| 词条 | Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret |
| 释义 |
Henry Frederick Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret PC (1735–1826) of Hawnes, Bedfordshire (known until 1776 as the Honourable Henry Frederick Thynne), was Member of Parliament for Staffordshire (1757–61), for Weobley in Herefordshire (1761–70) and was Master of the Household to King George III 1768–1771. He was hereditary Bailiff of Jersey 1776–1826. OriginsHe was the second son of Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth (1710–1751) by his second wife Louisa Carteret, daughter of John Carteret, 2nd Baron Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville (1690–1763). He was thus the younger brother of Thomas Thynne, 3rd Viscount Weymouth, later created Marquess of Bath.[2] EducationHe was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, graduating BA, and in 1753 proceeded MA. In 1769 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws.[3] CareerIn 1757 he was encouraged by his friend and 3rd cousin (both were descended from daughters and eventual co-heiresses of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701)) Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower (1721–1803) to enter Parliament for Staffordshire, when that seat had become vacant following the death of Gower's uncle, Hon. William Leveson-Gower (died 1756). In 1761 he was elected for the Herefordshire borough of Weobley, which he represented until 1770.[4] In 1762 his brother sought an office for him, leading to his appointment as Clerk Comptroller of the Green Cloth (worth £1000 per year).[5] He lost this office when the Grenville government fell in 1765, and entered into opposition. After his brother returned to office as Secretary of State in 1767,[6] Thynne returned to the Royal household as Master of the Household, a post worth over £900 which he held until 1771.[7] He was made a member of the Privy Council in 1770. In 1771 (after his brother had left office), he was given the office of joint Postmaster General, which he held until 1789. This was worth £3000 per year, and he thereupon retired from the House of Commons.[6] He gave up the postmastership in 1789, when his brother was created Marquess of Bath.[6] Inheritance & peerageIn 1776, by Act of Parliament,[8] he changed his name and arms to Carteret, in compliance with his inheritance from his childless uncle Robert Carteret, 3rd Baron Carteret, 3rd Earl Granville (1721–1776) (under the terms of the will of the latter's father John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville (1690–1763),[9] of his estates including Hawnes Park (now Haynes Park), in Bedfordshire and Kilkhampton in Cornwall (the ancient seat of the Granvilles, Earls of Bath). He also succeeded him as Bailiff of Jersey, a post (for life) long held by heads of the Carteret family. In 1784 he was created Baron Carteret, of Hawnes, thus reviving his uncle's second title. Rebuilds Hawnes ParkHawnes Park was modernised and partly rebuilt by Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret, and in 1813 consisted of two quadrangles.[11] He rebuilt the south front in about 1785-90, probably to the designs of James Lewis.[10] In 1813 Lysons reported that it contained portraits of Margaret, Countess of Lennox; the mother of Rembrandt; Sir George and Lady Carteret; John, Earl Granville, and at the foot of the staircase "an ancient view" of Longleat, seat of the Thynne family.[12]MarriageIn 1810 he married his mistress of many years, Eleanor Smart, but there were no children. Death & successionHe died in 1826 and was succeeded as 2nd Baron by his younger nephew Lord George Thynne (1770–1838) in accordance with a special remainder in the patent when he was created baron.[6] His simple white marble mural monument with bust survives in Kilkhampton Church, Cornwall, inscribed: {{Thynne family tree}}"Henry Frederick Thynne. Born November 1735. Privy Counsellor, Bailiff of Jersey, Baron Carteret of Hawnes. Died June 1826" References1. ^ {{S-start}}{{s-par|gb}}{{s-bef|before= Hon. William Leveson-Gower2. ^Burke's Peerage (1939 edn), s.v. Bath, Marquess. 3. ^{{acad|id=THN752HF|name=Thynne, The Hon. Henry Frederick}} 4. ^{{Rayment-hc|date=March 2012}} 5. ^'The household below stairs: Clerks of the Green Cloth 1660-1782', Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (revised): Court Officers, 1660-1837 (2006), pp. 403-40.British History online, accessed 9 August 2008. 6. ^1 2 3 Roland Thorne, ‘Carteret , Henry Frederick, first Baron Carteret of Hawnes (1735–1826)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008), accessed 9 Aug 2008 7. ^British History online, accessed 9 August 2008. 8. ^The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, Volume 96, Part 2, August 1826, p.174, Obituary [https://books.google.com/books?id=N6hJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA174] 9. ^Victoria County History, Bedford, Volume 2, William Page (editor), 1908, pp.338-344, Parishes: Hawnes or Haynes 10. ^1 Listed building text 11. ^Lysons, Daniel & Samuel, Magna Britannia, Vol.I, Part I, Bedfordshire, London, 1813, p.93 [https://books.google.com/books?id=zvnmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA93] 12. ^Lysons, 1813 William Bagot }}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Staffordshire | with = William Bagot |years= 1756–1761}}{{s-aft|after= Lord Grey William Bagot}}{{s-bef|before= George Venables-Vernon John Craster}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Weobley | with = Marquess of Titchfield 1761–1762 William Lynch 1762–1768 The Lord Irnham 1768–1770 |years= 1761–1770}}{{s-aft|after=Bamber Gascoyne The Lord Irnham}}{{s-court}}{{s-bef|before= John Harris}}{{s-ttl|title= Master of the Household |years= 1768–1771}}{{s-aft|after= Sir Francis Drake}}{{s-gov}}{{s-bef|before= The Earl of Sandwich Unknown}}{{s-ttl|title= Postmaster General of the United Kingdom | with = The Lord le Despencer 1771–1782 The Viscount Barrington 1782 The Earl of Tankerville 1782–1783, 1784–1786 The Lord Foley 1783–1784 The Earl of Clarendon 1786 The Lord Walsingham 1787–1789 |years=1771–1789}}{{s-aft|after=The Lord Walsingham The Earl of Westmorland}}{{s-legal}}{{s-bef|before= The Earl Granville }}{{s-ttl|title= Bailiff of Jersey |years= 1776–1826}}{{s-aft|after= Thomas Le Breton}}{{s-hon}}{{s-bef|before=Lord Charles Spencer}}{{s-ttl|title=Senior Privy Counsellor|years=1820–1826}}{{s-aft|after=Lord Robert Spencer}}{{s-reg|gb}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl|title= Baron Carteret |years=1784–1826}}{{s-aft|after= George Thynne}}{{S-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Carteret, Henry Carteret, 1st Baron}} 15 : 1735 births|1826 deaths|Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge|British MPs 1754–61|British MPs 1761–68|British MPs 1768–74|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain|Masters of the Household|United Kingdom Postmasters General|Bailiffs of Jersey|Younger sons of viscounts|Jersey law|Barons Carteret|Peers of Great Britain created by George III |
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