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词条 Austin, Chicago
释义

  1. History

     Early development  Neighborhood growth  White flight and decline  21st century 

  2. Neighborhoods

     Galewood  The Island   North Austin    South Austin  

  3. Demographics

  4. Crime

  5. Education

  6. Media

  7. Politics

  8. Notable residents

  9. Notes

  10. References

  11. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2016}}{{Infobox settlement
|name = Austin
|official_name = Community Area 25 – Austin
|other_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = {{nowrap|Community area}}
|motto =
|image_skyline = Austintownhallfront.JPG
|imagesize =
|image_caption =The Austin Town Hall Park field house.
|image_map = US-IL-Chicago-CA25.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location within the city of Chicago
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Illinois
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = Cook
|subdivision_type3 = City
|subdivision_name3 = Chicago
|parts_type = Neighborhoods
|parts_style =
|parts =
|p1 = Galewood
|p2 = The Island
|p3 = North Austin
|p4 = South Austin
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 18.54
|population_as_of = 2015[1]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 97,643
|population_note =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 =Demographics (2015)[1]
|demographics1_footnotes =
|demographics1_title1 =White
|demographics1_info1 = 4.5%
|demographics1_title2 =Black
|demographics1_info2 = 83.0%
|demographics1_title3 =Hispanic
|demographics1_info3 = 11.4%
|demographics1_title4 =Asian
|demographics1_info4 = 0.5%
|demographics1_title5 =Other
|demographics1_info5 = 0.6%
|blank_name = Median household income
|blank_info = $31,634[1]
|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates = {{coord|41|54|N|87|45.6|W|region:US|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = ZIP Codes
|postal_code = 60644 (entire)
{{small|60639, 60651, 60707 (partial)}}
|area_code =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}Austin is one of seventy-seven officially designated community areas in Chicago, Illinois. Located on the city's West Side, it is the second largest community area by population (behind Lake View) and the second-largest geographically (behind South Deering). Austin's eastern boundary is the Belt Railway located just east of Cicero Avenue. Its northernmost border is the Milwaukee District / West Line. Its southernmost border is at Roosevelt Road from the Belt Railway west to Austin Boulevard. The northernmost portion, north of North Avenue, extends west to Harlem Avenue, abutting Elmwood Park. In addition to Elmwood Park, Austin also borders the suburbs of Cicero and Oak Park.[1]

History

Early development

In 1835, Henry DeKoven purchased prairie land in the region. In 1857, a group of citizens formed the Town of Cicero, a ten-member local governing body that covered modern day Cicero, Oak Park, Berwyn and Austin.[2] Eight years later, DeKoven's land was bought by Henry W. Austin. Austin, a businessman and real estate speculator, developed the namesake Austinville subdivision. Its population grew exponentially as the area's attractive amenities and access to suburban railroad service drew in population. In 1870, the Town of Cicero placed its town hall in Austin.[3] However, by the 1890s, the heavily populated Austin area dominated town politics, but did not constitute a majority of voters. The Austin controlled township government allowed the Lake Street Elevated to extend into Oak Park. Outraged, the other residents of Cicero Township voted to allow Chicago to annex the Austin area in an 1899 referendum. The residents of Austin voted against the referendum.[4][2]

Neighborhood growth

After its annexation, Austin continued to maintain an independent, suburban identity.[2] By the 1920s, the area had developed significant street railways to serve its commuter population. This infrastructure attracted a large group of European immigrants to the community.[5] In 1926, it was estimated the area had approximately 140,000 residents.[2] In 1923, Austin Hospital opened. In 1938, the hospital, now called William Temperance Hospital, was taken over by Sisters of Saint Casimir who operated the hospital as Loretto Hospital.[1]

In 1949, construction began on the Eisenhower Expressway which bisected the southern portion of Austin.[2]

White flight and decline

After World War II, African-Americans increasingly moved into the surrounding community areas of East Garfield Park, North Lawndale, & West Garfield Park.[2] Despite white flight in the surrounding neighborhoods, in 1960, the Austin community was near exclusively white.

In the mid-1960s, African-Americans began moving into Austin proper. This created animosity amongst the white residents who opposed integrated schools.[2] By 1970, despite the aggressive blockbusting efforts of realtors, the Austin community was 32% black. A decade later, it was 73% black. This trend would continue for the rest of the twentieth century.[6]

The latter half of the twentieth century also saw significant divestment from the community. The Central station on the Chicago Transportation Agency's Congress Line was closed on September 2, 1973.[7] In 1988, West Side Health Authority was formed after the closure of St. Anne's Hospital. In 1991, the Sisters of Saint Casimir gave control of Loretto Hospital to a management company.[1]

21st century

In 1999, developers agreed to turn the abandoned Galewood rail yard into an industrial park.[8]

