“Augusto C. Sandino International Airport”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Augusto C. Sandino International Airport ({{lang-es|link=no|Aeropuerto Internacional Augusto C. Sandino}}) {{airport codes|MGA|MNMG}} or ACS is the main joint civil-military public international airport in Managua, Nicaragua named after Nicaraguan revolutionary Augusto Nicolás Sandino and located in the City's 6th ward, known locally as Distrito 6. Originally christened as Las Mercedes Airport in 1968, it was later renamed Augusto C. Sandino International Airport during the Sandinista government in the 1980s and again in 2001 to Managua International Airport by then-president Arnoldo Alemán. Its name was changed once more in February 2007 to its current name by President Daniel Ortega to honor the revolutionary.^[3] Managua also has an alternative landing strip at Punta Huete Airport. Punta Huete was designed for larger aircraft. This alternative landing site, however, does not service commercial aircraft. The airport is managed by the state-run Administrative Company of International Airports, more commonly known as the EAAI given its Spanish name, the Empresa Administradora de Aeropuertos Internacionales.

The runway at the airport is 8,012 ft long, and it is located at an elevation of 194 feet. With 1.4 million passengers in 2013, ACS is currently the fifth busiest airport by passenger traffic in Central America and it also serves as a focus city for the Panamanian airline Copa Airlines. Augusto C. Sandino International Airport has direct scheduled service to destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and South America.

History

Before ACS, there was the old Xolotlan Airport, about 2 miles east of Managua, built in 1915 which very soon became too small for Managua's airline service growth. Thus, on January 22, 1942, the Nicaraguan Government and Pan American Airways signed a contract to construct an airport by Las Mercedes Country Estate which inspired the name for Las Mercedes Airport.^[4] Las Mercedes was further upgraded, re-designed to handle Boeing 707 aircraft, and re-inaugurated on July 4, 1968, by Anastasio Somoza Debayle.^[5]

In the early 1970s, Las Mercedes was expanded to more modern standards, such as four health inspectors, eight immigration officers and ten customs inspectors.^[6] It was considered fully equipped, having air conditioning, background music, loudspeakers and conveyor belts for baggage handling.^[7] It also had a restaurant on its upper floor where visitors and travelers could see airport movement.

The expanded airport could serve three aircraft at once and by 1975 LANICA, the National Airline of Nicaragua, as well as many well known carriers Pan Am, KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines), Taca Airlines, Sahsa, Avianca, Iberia, SAM, TAN, Varig, and smaller local carriers, flew into Las Mercedes. When the Sandinistas took power, the airport was named after Augusto César Sandino, a Nicaraguan revolutionary and guerrilla leader, after whom the Sandinista movement is named. The Sandinistas however did not maintain the airport, and it began to deteriorate until it was expanded and remodeled in 1996, when, among other things, two new boarding bridges were installed.^[6] The airport was renamed "Managua International Airport" in 2001 by then President Arnoldo Alemán and renamed again in 2007 to its current name by President Daniel Ortega In mid 2007, President Daniel Ortega renamed the airport in honor of Sandino. Nicaraguan artist Róger Pérez de la Rocha has created two large portraits of Augusto César Sandino, and Rubén Darío which they lay at the airports lobby.^[8]

Las Mercedes served for a very long time as a hub for Nicaragua's flag carriers Lanica (until 1978), Aeronica from 1979 to the 80's and NICA afterwards. When NICA became a member of Grupo TACA during the 1990s, the number of important connections to the rest of Latin America from which ACS grew considerably.

According to EAAI (Empresa Administradora de Aeropuertos Internacionales) ACS is the most modern airport in Central America and the 4th safest in the world. It is located just {{convert|11|km|0|abbr=on}} from Managua's downtown, has a runway which measures {{convert|8015|ft|0|abbr=on}} in length and is at an elevation of {{convert|194|ft|0|abbr=on}}.^[9]

Embraer 190s, Airbus A300, Airbus A310, Airbus A320, Airbus A330, Airbus 340 Boeing 737s, Boeing 747s, Boeing 757s, Boeing 767s, Lockheed L-1011 TriStars and McDonnell Douglas DC-10s can land at the airport.

