |date=Summer 2001 |first=Steven |last=Maynard |accessdate=2008-09-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016140324/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_200107/ai_n8990599/pg_19 |archivedate=2008-10-16 |df= }}
29. ^"Reeve gauche: A sad come-out". The Body Politic, February 1981.
30. ^"Victim of hate mail loses in bid for mayor". The Body Politic, December 1980.
31. ^1 "Hate mail clouds campaign in town that promotes love". Toronto Star, November 2, 1980.
32. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyxtra.com/the-legacy-of-edmontons-michael-phair-17423|title=The legacy of Edmonton's Michael Phair|date=2007-10-28|website=Xtra|access-date=2019-02-17}}
33. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/mckibben-remembered-for-dedication-to-edmonton-1.2529831|title=McKibben remembered for dedication to Edmonton {{!}} CBC News|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=}}
34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/calgarys-first-ever-transgender-candidate-for-city-council-launches-campaign|title=Calgary’s first transgender city council candidate launches campaign {{!}} Calgary Herald|last=McIntosh|first=Emma|last2=|first2=|date=2016-08-24|website=|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=}}
35. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Lugwsn_s8wC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq|title=Pink Blood: Homophobic Violence in Canada|last=Janoff|first=Douglas|date=2005|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802085702|language=en}}
36. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.straight.com/life/734501/lgbt-activist-ellen-woodsworth-emphasizes-need-queer-safe-spaces-throughout-metro|title=LGBT activist Ellen Woodsworth emphasizes need for queer safe spaces throughout Metro Vancouver|date=2016-07-11|website=Georgia Straight Vancouver's News & Entertainment Weekly|language=en|access-date=2019-02-17}}
37. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.palestinechronicle.com/ndp-mp-refuses-to-withdraw-from-canada-israel-interparliamentary-group/|title=NDP MP Refuses to Withdraw from Canada-Israel Interparliamentary Group|date=2018-08-22|website=Palestine Chronicle|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-17}}
38. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/assault-raises-concerns-about-gay-bashing-1.1184995|title=Assault raises concerns about gay bashing {{!}} CBC News|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=}}
39. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/07/31/news/ontario-minister-glen-murray-quits-politics-dream-job|title=Ontario Minister Glen Murray quits politics for dream job|last=News|first=Elizabeth McSheffrey in|last2=Energy|date=2017-07-31|website=National Observer|language=en|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=July 31st 2017|first3=Politics {{!}}}}
40. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/friends-remember-bright-light-and-community-activist-1.1238019|title=Friends remember 'bright light' and community activist {{!}} CBC News|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17|last3=}}
41. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.southshorebreaker.ca/news/local/liverpool-pridebombed-overnight-1156/|title=Liverpool "Pridebombed" overnight|last=|first=|date=|website=www.southshorebreaker.ca|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17}}
42. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/02/01/cecil-clarke-cape-breton-mayor-comes-out-after-he-was-reportedly-blackmailed_a_23350654/|title=Nova Scotia Mayor Comes Out, Says Someone Threatened To Expose Him|date=2018-02-01|website=HuffPost Canada|language=en|access-date=2019-02-17}}
43. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ope.gov.nl.ca/publications/pdf/YAC2015-16AnnualReport.pdf|title=Premier's Youth Advisory Committee Annual Report |website=https://www.ope.gov.nl.ca|language=en}}
44. ^{{Cite web|url=https://nlyouth.ca/programsservices/yac_members.html|title=Premier's Youth Advisory Committee Members|website=https://nlyouth.ca|language=en}}
45. ^"Hamilton to welcome first gay councillor". CHCH-DT, November 25, 2014.
46. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpac.ca/en/programs/revue-politique/episodes/5083847|title=Revue Politique: December 7, 2006|website=CPAC|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-17}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ottawa-leads-in-pride-but-trails-in-tolerance/article757290/|title=Ottawa leads in pride, but trails in tolerance|access-date=2019-02-17}}
48. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/catherine-mckenney-catherine-mckenna-and-ottawas-struggle-to-tell-them-apart/|title=Catherine McKenney, Catherine McKenna and Ottawa's struggle to tell them apart - Macleans.ca|website=www.macleans.ca|access-date=2019-02-17}}
49. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/kyle-rae-calls-it-a-day/article4196876/|title=Kyle Rae calls it a day|access-date=2019-02-17}}
50. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cp24.com/features/pride-2014/out-in-public-wong-tam-weighs-in-on-being-gay-in-public-life-1.1882708|title=Out in public: Wong-Tam weighs in on being gay in public life|last=Freeman|first=Joshua|date=2014-06-23|website=CP24|language=en|access-date=2019-02-17}}
51. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/425883326/|title=Milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=Newspapers.com|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-17}}
52. ^{{Cite web|url=https://saskatoon.ctvnews.ca/prince-albert-councillor-apologizes-for-disrespectful-online-comments-1.4044075|title=Evert Botha apologizes for ‘disrespectful’ comments about Raiders DJ {{!}} CTV News Saskatoon|website=saskatoon.ctvnews.ca|access-date=2019-02-17}}
53. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://thestarphoenix.com/life/elected+Darren+Hill+refuses+sexuality+define/9953289/story.html |title=Out and elected: Darren Hill refuses to let his sexuality define him |last=Hamilton |first=Charles |work=The StarPhoenix |date=2014-06-19 |archive-url=http://www.pressreader.com/canada/saskatoon-starphoenix/20140619 |archive-date=2014-06-19}}
{{LGBT in Canada}}

3 : LGBT politicians from Canada|Lists of the first LGBT holders of political offices|LGBT history in Canada
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