| 词条 | Minhocão (São Paulo) |
| 释义 |
|country=BRA |name=Minhocão |maint = |state=São Paulo |type= |route= |alternate_name=Via Elevada "Presidente João Goulart" |marker_image= |subtype= |map= |map_notes= |image=Minhocão '.JPG |image_alt= |image_notes=Minhocão alongside buildings |time_period= |length_km=3.5 |length_notes= |established=1970 |restrictions= |history= |status= |e-road= |ahn= |tahn= |mrn= |established_by= |header_type= |beltway_city= |junction= |direction_a= South |terminus_a=Praça Roosevelt - Rua da Consolação in São Paulo |direction_b=West |terminus_b=Largo Padre Péricles - Avenida Francisco Matarazzo in São Paulo |system= |previous_route= |browse= |previous_type= |browse_route= |next_type= |next_route= |previous_dab= |next_dab= }} The Minhocão, officially "Via Elevada Presidente João Goulart", is a {{convert|2.2|mi|km|adj=on|abbr=off|order=flip}} elevated highway in São Paulo, Brazil. The highway was inaugurated in 1969 as Elevado Presidente Costa e Silva; its name was changed in 2016 after a law was passed changing names of all streets honoring people involved with the Brazilian military dictatorship.[1] Between 21:30 and 06:30 on weekdays and all day on Sundays, the highway is closed to car traffic, allowing dedicated use by pedestrians and cyclists. The road is named after the minhocão, a quasi-fictitious earthworm-like creature. Local urban planners have long advocated tearing down the road in order to promote urban renewal.[2][3] HistoryIn 1969, an elevated roadway was proposed by the administration of São Paulo Mayor Paulo Maluf to help relieve traffic congestion in central São Paulo.[4] Work on the highway, the largest infrastructure project of its time in Latin America, was completed in 1970.[2] Because of the noise and disturbance caused to residents—in many places the roadbed passes within {{convert|15|ft|m|0|order=flip|abbr=off}} of apartment windows—in 1976 the municipal administration decided to close the highway to automobile traffic on Sundays and holidays. In the 1990s, residents and the administration also brokered an agreement to close the highway between the hours of 21:30 and 06:30.[5] Current useOn weekdays, traffic volume on the elevated roadway exceeds 80,000 vehicles per day.[2] In popular cultureThe highway's accessibility for videography has been featured extensively in Brazilian cinema, including the film Foreign Land, and in several English-language films, including Blindness and a segment of All the Invisible Children directed by Kátia Lund.[6] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/noticia/2016/07/lei-que-muda-nome-do-minhocao-para-elevado-joao-goulart-e-sancionada.html|title=Lei que muda nome do Minhocão para Elevado João Goulart é sancionada|date=2016-07-25|language=pt-BR|access-date=2016-08-14}} {{Highways of the city of São Paulo}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Minhocao (Sao Paulo)}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Gossman |first=Christina |title=Finding relief in the world's most congested city: a Sunday afternoon on São Paulo's Minhocão |website= Atlantic Cities |date=18 May 2012 |url=http://www.theatlanticcities.com/arts-and-lifestyle/2012/05/finding-relief-worlds-most-congested-city-sunday-afternoon-minhocao/2040/ |accessdate=29 September 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web |last=Au |first=Bryant |title=nhocão - São Paulo's "Big Worm"" |date=7 June 2012 |website=Congress for the New Urbanism |url=http://www.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2012/06/highway-spotlight-minhoc%C3%A3o-s%C3%A3o-paulos-big-worm |accessdate=29 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114336/http://www.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2012/06/highway-spotlight-minhoc%C3%A3o-s%C3%A3o-paulos-big-worm |archivedate=6 October 2014 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite AV media |people= |year=1969 |title=Paulo Maluf anuncia construção do Minhocão |trans-title=Paulo Maluf announces the construction of the Minhocão |medium=Motion picture |language=Portuguese |location=São Paulo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j44cTNnDHps |accessdate=29 September 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web |last=Stiphany |first=Kristine |title=Focus on Brazil: The Minhocão |website=Deep Focus |publisher=University of Texas |date=4 June 2013 |url=http://sites.utexas.edu/utsoa-deepfocus/2013/06/focus-on-brazil-the-minhocao/ |accessdate=30 September 2014}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Pinazza |first=Natália |chapter=Transnational Minhocão |editor1-last=Pinazza |editor1-first=Natália |editor2-last=Bayman |editor2-first=Louis |title=World Film Locations: São Paulo |date=2013 |publisher=Intellect Books |isbn=9781783200290}} 3 : Highways in São Paulo (state)|Streets in São Paulo|Linear parks |
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