“Smoke Signals (film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Smoke Signals is a Canadian-American independent film released in 1998, directed and co-produced by Chris Eyre and with a screenplay by Sherman Alexie, based on the short story "This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona" from his book The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993). The film won several awards and accolades, and was well received at numerous film festivals.

In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."^[2]

Plot

Victor Joseph (Adam Beach) and Thomas Builds-the-Fire (Evan Adams) live on the Coeur D'Alene Indian Reservation in Plummer, Idaho. Thomas is an eccentric storyteller and Victor is an angry young man who enjoys playing basketball.

Victor and Thomas are brought together through Victor's father, Arnold (Gary Farmer). Arnold rescued Thomas as an infant from a house fire that killed his parents. Because of this, Thomas considers him a hero. On the other hand, Victor, who endures Arnold's alcoholism, domestic violence, and eventual child abandonment, regards his father with both deep love and bitter resentment. Thomas and Victor grow up together as neighbors and acquaintances, fighting with each other and simultaneously forming a close, albeit uneasy, alliance.

When Arnold dies in Phoenix, Arizona, where he has stayed after leaving Victor and his mother Arlene (Tantoo Cardinal), Victor and Thomas go on an adventure to retrieve his ashes. The trip is the means for Victor and Thomas to explore their identities. Neither of them loses sight of his identity as an "Indian", but their perspectives differ. Victor is more stoic and Thomas is more traditional (and romantic to the point of watching the feature film Dances with Wolves countless times). Their dichotomy is portrayed all through the film; it results in Victor being irritated with Thomas, and Thomas being fascinated with Victor.

Once they reach Phoenix, Victor has to confront his conflicted feelings about his father, as well as his own identity. He has to grapple with a new account of Thomas's parents' death, as told by his father's friend, Suzy Song (Irene Bedard). She says that a drunken Arnold set off fireworks, accidentally starting the fire that cost Thomas his parents. The road trip by the young men leads to Thomas reconciling with the memory of his adoptive father Arnold, as he understands more of his path to alcoholism and related abuse and abandonment. Victor also gains a better understanding of Thomas and his reverence for Arnold.

Production

The film is unique as an all-Native American production: producers, director, screenwriter (Alexie), actors and technicians.

Critical reception

Reviews

The film was very well received by mainstream critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives Smoke Signals an 83% approval rating, based on 29 reviews with an average rating of 7.3/10.^[3] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".^[4]

Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a rave review, calling it, "unpretentious, funny and soulful ... Well-acted, well-written, with spare, beautiful imagery."^[5] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times described Smoke Signals as "a warm film of friendship and reconciliation, and whenever it refers to historic injustices or contemporary issues in Native American culture, it does so with wry, glancing humor. Smoke Signals is indeed poignant, but above all it's pretty funny."^[6] Marc Savlov of The Austin Chronicle called the film "poignant and slyly humorous" and "alight with oddball nuances and wry observations," saying further, "the cast is uniformly excellent in their roles, and Eyre's persistent use of long, trailing shots reinforces the story's elegiac tone. Simple and elegant, Smoke Signals is a delicious, heady debut that lingers long after the tale is told."^[7]

Susan Tavernetti of the Palo Alto Weekly, gave the film a mixed review, saying that "although sometimes the attempt to break down stereotypes seems stilted and forced, more often the result is humorous." She also said, "Chris Eyre's direction establishes an uneven tone, allowing some actors to deliver performances bordering on broad caricature while others play their roles straight." She praised the opening and closing sequences which "beautifully combine poetic voice-overs with visual lyricism."^[8] Paul Bond of the World Socialist Web Site criticized Sherman Alexie's screenplay; he felt it was not as strong as the short story collection on which it was based. Bond also believed the producers of the film made compromises based upon commercial pressures.^[9]

Awards and honors

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=smokesignals.htm|title=Smoke Signals|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=11 April 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/64bed08db5f44f69a34bd2e9678f5d40|title='Jurassic Park,' 'Shining' added to National Film Registry|website=Associated Press|date=December 12, 2018|accessdate=December 12, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/smoke_signals/ | title=Smoke Signals (1998) | work=Rotten Tomatoes | publisher=Fandango Media | accessdate=11 April 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/smoke-signals |title=Smoke Signals Reviews |work=Metacritic |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=11 April 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Smoke-Causes-Tears-of-Sadness-Joy-3002643.php |title='Smoke' Causes Tears of Sadness, Joy |last=Stack |first=Peter |work=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications |date=3 July 1998 |accessdate=11 April 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/jun/26/entertainment/ca-63611 |title= Smoke Signals: Stylish 'Signals' a Bittersweet Comedy About Friendship |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=11 April 2018 |date=26 June 1998}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/events/film/1998-07-17/smoke-signals/ |title=Smoke Signals |last=Savlov |first=Marc |date=17 July 1998 |accessdate=11 April 2018|work=The Austin Chronicle}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/movies/reviews/Smoke-Signals?review_id=1534 |title=Movie Review: Smoke Signals |last=Tavernetti |first=Susan |date=26 June 1998 |accessdate=11 April 2018 |work=Palo Alto Weekly |publisher=Embarcadero Media}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://wsws.org/arts/1998/nov1998/smo-n20.shtml |title=Stories from the reservation |accessdate=1 January 2007 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224055604/http://wsws.org/arts/1998/nov1998/smo-n20.shtml |archivedate=24 December 2007 |df= |work=World Socialist Web Site |last=Bond |first=Paul |date=20 November 1998}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/laughs500.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs Nominees|publisher=American Film Institute|work=AFI 100 Years... series|year=2002|accessdate=11 April 2018}}