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词条 Mansplaining
释义

  1. Origins

  2. Usage

  3. Criticism

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{short description|Pejorative term}}{{pp-pc1|small=yes}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}Mansplaining (a blend word of man and the informal form splaining of the gerund explaining) is a pejorative term meaning "(of a man) to comment on or explain something to a woman in a condescending, overconfident, and often inaccurate or oversimplified manner".[1][2][3][4]

Author Rebecca Solnit ascribes the phenomenon to a combination of "overconfidence and cluelessness".[5] Lily Rothman of The Atlantic defines it as "explaining without regard to the fact that the explainee knows more than the explainer, often done by a man to a woman".[6]

In its original use, mansplaining differed from other forms of condescension in that it is rooted in the assumption that a man is likely to be more knowledgeable than a woman.[6] However, it has come to be used more broadly, often applied when a man takes a condescending tone in an explanation to anyone, regardless of the age or gender of the intended recipients: a "man 'splaining" can be delivered to any audience.[2] In 2010 it was named by the New York Times as one of its "Words of the Year".[7]

Origins

The verb splain has been in use for more than 200 years, originally as a colloquial pronunciation of explain. It came increasingly to refer to condescending or verbose explanations.[1][8] The term mansplaining was inspired by an essay, "Men Explain Things to Me: Facts Didn't Get in Their Way", written by Rebecca Solnit and published on TomDispatch.com on 13 April 2008. In the essay, Solnit told an anecdote about a man at a party who said he had heard she had written some books. She began to talk about her most recent, on Eadweard Muybridge, whereupon the man cut her off and asked if she had "heard about the very important Muybridge book that came out this year"—not considering that it might be (as, in fact, it was) Solnit's book. Solnit did not use the word mansplaining in the essay, but she described the phenomenon as "something every woman knows".[9][10]

A month later the word appeared in a comment on the social network LiveJournal.[11] It became popular among feminist bloggers before entering mainstream commentary.[11][12] The word was included in 2010 by the New York Times as one of its words of the year,[7] nominated in 2012 for the American Dialect Society's "most creative word of the year" honor,[4] and added in 2014 to the online Oxford Dictionaries.[13]

Solnit later published Men Explain Things to Me (2014), a collection of seven essays on similar themes. Women, including professionals and experts, are routinely seen or treated as less credible than men, she wrote in the title essay, and their insights or even legal testimony are dismissed unless validated by a man.[14] She argued that this was one symptom of a widespread phenomenon that "keeps women from speaking up and from being heard when they dare; that crushes young women into silence by indicating, the way harassment on the street does, that this is not their world. It trains us in self-doubt and self-limitation just as it exercises men's unsupported overconfidence."[15]

During a lecture at Moe’s Books in Berkeley, California, Solnit said, “I’m falsely credited with coining the term ‘mansplaining’. It was a 2010 New York Times word of the year. I did not actually coin it. I was a bit ambivalent about the word because it seems a little bit more condemnatory of the male of the species than I ever wanted it to be.”[16]

Usage

Journalists have used the word to describe the 2012 Republican presidential nominee, Mitt Romney;[17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry;[18] MSNBC host Lawrence O'Donnell;[19] various characters on the HBO drama series The Newsroom;[20][21][22] music executive Jimmy Iovine;[23] Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull;[24] actor Matt Damon;[25] and consumer rights advocate Ralph Nader.[26] In February 2016 the term sparked an argument between two members of a committee of the Australian Senate, when Labor senator Katy Gallagher told Communications Minister Mitch Fifield: "I love the mansplaining. I'm enjoying it."[27]

In 2013 Dictionary.com said it was adding both mansplain and the suffix (libfix) -splain to its dictionary.[28] Its announcement read in part: "In addition to being creative, this term, particularly the -splaining part, has proven to be incredibly robust and useful as a combining form in 2013." Dictionary.com noted that the meaning of mansplain had changed somewhat since 2009, from "intense and serious to casual and jocular", while older -splain words still have "heavy cultural and political connotations and are often added to the names of politicians".[28]

