| 词条 | Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range |
| 释义 |
The Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range (LBGR) was a World War II and Cold War facility that included 4 of the 6 HGM-25A Titan I missile launch complexes southeast of Denver, Colorado.[1] Army Air Force rangeThe area of the Lowry range was initially part of the 1937 Buckley Field's {{Convert|102.4|sqmi|abbr=on}} that became an Army Airfield in 1942.[1] In World War II, bombing with "practice and HE bombs", training in "fixed and flexible gunnery", and rifle training were conducted at the range.[1] The 1st of the Army Air Forces Bombardier Schools was at Lowry from July 1940 through March 14, 1941,[2] used the Buckley range and graduated 3 instructor classes of graduates who opened the bombardier school at Barksdale Field.[3]
The "Air-to-Ground Bombing and Gunnery Mission" at LBGR terminated in 1956,[1]{{Rp|2-1}} and RBS by the redesignated (1955) Detachment 1, 11th RBS Sq, continued until it moved to the former La Junta Army Airfield (La Junta Bomb Plot, 1959-1990).[7] In 1963, a portion of LBGR (Lowry Missile Site No. 1) had been "cleared of surface MEC"—munitions and explosives of concern).[1] From 1960 and 1980, ~{{Convert|63600|acres|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the LBGR were transferred to various other state and federal agencies and private owners.[8] Missile complexes{{For|the two Titan 1 complexes not on the bombing range|725th Strategic Missile Squadron}}Lowry Missile Site No. 1 ("Lowry Air Force Missile Site" before being renamed in 1960) of {{Convert|85.1|sqmi|abbr=on}} included a large portion of the LBGR[1] and began in September 1958 with the start of construction prior to excavation[9] for the eventual 4 complexes (1 off of LBGR,--additional Site No. 2 also had a complex on the former range). Construction on the 1st operational complex, Titan I Missile Complex 1A, began in April 1959, mining excavation of 1/2 million cubic yards of rock[9] was completed by 4 June 1961, and the site was finished in December 1961[9] (the dedication was on April 18, 1962). Complex 1A was on {{Convert|442.42|acres|ha|abbr=on}} with ~{{Convert|36|acres|ha|abbr=on}} "bounded by a chain-link fence".[9] Missiles were assembled at the Glenn L. Martin plant southwest of Denver (the co-located test site with 4 stands had been transferred to the Air Force),[9]{{Rp|48}} and Lowry AFB's 724th Strategic Missile Squadron (April 26, 1961 – June 25, 1965) commanded the Site No. 1 complexes. Site No. 1 was adjacent to the Lowry Landfill on the west and Complex 1A was privatized on January 31, 1969.[9]In January 1964 the Secretary of Defense informed congress the Titan 1 bases would be closed in 1965,[9] and the last Lowry missile was taken off alert status March 26, 1965 (all Titan 1s were in storage by April 18).[24] (Titan 1s were stored at Mira Loma Air Force Station, California, until being scrapped in Spring 1966.)[10] Titan I Missile Complex 2A on the former LBGR was transferred to the Department of the Army on October 12, 1977.[11] Denver area complexesA total of six missile complex sites operated in the Denver area from 1960 – 1965. On the Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range 724-A, SW of Watkins, Colorado {{Coord|39|38|52.57|N|104|41|24.54|W|display=inline|name=724-A}}[12] 724-B, SSW of Watkins, Colorado {{Coord|39|36|16.89|N|104|34|46.64|W|display=inline|name=724-B}}[13] 724-C, S of Bennett, Colorado {{Coord|39|39|55.30|N|104|29|34.58|W|display=inline|name=724-C}}[14] 725-A, 14 miles SE of Watkins, Colorado {{Coord|39|35|15|N|104|27|42|W|display=inline|name=725-A}} Outside the LBGR 725-B, 4 miles NNE of Deer Trail, Colorado {{Coord|39|40|06|N|104|01|41|W|display=inline|name=725-B}} 725-C, 5 miles SSE of Elisabeth, Colorado {{Coord|39|18|54|N|104|33|43|W|display=inline|name=725-C}} Lowry Training AnnexIn 1969, Lowry Training Annex adjacent to the former LBGR area was established after the Department of the Navy transferred ~{{Convert|3,700|acres|sqmi}} to the U.S. Air Force[8] (the Navy had nearby land as early as July 30, 1948, and used the bombing range in 1952 for training).[11] Bennett Army National Guard facilityThe Bennett Army National Guard facility of {{Convert|242|acres|sqmi|abbr=on}} at the former Complex 2A (southeast corner of LBGR) was a Colorado Army National Guard military installation used for training.[1] In 2006 the Bennett facility was excessed by the government and was the "last federal property transferred"[1]{{Rp|2-1}} of the former Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range. In 2012, oil was struck on the Former Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range.