| 词条 | National Association for Gun Rights |
| 释义 |
|name = National Association for Gun Rights, Inc. |image = NAGR logo.png |caption = Logo of National Association for Gun Rights |headquarters = Windsor, Colorado |formation = {{start date and age|2000|03|29}}[1] |leader_title=Board Chairman |leader_name=David Warrington[2] |leader_title2=President |leader_name2=Dudley Brown[2] |leader_title3=Vice President of Political Affairs |leader_name3=Zach Lautenschlager[3] |tax_id = 54-2015951[2] |status = 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization[2] |employees = 64[2] |employees_year = 2014 |volunteers = 0[2] |volunteers_year = 2014 |revenue = $12,451,900[2] |revenue_year = 2014 |expenses = $12,473,252[2] |expenses_year = 2014 |subsidiaries = Front Range Enterprises and Communications[2] |website = {{URL|http://www.nationalgunrights.org}} }} The National Association for Gun Rights (NAGR) is a conservative gun rights advocacy group in the United States.[4][5] They maintain an affiliated PAC and a nonprofit legal foundation. Officially incorporated in Virginia on March 29, 2000,[1] NAGR was founded by Dudley Brown as a national companion organization to Rocky Mountain Gun Owners.[6][7] NAGR is a rival of the National Rifle Association and considers itself the "conservative alternative" to the NRA. The group spends most of its energy attacking lawmakers deemed too soft on Second Amendment issues via direct mail, robocalls and low-cost television ads.[8] The group has gained notoriety for its aggressive lobbying tactics and attack ads.[9] ActivitiesNational Association for Gun Rights is opposed to the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty.[10] The organization is also opposed to legislative actions on high-capacity magazines.[11] National Association for Gun Rights opposes efforts led by Citizens for Self-Governance to call a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution to rein in the powers of the federal government.[12][13] When a vacancy arose in the Colorado State Legislature in 2012, NAGR supported Tim Neville over State Representative Jim Kerr, whom they felt was not sufficiently supportive of Second Amendment rights.[14] In 2012, National Association for Gun Rights sued the state of Montana over state laws that may require the organization to register as a political committee prior to mailing postcards critical of Montana Attorney General Steve Bullock's record on gun rights.[15] According to the IRS, "a section 501(c)(4)... may engage in some political activities, so long as that is not its primary activity."[16] National Association for Gun Rights' request for a preliminary injunction was denied in October.[17] Bullock was elected Governor the following month. In March 2015, National Association for Gun Rights was involved in opposing gun control measures in Vermont. The NAGR campaigned to stop the Vermont state legislature from passing SB 141.[18] Also in March 2015, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) initiated a rule change that would ban M855 ball ammunition for civilian use. NAGR reported delivering 132,662 petitions to the ATF that urged the agency to stop the ammunition ban.[19] National Association for Gun Rights supports the passage of no-permit Constitutional carry.[20][21] In April 2015, NAGR supported Kansas bill SB 45, which allows for Constitutional carry.[22][23] NAGR representatives were present at the bill signing on April 2.[24] In June 2015, National Association for Gun Rights sent out mailers targeting Republican William J. Howell, the Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates. According to The Washington Post, NAGR's mailer "Portrayed Howell as being friendly to rapists" by depicting a woman cowering before a knife-wielding assailant alongside the text "Speaker Bill Howell thinks you should be left vulnerable to armed thugs and rapists!" Howell had been endorsed by the NRA and said he was a "100 percent supporter of the Second Amendment". Howell described the mailers as "pretty low by even today's political standards".[25] In 2015, the Colorado State Legislature considered amending a 2013 law that limited magazines to 15 rounds. The legislature wanted to increase the limit to 30 rounds. Brown rejected the proposed increase on the grounds that there should be no limit at all. NAGR was criticized for their position, with Jon Caldara of the libertarian Independence Institute calling NAGR head Dudley Brown a "bully".[26] Disagreement with the National Rifle AssociationIn November 2011, the U.S. House passed legislation that would require states that issue concealed gun permits to recognize similar licenses from other states. The bill was supported by the National Rifle Association which considered it to be a top priority, but opposed by the NAGR on the basis that it could become a "Trojan horse for more gun control".[27] A 2014 Newsmax article compared the NRA and NAGR, noting differences such as the NRA's substantially larger budget.[28] In 2013, NAGR spent close to $1.9 million on gun lobbying during the first three months of the year, while the NRA reported spending $700,000 on the same issue.[29] The NRA has referred to NAGR leader Dudley Brown as "the Al Sharpton of the gun movement".[40] National Foundation for Gun RightsThrough its foundation, National Association for Gun Rights filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Postal Service, Bonidy v. USPS for prohibiting the carrying of firearms on Postal Service property.