Mansplaining has also engendered parallel constructions such as womansplaining, whitesplaining, rightsplaining,[29] and Damonsplaining.[30][31] In November 2017 Dr. Jennifer Gunter suggested in The New York Times that the collective noun rash be used for mansplainers, as in "a rash of mansplainers", partly because "[i]n medicine a rash can be a mild annoyance that goes away and never returns."[32]

Criticism

The usefulness of the term has been disputed.[33] Given its gender-specific nature and negative connotation, Lesley Kinzel described it as inherently biased, essentialist, dismissive, and a double standard.[34] In a 2016 Washington Post article, Cathy Young wrote that it is just one of a number of terms using "man" as a derogatory prefix, and that this convention is part of a "current cycle of misandry".[35] Meghan Daum, in a 2015 Los Angeles Times article, wrote that "To suggest that men are more qualified for the designation than women is not only sexist but almost as tone deaf as categorizing everything that a man says as mansplaining."[36] In 2014 Solnit herself said she had doubts about it: "[I]t seems to me to go a little heavy on the idea that men are inherently flawed this way, rather than that some men explain things they shouldn't and don't hear things they should."[37] As the word became more popular, several commentators complained that misappropriation had diluted its original meaning.[38] Joshua Sealy-Harrington and Tom McLaughlin wrote in newspaper The Globe and Mail that the term has been used as an ad hominem to silence debate.[39] Former British member of parliament Ann Widdecombe criticized the focus on mansplaining, noting progress on gender equality within her lifetime.[40]

See also

  • Sociolinguistics
  • Teaching grandmother to suck eggs
  • Tone policing
  • Manterrupting
  • Manspreading

