| 释义 |
- Astronomy and space exploration
- Biology
- Cartography
- Chemistry
- Computer science
- Cryptography
- Earth sciences
- History of science
- Mathematics
- Physiology and medicine
- Psychology
- Technology
- Institutions
- Awards
- Births
- Deaths
- References
{{Year nav topic5|1973|science}}The year 1973 in science and technology involved one significant event, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration- March 7 – Comet Kohoutek is discovered
- April 6 – Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft
- May 14 – Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
- Solar eclipse of June 30, 1973 – Very long total solar eclipse visible in NE South America, the Atlantic, and central Africa. During the entire Second Millennium, only seven total solar eclipses exceed seven minutes of totality; this is the last. Observers aboard a Concorde jet are able to stretch totality to about 74 minutes by flying along the path of the moon's umbra.
- July 25 – Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.
- November 3 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury (on March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet); it will be the first space flight to use gravity assist.
- December 3 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.
- December 7 – The "Big Ear" at the Ohio State University Radio Observatory begins a full-time search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) radio survey, running continuously until 1995.
Biology- December 28 – Endangered Species Act signed into law in the United States.
Cartography- Waldo R. Tobler introduces the Tobler hyperelliptical projection.
Chemistry- A successful method of Vitamin B12 total synthesis is reported by the groups of Robert Burns Woodward and Albert Eschenmoser.[1][2]
Computer science- March 1 - Xerox PARC releases the Xerox Alto. The first computer designed to support an operating system based on a graphical user interface.
- September - The TV Typewriter appears on the cover of Radio-Electronics. Designed by Don Lancaster, it was a video terminal that could display two pages of 16 lines of 32 upper case characters on a standard television set.
- November 21 – The sci-fi movie Westworld is the first feature film to use digital image processing.
Cryptography- October – Asymmetric key algorithms for public-key cryptography developed by James H. Ellis, Clifford Cocks and Malcolm J. Williamson at the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters.[3]
Earth sciences- Derek Ager publishes The Nature of the Stratigraphical Record.
History of science- May 5 – July 28 – BBC Television series The Ascent of Man, written and presented by Jacob Bronowski, first airs; there is also an accompanying bestselling book.
Mathematics- Fischer Black and Myron Scholes first articulate the Black–Scholes mathematical model of a financial market containing certain derivative investment instruments.[4]
Physiology and medicine- The term "dendritic cell" is coined by Ralph M. Steinman working with Zanvil A. Cohn.[5]
- The term "Norrmalmstorgssyndromet", translated as Stockholm syndrome, is coined by Nils Bejerot.
Psychology- David Rosenhan publishes the results of his experiment into the validity of psychiatric diagnosis.[6]
- The American Psychiatric Association officially declares that homosexuality is not a mental disorder.
Technology- April 3 – The first handheld mobile phone call is made by Martin Cooper of Motorola in New York City.[7]
- June 4 – A United States patent for the Docutel automated teller machine is granted to Donald Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.
- Ichiro Kato, Waseda University, develops the world's first full-scale humanoid robot, Wabot-1.[8]
Institutions- March 6 – The Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, founded as the Montenegrin Society for Science and Arts (Crnogorsko društvo za nauku i umjetnost), elects its first members.[9]
Awards- Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson
- Chemistry – Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
- Medicine – Karl Von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
- Turing Award – Charles W. Bachman
Births- May 19 – Alice Roberts, English evolutionary biologist, biological anthropologist and science and archaeology popularizer
- October 5 – Cédric Villani, French mathematician
- November 19 – Nim Chimpsky (d. 2000), chimpanzee
- December 5 – Luboš Motl, Czech theoretical physicist
Deaths- February 11 – J. Hans D. Jensen (b. 1907), German nuclear physicist
- March 12 – David Lack (b. 1910), English ornithologist
- March 14 – Howard H. Aiken (b. 1900), American computing pioneer
- March 30 – William Justin Kroll (b. 1889), Luxembourgish metallurgist
- July 3 – Laurens Hammond (b. 1895), American inventor
- August 9 – Preben von Magnus (b. 1912), Danish virologist
- November 25 – Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu (b. 1887), Romanian engineer
- December 10 – Wolf V. Vishniac (b. 1922), American microbiologist
- December 17 – Charles Greeley Abbot (b. 1872), American astrophysicist
References1. ^{{cite journal|title=The Total Synthesis of Vitamin B12|first=R. B.|last=Woodward|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|year=1973|volume=33|issue=1|pages=145–178|url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/33/1/0145/|doi=10.1351/pac197333010145|accessdate=2012-01-13|pmid=4684454}}
2. ^{{cite book|author1=Nicolaou, K. C. |author2=Sorensen, E. J. |year=1996|title=Classics in Total Synthesis: Targets, Strategies, Methods|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-3-527-29231-8}}
3. ^Disclosed 1997. https://web.archive.org/web/20100519084635/http://www.gchq.gov.uk/history/pke.html
4. ^{{cite journal|title=The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities|last1=Black|first1=Fischer|first2=Myron|last2=Scholes|journal=Journal of Political Economy|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=May–June 1973|volume=81|issue=3|pages=637–654|doi=10.1086/260062|jstor=1831029}}
5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Steinman|first1=R. M.|last2=Cohn|first2=Z. A.|title=Identification of a Novel Cell Type in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs of Mice: I. Morphology, Quantitation, Tissue Distribution|journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine|volume=137|issue=5|pages=1142–62|year=1973|pmid=4573839|doi=10.1084/jem.137.5.1142|pmc=2139237}}
6. ^{{cite journal|last=Rosenhan|first=D. L.|title=On being sane in insane places|journal=Science|location=New York|volume=179|issue=4070|pages=250–8|date=January 1973|pmid=4683124|doi=10.1126/science.179.4070.250|url=http://web.cocc.edu/lminorevans/on_being_sane_in_insane_places.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117175255/http://web.cocc.edu/lminorevans/on_being_sane_in_insane_places.htm|archivedate=2004-11-17|bibcode = 1973Sci...179..250R }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=First Mobile Phone Call Was Placed Exactly 40 Years Ago|url=http://mashable.com/2013/04/03/first-mobile-phone-call/|publisher=Mashable|year=2013|accessdate=2013-04-03}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=History of Industrial Robots|url=http://www.ifr.org/uploads/media/History_of_Industrial_Robots_online_brochure_by_IFR_2012.pdf|publisher=International Federation of Robotics|year=2012|accessdate=2013-04-03|format=PDF|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224213437/http://www.ifr.org/uploads/media/History_of_Industrial_Robots_online_brochure_by_IFR_2012.pdf|archivedate=2012-12-24}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts (MASA)|url=http://www.interacademies.net/Academies/ByRegion/SouthEasternEurope/Montenegro/13024.aspx|publisher=IAP|year=2013|accessdate=2015-01-09}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1973 In Science}} 3 : 1973 in science|20th century in science|1970s in science |