[30] The 10th circuit ruled in favor of the gun ban, and the Supreme Court refused to consider the case.[31] During the McDonald v. Chicago Supreme Court case, an amicus brief filed by NAGR was cited by the court prior to the victory for gun owners.[32] Political action committeeThe National Association for Gun Rights PAC (NAGR-PAC) is an affiliated political action committee registered with the Federal Election Commission. Founded in 2010, it endorsed and donated to several candidates for federal office, including Paul Broun (R-GA), Cory Gardner (R-CO),[33] Sharron Angle, Ken Buck, and Rand Paul (R-KY).[34] In the 2012 election cycle, NAGR-PAC endorsed Richard Mourdock, who defeated Dick Lugar for the Republican U.S. Senate nomination in Indiana, with an initial contribution of $4,500 to his campaign;[35][36] Steve Daines, who ran a successful campaign for Montana's at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives;[37] and Steve Stockman who ran a successful campaign for Texas's 36th congressional district.[38] NAGR-PAC spent $83,312 in election-related expenses during the 2012 election cycle.[39] NAGR hired its first federal lobbyist in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting that occurred in December 2012.[40] In the 2014 election cycle, NAGR's endorsements included Chris McDaniel (R-MS), Scott Renfroe (R-CO), Joe Miller (R-AK) and Mike Turner (R-OH).[41] NAGR sent out mailers in the 2016 Texas state legislative primary season that "walked a fine line under new and still untested state ethics law", according to the Houston Chronicle.[42] ReceptionIn August 2013, National Association for Gun Rights and Dudley Brown were profiled in a 5280 magazine story. According to the article, Brown "savagely and routinely attacks candidates and officeholders unwilling to pledge, in writing, their absolute loyalty to Brown on Second Amendment issues". NAGR was described as a "fund-raising machine that bullies anyone who compromises Brown's pro-gun, anti-abortion, anti-gay agenda." Former Colorado Republican State Representative B.J. Nikkel said Brown "is a political terrorist and a modern-day charlatan who operates in the shadows and portrays himself as a supposed 'Christian,' but he uses the people naive enough to believe him and financially support him".[43] Mother Jones magazine included NAGR on a list of "7 Gun Groups That Make the NRA Look Reasonable".[44]In 2013, FactCheck.org, in a piece called "Gun Rights Group's Aim Is Way Off", found that NAGR "is going after three congressmen with 'A' ratings from the National Rifle Association by falsely claiming they support President Obama's gun control agenda".[45] National Association for Gun Rights has been criticized for its fundraising practices. Former Republican Colorado Governor Bill Owens said Brown "makes his money when there's turmoil, real or perceived, because that's what gets his members to write him checks". Ammoland wrote that Brown's "rhetoric has done more to marginalize Second Amendment activism than all of the slanders from gun prohibition lobbying groups combined".[46] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://sccefile.scc.virginia.gov/Business/0537656 |title=National Association for Gun Rights, Inc. |publisher=Virginia State Corporation Commission |accessdate=April 15, 2016}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax". National Association for Gun Rights, Inc. Guidestar. December 31, 2014. 3. ^{{cite web |title=Staff |publisher=National Association for Gun Rights |url=https://nationalgunrights.org/about-nagr/staff}} 4. ^{{cite news |last1=Schouten |first1=Fredreka |title=Ultra-conservative gun group outspends NRA on lobbying |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/05/02/lobbying-nra-national-association-for-gun-rights/2130047/ |newspaper=USA Today |date=May 2, 2013 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 5. ^{{cite news |last1=Corn |first1=David |title=Cruz Campaign Accuses Paul and Rubio of Wimping Out on Gun Rights After Newtown |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/04/cruz-paul-rubio-gun-rights/ |publisher=Mother Jones |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite news |last=O'Conell |first=Vanessa |title=Gun Advocates Open a New Front:Saying NRA Isn't Imaginative, Splinter Groups Seek More Aggressive Tactics |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704508904575192162324152350?mod=googlewsj |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=2010-04-19 |accessdate=2013-11-13}} 7. ^{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Valerie |title=Colorado gun advocates in firefight over raising magazine limits to 30 rounds |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/apr/20/colorado-gun-advocates-firefight-over-raising-maga/?page=all |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=April 20, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 8. ^{{cite news |last1=Stokols |first1=Eli |title=The truth about the NRA's snub of Rand Paul |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/rand-paul-nra-explains-no-invitation-116818.html |newspaper=Politico |date=April 9, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite news |last1=Childress |first1=Sarah |title=How the Gun-Rights Lobby Won After Newtown |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-the-gun-rights-lobby-won-after-newtown/ |work=Frontline |publisher=PBS |date=December 10, 2013 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=EDITORIAL: The U.N. gun grabber |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/may/27/the-un-gun-grabber/ |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=May 27, 2010 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 11. ^{{cite news |last=Jervis |first=Jervis |title=Gun control advocates target high-capacity magazines |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-07-31/gun-control-colorado-theater-shooting/56621536/1 |newspaper=USA Today |date=2012-07-31 |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 12. ^{{cite news |last1=Dunaway |first1=Rita |title=How This 'Gun Rights Group' Is Profoundly Damaging Your Second Amendment Rights |url=http://www.theblaze.com/contributions/how-this-gun-rights-group-is-profoundly-damaging-your-second-amendment-rights/ |publisher=The Blaze |date=February 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 13. ^{{cite news |last1=Menges |first1=Bob |title=Response to the National Association for Gun Rights |url=http://www.conventionofstates.com/response_to_the_national_association_for_gun_rights |work=Convention of States |publisher=Citizens for Self-Governance |accessdate=March 31, 2016}}{{dead link |date=November 2018}} 14. ^{{cite news |last1=Marcus |first1=Peter |title=Rival pro-gun groups' explosive relationship triggers political hits |url=http://coloradostatesman.com/content/993288-rival-pro-gun-groups%3F-explosive-relationship-triggers-political-hits |newspaper=The Colorado Statesman |date=February 3, 2012 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 15. ^{{cite news |last=Youderian |first=Annie |title=Gun-Rights Group Takes Aim at Montana Laws |url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2012/10/05/51000.htm |publisher=Courthouse News Service |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Requirements for Exemption |url=https://www.irs.gov/Charities-&-Non-Profits/Other-Non-Profits/Requirements-for-Exemption |publisher=Internal Revenue Service}} 17. ^{{cite news |title=Judge denies request to bypass disclosure law |url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/judge-denies-request-to-bypass-disclosure-law/article_1df1e676-2445-544c-8bf8-3fbfd548749b.html |newspaper=Billings Gazette |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=A Gun Battle in Vermont |url=http://truenorthreports.com/a-gun-battle-in-vermont |publisher=True North Reports |accessdate=April 9, 2015}} 19. ^{{cite news |url=http://freebeacon.com/issues/atf-received-more-than-310000-comments-on-ammo-ban/ |title=ATF Received More than 310,000 Comments on Ammo Ban |access-date=April 14, 2015 |date=March 18, 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web |title=Memorandum HB 1092 - Priola -2/9/12 |url=http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2012a/commsumm.nsf/b4a3962433b52fa787256e5f00670a71/3b42ccb9a81cc93f872579a000005922/$FILE/HseJud0209AttachE.pdf |publisher=National Association for Gun Rights |via=Colorado House Judiciary Committee |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 21. ^{{cite web |title=Hearings on Constitutional Carry and Preemption this Thursday. |url=http://www.nhfc-ontarget.org/2012/01/action-alerts/hearings-on-constitutional-carry-and-preemption-this-thursday/ |publisher=New Hampshire Firearms Coalition, Inc. |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 22. ^{{cite web |author=Daniel Xu |date=April 6, 2015 |title=Kansas Governor Signs Constitutional Carry Bill into Law |publisher=Outdoorhub |url=https://www.outdoorhub.com/news/2015/04/06/kansas-governor-signs-constitutional-carry-bill-law/ |access-date=April 9, 2015}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hdnews.net/news/local/kansas-house-oks-no-permit-carry-law/article_a5da00ae-d3e7-5cc0-b184-7f258d6201ed.html |title=Kansas House OKs no-permit carry law |author=Tim Carpenter |date=March 26, 2015 |newspaper=Hays Daily News |access-date=15 February 2015}} 24. ^{{cite news |title=Gov. Sam Brownback to sign bill allowing unlicensed conceal-carry |url=http://cjonline.com/news/2015-04-01/gov-sam-brownback-sign-bill-allowing-unlicensed-conceal-carry#gsc.tab=0 |newspaper=Topeka Capital Journal |access-date=April 9, 2015}} 25. ^{{cite news |last1=Vozzella |first1=Laura|title=Gun rights group targets Virginia's House speaker with graphic mailer|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/gun-rights-group-portrays-va-house-speaker-as-friend-to-rapists/2015/06/06/50e8e118-0c52-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 6, 2015 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 26. ^{{cite news |last1=Caldara |first1=Jon |title=Caldara: Stand up to Dudley Brown's gun-rights bullying |url=http://www.greeleytribune.com/news/16224843-113/caldara-stand-up-to-dudley-browns-gun-rights-bullying# |newspaper=Greeley Tribune |date=May 6, 2015 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 27. ^{{cite news |title=House approves bill making travel easier for gun owners |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/17/us/politics/house-approves-bill-making-travel-easier-for-gun-owners.html?