References

1. ^1 'Definition' Dictionary.com
2. ^1 [https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/mansplaining-definition-history Mansplaining], Merriam-Webster.com
3. ^{{cite web|last1=Steinmetz|first1=Katy|title=Clickbait, Normcore, Mansplain: Runners-Up for Oxford’s Word of the Year|date=18 November 2014|url=http://time.com/3590980/clickbait-normcore-mansplain-oxford-word-runners-up/|work=Time|accessdate=24 November 2014}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Zimmer|first1=Ben|authorlink1=Ben Zimmer|title=Tag, You're It! "Hashtag" Wins as 2012 Word of the Year|url=http://www.visualthesaurus.com/cm/wordroutes/tag-youre-it-hashtag-wins-as-2012-word-of-the-year/|website=Visual Thesaurus|accessdate=30 October 2014|date=5 January 2013}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Solnit|first1=Rebecca|authorlink1=Rebecca Solnit|title=Men still explain things to me|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/169456/men-still-explain-things-me|accessdate=30 October 2014|work=In These Times|date=20 August 2012}}
6. ^{{Cite news|title = Calling Out Academic 'Mansplaining'|date = 16 October 2012|url = http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/10/16/new-website-provides-outlet-victims-academic-mansplaining |last = Jaschik|first = Scott|newspaper = Inside Higher Ed}}
7. ^1 {{cite news|title = The Words of the Year|date = 18 December 2010|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/weekinreview/19sifton.html|last1 = Sifton|first1=Sam|first2=Grant|last2=Barrett|newspaper = The New York Times}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/articles/dictionary/mansplaining-spawns-a-new-suffix/ |title='Mansplaining' Spawns a New Suffix |first=Mark |last=Peters |publisher=Vocabulary.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|last1=Solnit|first1=Rebecca|title=Men Explain Things to Me: Facts Didn't Get in Their Way|url=http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/174918/rebecca_solnit_the_archipelago_of_arrogance|publisher=TomDispatch, The Nation Institute|date=13 April 2008}}
10. ^{{cite news|last1=Solnit|first1=Rebecca|authorlink1=Rebecca Solnit|title=Men who explain things|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/apr/13/opinion/op-solnit13|accessdate=30 October 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|date=13 April 2008}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite news|title = A Cultural History of Mansplaining|date = 1 November 2012|url = https://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2012/11/a-cultural-history-of-mansplaining/264380/|last = Rothman|first = Lily|work = The Atlantic|accessdate = 20 August 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web|last1=Doyle|first1=Sady |title=Mansplaining, Explained|url=http://inthesetimes.com/article/16552/rebecca_solnit_explains_mansplaining|website=In These Times|accessdate=30 October 2014|date=1 May 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=New words added to OxfordDictionaries.com today include binge-watch, cray, and vape|url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/press-releases/new-words-added-oxforddictionaries-com-august-2014/|website=Oxforddictionaries.com|accessdate=30 October 2014|date=August 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/118555/rebecca-solnits-men-explain-things-me-scourge-mansplaining|title=The Essay That Launched the Term "Mansplaining"|first=Helen|last=Lewis|date=4 July 2014|work=The New Republic}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culturalweekly.com/rebecca-solnits-men-explain-things/|title=On Rebecca Solnit's Men Explain Things to Me|first=Mike|last=Sonksen|date= 11 June 2014|work=Cultural Weekly}}
16. ^[https://www.ft.com/content/411bd71a-1328-11e8-8cb6-b9ccc4c4dbbb Solnit did not coin the term ‘mansplaining’] Financial Times
17. ^{{cite news|title = The Mittsplainer: An Alternate Theory of Mitt Romney's Gaffes|date = 1 August 2012|url = https://www.gq.com/news-politics/blogs/death-race/2012/08/the-mittsplainer-an-alternate-theory-of-mitt-romneys-gaffes.html|last = Cogan|first = Marin|work = GQ|accessdate = 20 August 2012}}
18. ^{{Cite news|title = Mansplaining the Mansplainer: Rick Perry's Accidental Abortion Honesty|date = 27 June 2013|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/weigel/2013/06/27/mansplaining_the_mansplainer_rick_perry_s_accidental_abortion_honesty.html|last = Weigel|first = David|newspaper = Slate|accessdate = 20 August 2013}}
19. ^{{Cite news|title = Dear Lawrence O'Donnell, Don't Mansplain to Me About Russia|date = 8 August 2013|url = https://newrepublic.com/article/114234/lawrence-odonnell-yells-julia-ioffe-about-putin-and-snowden|last = Ioffe|first = Julia|work = The New Republic|accessdate = 20 August 2013}}
20. ^{{Cite news|title = 'The Newsroom' vs. 'Honey Boo Boo': Which one really gives us more to think about?|date = 11 July 2013|url = http://www.wpost.com/entertainment/tv/the-newsroom-vs-honey-boo-boo-which-one-really-gives-us-more-to-think-about/2013/07/11/8d011ca6-e422-11e2-80eb-3145e2994a55_story_2.html|last = Stuever|first = Hank|work = The Washington Post|accessdate = 20 August 2013}}
21. ^{{cite news|title = Trying to Tolerate The Newsroom, Week Four|date = 5 August 2013|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/weigel/2013/08/05/trying_to_tolerate_the_newsroom_week_four.html|last = Weigel|first = David|work = Slate|accessdate = 20 August 2013}}
22. ^{{cite news|title = Death by Newsroom|date = 16 July 2013|url = http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/9484137/newsroom-breaking-bad-other-tv-burning-issues|last = Greenwald|first = Andy|work = Grantland|accessdate = 20 August 2013}}