[15] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite report |date=April 2011 |title=Former Lowry Bombing and Gunnery Range: Final Five-Year Review Plan |url=http://www.flbgr.org/pdfs/Five_Yr_Review_Plan_FLBGR_Final_rev0_reduced.pdf |publisher=Omaha District, US Army Corps of Engineers |accessdate=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206081247/http://www.flbgr.org/pdfs/Five_Yr_Review_Plan_FLBGR_Final_rev0_reduced.pdf# |archivedate=2015-02-06 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 2. ^{{Cite web|title=Bombardier Training: …Overview |url=http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hfhm/Training/Map.htm |format=transcribed text from various sources, including St. John |publisher=Ancestry.com |accessdate=2012-07-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614225102/http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hfhm/Training/Map.htm |archivedate=2012-06-14 |df= }} 3. ^{{Cite book |last=St. John |first=Philip A |date=April 15, 1998 |title=Bombardiers in WWII |url= |volume=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9c6Lc3CA0wUC&lpg=PA66&ots=vLadka_xNf&dq=december%201931%20bombardier%20albuquerque&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q=midland&f=false Vol II] |publisher=Turner Publishing Company |accessdate=2012-07-10 |quote=Fifty instructors arrived [at Barksdale] from the first three classes at Lowry Field, in February 1941.}} (from Volume I--cited by ancestry.com) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419160255/http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hfhm/Training/barksdale.htm |date=2012-04-19 }} 4. ^{{Citation |format=photo caption |title=Camp Bizerte… |location=Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum }} 5. ^{{Cite news |date=July 25, 1943 |title=Camp Bizerte Prepares Soldiers For Duty at the Front |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2506&dat=19430725&id=U4pJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EAwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1100,5190892 |newspaper=The News and Courier |accessdate=2013-03-24 |quote=…you may come, quite suddenly, on Bizerte. Not the North African outpost to be sure--but Camp Bizerte, an army training post designed to give soldiers, battle-bound, a taste of life in Tunisia or some overseas war area.}} 6. ^https://www.flickr.com/photos/34076827@N00/4439159715/ 7. ^{{Cite news |date=February 21, 1995 |title=Townsfolk Hope to Shoot Down Military's Bombing-Range Plans |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/405724/TOWNSFOLK-HOPE-TO-SHOOT-DOWN-MILITARYS-BOMBING-RANGE-PLANS.html?pg=all |newspaper=Deseret News |accessdate=2012-07-06}} 8. ^1 {{Cite report |title=1995 US Army Corps of Engineers report |location=St. Louis}} cited throughout the Five-Year Review Plan 9. ^1 2 {{Cite report |last=Lauber |first=John F; research by Hess, Jeffrey A.; both of Hess, Roise and Company |date=December 1993 |title=Titan Missile Test Facilities |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/co/co0300/co0348/data/co0348data.pdf |format=HAER No. CO-75 |publisher=Martin Marietta |accessdate=2012-07-23 |quote=Newsweek...1955...the IBM [Intercontinental Ballistic Missile] }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 10. ^1 http://www.astronautix.com/fam/titan.htm {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914113632/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/titan.htm |date=2010-09-14 }} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite report |title=Summary of LAFB Activities since 1937, Lowry Area History 29 September 1958 to 16 December 1961, as-built drawings. |format=Word document |location=asuwlink.uwyo.edu/~jimkirk/Lowry1A.doc |accessdate=2012-07-22 |quote=A portion of the FLBGR, then known as the Lowry Missile Site No. 1 and covering 54,446 acres, was cleared of surface MEC in 1963.}} 12. ^http://www.themilitarystandard.com/missile/titan1/silo/724-a.php 13. ^http://www.themilitarystandard.com/missile/titan1/silo/724-b.php 14. ^http://www.themilitarystandard.com/missile/titan1/silo/724-c.php 15. ^http://www.denverpost.com/ci_20755667/anadarko-hits-oil-old-lowry-bombing-range-denver 5 : Bombing ranges|Cold War military installations of the United States|Colorado National Guard|Closed installations of the United States Army|Military history of Colorado |
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