_r=0&gwh=AD3285567436306F3E44367CB2499979&gwt=pay |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2011 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 28. ^{{cite news |last1=Chilson |first1=Morgan |title=National Association for Gun Rights vs. NRA: How Do They Differ? |url=http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/national-association-for-gun-rights-nra-differ/2014/10/12/id/600067/ |publisher=Newsmax |date=October 12, 2014 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 29. ^{{cite news |last1=Schouten |first1=Fredreka |title=Ultra-conservative gun group outspends NRA on lobbying |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/05/02/lobbying-nra-national-association-for-gun-%20rights/2130047/ |newspaper=USA Today |date=May 2, 2013 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 30. ^{{cite news |date=November 28, 2011 |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/11/28/Suit-over-Postal-Service-gun-ban-proceeds/UPI-23271322523497/ |title=Suit over Postal Service gun ban proceeds |publisher=United Press International}} 31. ^{{cite web |url=http://blog.californiarighttocarry.org/?page_id=1646 |title=Bonidy v USPS 13-1391 (Bonidy Appeal) 10th Circuit – CERT DENIED |publisher=California Right To Carry |access-date=2016-04-16}}{{dead link|date=November 2018}} 32. ^{{cite web |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1684688|author=James M. Manley |author2=Steven J. Lechner |date=November 23, 2009 |ssrn=1684688 |title=Amicus Brief in McDonald v. Chicago: On Behalf of Rocky Mountain Gun Owners and National Association for Gun Rights}} 33. ^{{cite news |last=Sandoval |first=Michael |title=NRA Set to Endorse Democrat Markey (CO-4) |publisher=National Review Online |date=September 16, 2010 |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/battle10/245881/nra-set-endorse-democrat-markey-co-4-michael-sandoval |accessdate=March 28, 2013}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://query.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/com_supopp/C00481200/ |title=Committees And Candidates Supported/Opposed |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023092522/http://query.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/com_supopp/C00481200/|archivedate=2015-10-23|df=}} 35. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20120202/NEWS0502/202020362/Reports-show-where-money-going-congressional-races |newspaper=The Indianapolis Star |title=Report shows where the money is going in Congressional races |date=February 1, 2012 |accessdate=April 15, 2012}} 36. ^{{cite web |title=Editing National Association for Gun Rights Inc PAC |url=http://images.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecimg/?C00481200 |publisher=Federal Election Commission |accessdate=2012-11-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002122/http://images.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecimg/?C00481200 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df=}} 37. ^{{cite web |title=Top Contributors, 2012 Race: Montana District 01 |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/races/contrib.php?cycle=2012&id=MT01 |publisher=Center for Responsive Politics |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 38. ^{{cite web |title=Top Contributors, 2012 Race: Texas District 36 |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/races/contrib.php?cycle=2012&id=TX36 |publisher=Center for Responsive Politics |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 39. ^{{cite web |title=National Assn for Gun Rights Expenditures |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00481200&cycle=2012 |publisher=Center for Responsive Politics |accessdate=2012-11-13}} 40. ^{{cite news |last1=Choma |first1=Russ |title=No-Compromise Gun Group Drives Lobbying |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2013/05/no-compromise-gun-group-drives-lobb/ |publisher=Center for Responsive Politics |date=May 2, 2013 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 41. ^{{cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=D. |title=NAGR: These 12 men will protect your gun rights |url=http://bearingarms.com/nagr-these-12-men-will-protect-your-gun-rights/ |publisher=Bearing Arms |date=May 19, 2014 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}} 42. ^{{cite news |last1=Saleh Rauf |first1=David |title=Sham issues ads or advocacy? |url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/local/article/Sham-issues-ads-or-advocacy-6883717.php?t=dd6967d70b438d9cbb |newspaper=Houston Chronicle |date=March 10, 2016 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 43. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Stokols |first1=Eli |title=Dudley Brown's War |url=http://www.5280.com/magazine/2013/08/Dudley-browns-war?page=full |publisher=5280 |date=August 2013 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 44. ^{{cite news |last1=Suebsaeng |first1=Asawin |title=7 Gun Groups That Make the NRA Look Reasonable |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/01/gun-appreciation-day-groups |publisher=Mother Jones |date=January 19, 2013 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 45. ^{{cite news |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |title=Gun Rights Group's Aim Is Way Off|url=http://www.factcheck.org/2013/04/gun-rights-groups-aim-is-way-off/ |publisher=FactCheck.org |date=April 5, 2013 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} 46. ^{{cite news |title=Dudley Brown & NAGR's Despicable Deception |url=http://www.ammoland.com/2014/05/dudley-browns-despicable-deception/\\ |publisher=Ammoland |date=May 21, 2014 |accessdate=March 31, 2016}} External links
4 : 501(c)(4) nonprofit organizations|Gun rights advocacy groups in the United States|2000 establishments in the United States|Organizations established in 2000 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。