23. ^{{Cite web|title = Dear Jimmy Iovine: Women Don't Need You to Mansplain Music to Them|url = http://observer.com/2015/11/dear-jimmy-iovine-women-dont-need-you-to-mansplain-music-to-them/|website = Observer|accessdate = 20 December 2015}}
24. ^{{Cite web|title = PM accused of 'mansplaining' ... but what does it mean?|url = http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/pm-accused-of-mansplaining--but-what-does-it-mean-20150916-gjo7sk.html|website = The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate = 20 December 2015}}
25. ^{{Cite web|title = Matt Damon Mansplaining Diversity On 'Project Greenlight' Is Frustrating, But There Is A Silver Lining|url = http://www.bustle.com/articles/110451-matt-damon-mansplaining-diversity-on-project-greenlight-is-frustrating-but-there-is-a-silver-lining|website = www.bustle.com|accessdate = 20 December 2015}}
26. ^{{Cite web|title = Ralph Nader Mansplains Monetary Policy to Janet Yellen|url = http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/nader-mansplains-monetary-policy-to-yellen.html|website = Daily Intelligencer|accessdate = 20 December 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/what-katy-gallagher-explains-mansplaining-to-mitch-fifield-during-fiery-estimates-showdown-20160210-gmr3u5.html |title='What?': Katy Gallagher explains mansplaining to Mitch Fifield during fiery estimates showdown |last=Ireland |first=Judith |date=11 February 2016 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}
28. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Solomon|first1=Jane|title=Word Watch 2013: -splain|url=http://blog.dictionary.com/splain/|publisher=Dictionary.com|accessdate=24 November 2014|date=6 December 2013|quote=The possibilities are seeming endless on the -splain front. This gives Dictionary.com reason to believe that -splain is not just a temporary fad, but rather a stable new addition to English along with its libfix cousins like -gate, -pocalypse, and -zilla.}}
29. ^{{cite journal | url=http://americanspeech.dukejournals.org/content/87/2/190.full.pdf+html | title=Among The New Words | last=Zimmer |first=Benjamin |last2=Carson |first2=Charles C. | journal=American Speech | year=2013 | volume=88 | issue=2 | pages=196–214 | doi=10.1215/00031283-2346771}}{{subscription required}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-34251224 |title='Damonsplaining': Matt Damon accused of insensitivity |publisher=BBC News |date=16 September 2015}}
31. ^{{cite web |first=Justin Wm. |last=Moyer |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/09/29/matt-damon-has-more-damonsplaining-to-do-this-time-about-alleged-anti-gay-comments/ |title=Matt Damon has more ‘Damonsplaining’ to do — this time about alleged anti-gay comments |work=The Washington Post |date=29 September 2015}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/style/my-vagina-is-terrific-your-opinion-about-it-is-not.html|title=My Vagina Is Terrific. Your Opinion About It Is Not.|last=Gunter|first=Jen|date=2017-11-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-11-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Do we need a different word for 'mansplaining'?|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/12/19/mansplaining-as-a-term|accessdate=11 August 2017|publisher=MPR News|date=December 19, 2016}}
34. ^{{cite news|title = Why You'll Never Hear Me Use the Term 'Mansplain'|date = 16 August 2012|url = http://www.xojane.com/issues/why-you-ll-never-hear-me-use-term-mansplain|last = Kinzel|first = Lesley|work = XoJane|accessdate = 22 August 2013}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Cathy|title=Feminists treat men badly. It’s bad for feminism|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/30/feminists-treat-men-badly-its-bad-for-feminism|work=The Washington Post|date=30 June 2016|quote=Whatever the reasons for the current cycle of misandry — yes, that’s a word, derided but also adopted for ironic use by many feminists — its existence is quite real. Consider, for example, the number of neologisms that use “man” as a derogatory prefix and that have entered everyday media language: “mansplaining,” “manspreading” and “manterrupting."}}
36. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-oe-daum-mansplaining-20150108-column.html|title=Mansplaining? Windbags come in both genders|last=Daum|first=Meghan|website=latimes.com|access-date=2018-08-20}}
37. ^{{cite book|last1=Solnit|first1=Rebecca|title=Men Explain Things to Me|date=2014|publisher=Haymarket Books|location=Chicago|page=14}}
38. ^{{cite news|last1=Hart|first1=Benjamin|title=RIP "mansplaining": How the Internet killed one of our most useful words|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/10/20/rip_mansplaining_how_the_internet_killed_one_of_our_most_useful_words/|accessdate=30 October 2014|work=Salon|date=20 October 2014}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/arguments-should-not-be-silenced-because-of-their-authors-race-or-sex/article17956547/|title=Arguments should not be silenced because of their author’s race or sex|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Tom|last2=Sealy-Harrington|first2=Joshua|work=The Globe and Mail|date=15 April 2014}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/goodmorningbritain/news/ann-widdecombe-on-gender-debate-women-are-more-equal-now-than-ever-dvccgtp8-jx3znqvy|title=Ann Widdecombe on gender debate: 'Women are more equal now than ever'|publisher=}}

External links

{{Wiktionary|mansplaining}}
  • Rebecca Solnit, Men Explain Things to Me; Facts Didn't Get in Their Way, 13 April 2008

3 : Sexism|Sociolinguistics|Words coined in the 2000s
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