During the development of the property, then-Alderman Ike Carothers solicited a bribe to allow the permitting process and zoning changes to move forward. The subsequent trials created a political scandal,[9] and ended with the conviction of the developer and Carothers on various felony charges.[10] The $60 million development ultimately brought new homes and a movie theater to the neighborhood.[11]

Neighborhoods

{{multiple image
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|image1 = Mars_Metra_Station.jpg
|width1 = 200
|caption1 = Mars station in Galewood.
|image2 = Warner,_Seth_House_1_crop.jpg
|width2 = 200
|caption2 = Seth Warner House
|image3 = Joseph_J_Walser_Jr_House_2.jpg
|width3 = 200
|caption3 = Residence of J.J. Walser Jr.
|image4 = 19680921 16 CTA Lake St. L @ Central Ave...jpg
|width4 = 200
|caption4 = Central Station
|image5 = Schock,_F_R_House_2.JPG
|width5 = 200
|caption5 =F. R. Schock House
|image6 = Laramie_State_Bank_Building_2.JPG
|width6 = 200
|caption6 = Laramie State Bank Building
}}

Austin is Chicago's largest community area both by population and by land area. The Austin community area is made up of four neighborhoods; Galewood, The Island, North Austin and South Austin.[12]

Galewood

Galewood is named for Abram Gale who bought a farm on the area in 1838.[1] The neighborhood is bordered by the Milwaukee District / West Line to the north, Harlem Avenue to the west, North Avenue to the south and Central Avenue to the east. The area is a historically Italian-American community with a sizable population of Chicago city employees.[13] Since the 1980s, it has seen an increase in African American and Latino residents, but this integration has occurred peacefully in contrast with other areas of Chicago.[14]

Galewood has two stations on the Milwaukee District West Line. The first station, Mars station functions as a stop for employees of the nearby Mars, Incorporated factory and Shriners Hospitals for Children, the latter of which is located in Belmont Cragin. The Mars station only stops during traditional commuting hours. The second, Galewood station is located east of Mars station and is a regular service station.

The neighborhood has strong ties with neighboring Montclare, including sharing a namesake library in the Chicago Public Library system, and is sometimes considered as part of that neighborhood and not the Austin community.[15][16]

Galewood is significantly whiter than the remainder of Austin. Galewood is 22.51% White, 50.17% African American, and 1.77% from two or more races. Residents who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.96% of the total Galewood population with the western half of Galewood being 36% white and 31% African American.{{refn|group=N|Census Tracts 2504-2505 in Cook, IL and Galewood (as defined by Google Maps) are coterminous.[17][18]}}

The Island

The Island neighborhood is located in the southwest corner of the Austin community. It has a population of approximately 1,700 residents.[19] It encompasses roughly a square mile and its western and southern borders are to the suburbs of Oak Park and Cicero respectively. It is further isolated from the rest of Austin by an industrial corridor to its east and railroad tracks and Interstate 290 to the north. It is only accessible from Austin Boulevard & Roosevelt Road.[12]

The Island was the last of Austin's neighborhoods to integrate. In the 1980s, when the rest of Austin was over 70% African-American, the Island did not have a single African-American family. In 1984, when an African-American family attempted to move in on Roosevelt Road, they were met with violent resistance and shortly moved out. Politically, the area went heavily for Jane Byrne in the Democratic primary and for Edward Vrdolyak against Harold Washington in the 1987 mayoral election that broke down on racial lines.[6] Today, the Island is an integrated community.[19]

The area, once industrial, has a diverse economy. Chicago Studio City, the largest film studio in the Midwestern United States, is located here.[19] The films Dark of the Moon, The Dark Knight and Public Enemies were partially filmed in The Island as were episodes of Empire and Shameless.[20]

North Austin

One of Austin's neighborhoods is North Austin, its boundaries starts north at Milwaukee District/West Line and Armitage Avenue, Western boundaries are Austin Avenue or Austin Boulervard south of North Avenue, Eastern boundaries to Cicero Avenue, and Southern boundaries to Division Street.[12] The Robert LeFlore, Jr. Post Office at 5001 West Division Street is in this neighborhood.[21]

South Austin

South Austin is the area's largest neighborhood. It is bordered by Division Street to the north, Austin Boulevard to the west, Roosevelt Road to the south and Cicero Avenue to the east. During the Austin area's transition from a predominantly white community to a predominantly African-American community, the South Austin neighborhood was the first neighborhood to become African-American majority.[6] The neighborhood is characterized by its numerous historic buildings. The neighborhood is home to six landmarks on the National Register of Historic Places; Austin Historic District, Midway Park, Austin Town Hall Park Historic District, Columbus Park, First Congregational Church of Austin, Joseph J. Walser House and the Seth Warner House. Austin Town Hall Park, modeled after Philadelphia's Independence Hall, is also in this neighborhood.