Expansion

A large expansion programme was underway by 2003 and as of July 2006 the final phase was completed with 7 gates equipped with jetways, and room for 20 airplanes to park. It had been reported in the recent past that the runway would be lengthened by {{convert|800|m|0|abbr=on}}, but to date this projected has not begun, despite the government's great achievements in building new airports elsewhere in Nicaragua, or greatly overhauling existing airport/airfield infrastructure in other locations as well.^[10]

About 360 individuals are employed at the airport. Facilities within the airport include a tourist information desk, bank, restaurants, bars, post office, souvenir shops, duty-free shops, lounges and more. To make use of the VIP lounge there are five rate options: Normal, Corporate, Affiliated Credit Cards, Minors and Infants. The types of services in the VIP lounge include checking baggage and documents with customs and immigration plus the airline; a bar service; snacks etc.^[11]

Operations

Augusto C. Sandino International Airport is Nicaragua's main international gateway. Domestic flights fly between Bluefields and the Corn Islands airports while also serving a number of airstrips to the country's east. The airport is accessed by the Panamerican Highway, known as the Carretera Norte. The airport serves as the hub for Avianca Nicaragua.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Avianca Nicaragua|Bluefields, Bonanza, Corn Island, Emerald Coast, Ometepe, Puerto Cabezas, Rosita, San Carlos, San Juan de Nicaragua (Greytown), Siuna, Tegucigalpa, Waspam
Charter: Montelimar Beach|

Cargo

Statistics

Traffic figures

Top international destinations

Traffic Share of Airlines flying to MGA

See also

References

1. ^{{es icon}}Publicación de Información Aeronáutica de la República de Nicaragua
2. ^{{es icon}} Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2016
3. ^{{cite news| first=Mirna| last=Velásquez SevillaMi| author2=| title=Aeropuerto vuelve a ser Sandino| date=| publisher=| url=http://www-ni.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2007/febrero/15/noticias/nacionales/173582.shtml| work=La Prensa| pages=| accessdate=October 17, 2007| language=Spanish| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023759/http://www-ni.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2007/febrero/15/noticias/nacionales/173582.shtml| archivedate=September 27, 2007| deadurl=yes| df=}}
4. ^{{cite news|first= |last= |author2= |title=Aeropuerto Internacional "Augusto C. Sandino" |publisher=EAAI |url=http://www.eaai.com.ni/historia.pdf |page=2 |accessdate=February 14, 2008 |language=Spanish |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626205613/http://www.eaai.com.ni/historia.pdf |archivedate=June 26, 2007 }}
5. ^{{cite news | first=Kathryn | last=Westcott | author2= | title=Flying from where?; Cultural Heritage | date= May 22, 2006| publisher= | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4763125.stm | work =BBC News | pages = | accessdate = October 17, 2007 | language = | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071011233921/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4763125.stm| archivedate= October 11, 2007| deadurl= no}}
6. ^¹{{cite news|first= |last= |author2= |title=History |date= |publisher=EAAI |url=http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/historia/index.shtml |work= |pages= |accessdate=October 17, 2007 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810010213/http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/historia/index.shtml |archivedate=August 10, 2007 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
7. ^{{cite news | first= | last= | author2= | title=Managua International Airport | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.airplanes.com/airports/nicaragua/managua-intl-airport/ | work =Airplanes.com | pages = | accessdate = October 17, 2007 | language = | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012083539/http://www.airplanes.com/airports/nicaragua/managua-intl-airport/| archivedate= October 12, 2007| deadurl= no}}
8. ^"Cultural" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409014106/http://archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2000/febrero/19-febrero-2000/cultural/cultural7.html |date=2014-04-09 }}, El Nuevo Diario, 19 February 2000
9. ^{{cite news|first= |last= |author2= |title=Technical Information |date= |publisher=EAAI |url=http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/informacion/tecnica.shtml |work= |pages= |accessdate=October 17, 2007 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808031912/http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/informacion/tecnica.shtml |archivedate=August 8, 2007 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
10. ^{{cite news|first= |last= |author2= |title=Projects in Progress |date= |publisher=EAAI |url=http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/proyectos/index.shtml |work= |pages= |accessdate=October 17, 2007 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808093621/http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/proyectos/index.shtml |archivedate=August 8, 2007 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
11. ^{{cite news|first= |last= |author2= |title=VIP Lounge |date= |publisher=EAAI |url=http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/servicios/vip.shtml |work= |pages= |accessdate=October 17, 2007 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809165035/http://www.eaai.com.ni/english/servicios/vip.shtml |archivedate=August 9, 2007 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
12. ^Anuario Estadistico 2007. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
13. ^Anuario Estadistico 2008. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
14. ^Anuario Estadistico 2009. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
15. ^Anuario Estadistico 2010. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
16. ^Anuario Estadistico 2011. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
17. ^Anuario Estadistico 2012. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
18. ^Anuario Estadistico 2013. Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil
19. ^Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2014. Ministerio de Transporte e Infraestructura (MTI)
20. ^Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2015. Ministerio de Transporte e Infraestructura (MTI)
21. ^Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2016. Ministerio de Transporte e Infraestructura (MTI)
22. ^Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2014. Ministerio de Transporte e Infraestructura (MTI)
23. ^Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2015. Ministerio de Transporte e Infraestructura (MTI)
24. ^Anuario Estadístico de Transporte de Nicaragua 2016. Ministerio de Transporte e Infraestructura (MTI)