It is also home to an additional seven Chicago Landmarks not listed on the National Register of Historic Places; Beeson House and Coach House, Hitchcock House, Laramie State Bank Building, Schlect House, F. R. Schock House, Marie Schock House and the Third Unitarian Church.

Demographics

{{US Census population
|1930=131114
|1940=132107
|1950=132180
|1960=125133
|1970=128084
|1980=138026
|1990=114079
|2000=117527
|2010=98514
|estyear=2015
|estimate=97643
|footnote=[22][1]
}}

According to a 2016 analysis by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, there were 99,711 people and 32,277 households residing in the area.[23]

The racial makeup of the area was 4.20% White, 84.20% African American, 0.50% Asian, 0.80% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.30% of the population.[23]

In the area, the population was spread out with 30.50% under the age of 19, 20.80% from 20 to 34, 18.70% from 35 to 49, 18.40% from 50 to 64, and 11.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The media age was 33.9.[23]

The median household income for the area was $31,435 as opposed to $47,831 for the city. The area's residents were disproportionately lower income with 41.0% of residents earned less than $25,000, 27.6% of residents earned between $25,000 and $49,999, 14.1% earned between $50,000 to $74,999, 8.0% earned between $75,000 and $99,999, 6.4% earned between $100,000 and $149,999, 2.9% earned $150,000 or more.

There were 41,807 residents in the labor force. 18.9% of workers were employed in the healthcare industry, 11.3% were employed in retail, 11% were employed in administration, 8.4% worked in education, and 8.3% worked in hospitality and food services. The area had an unemployment rate of 22.1%.[23]

Crime

The Chicago Tribune "Crime in Chicagoland" page, the Austin neighborhood ranked 11th out of 77 community areas in Chicago in violent crime, 25th among Chicago community areas in property crimes, and 5th out of 100 for quality of life crimes.[24]

Homicides in Austin, Chicago

Year Homicides, Austin Homicides, Chicago Note
201553512date=October 2018}}
201695808date=October 2018}}
201783683date=October 2018}}

Education

Austin Community Academy High School[25] closed after spring 2007.[26] New smaller schools have replaced Austin Community Academy High School: Austin Business and Entrepreneurship Academy, which opened in 2006, and Austin Polytechnical Academy, which opened in September 2007.[27]

Other portions of the community area are zoned to Manley High School, Marshall H.S., and Orr Campus.

Media

Austin is served by three free weekly newspapers. The West Cook Journal,[28] founded in 2004, is published by West Suburban Journal, a black-owned press published by Trottie Publishing, based in the West Cook County suburb of Westchester. The founder and publisher of West Suburban Journal and West Cook Journal, L. Nicole Trottie, is the first black woman in Illinois history to start an accredited weekly newspaper. Trottie is also the first African American woman ever elected to the Illinois Press Association's Board of Directors in its 150-year newspaper-rich history. The Austin Voice[29] has been published in Austin since 1988. The Austin Weekly News,[30] founded in 2005, is published by The Wednesday Journal, a publisher of free weekly newspapers based in Oak Park, Illinois. Both papers are published on Wednesdays and distributed in stores, office buildings and recreational venues throughout the community. Austin is also served by Austin Talks,[31] an online publication maintained by journalism students at Chicago's Columbia College and underwritten in part by the Chicago Community Trust.

Politics

Austin is a stronghold for the Democratic Party. In the 2016 presidential election, Austin cast 37,492 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 1,280 votes for Donald Trump. Despite this landslide victory, it was Clinton's 23rd largest margin of victory by percentage points in the 76 community areas she won.[32] In the 2012 presidential election, Austin cast 44,734 votes for Barack Obama and 965 votes for Mitt Romney. It was Obama's 24th largest margin of victory by percentage points in the 76 community areas he won.[33]

At the local level, Austin is located in Chicago's 28th, 29th, and 37th represented by Democrats Jason Ervin, Chris Taliaferro, and Emma Mitts respectively.[34][35][36]

Notable residents

  • William J.P. Banks, longtime Alderman from Chicago's 36th ward. He resided in Galewood while on the Chicago City Council.[37]
  • Hannibal Buress, stand-up comedian, actor and television writer[38]
  • Ralph Capone, member of the Chicago Outfit and brother of Al Capone. He lived in the Island before moving to Wisconsin.[19]
  • Ike Carothers, Alderman from Chicago's 29th ward from 1999 until his resignation in 2010. He lives in South Austin.[39]
  • Crucial Conflict, Chicago-based hip-hop/rap group, famous for their 1996 single "Hay" (from the album The Final Tic), started at North Long Avenue & West Bloomingdale Avenue, in the North Austin area of the neighborhood.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=October 2018}}
  • Danny K. Davis, member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois' 7th congressional district since 1999. He resides in South Austin.[40]
  • Sam DeStefano, member of the Chicago Outfit. He resided on the 1600 block of Sayre in Galewood.[41][42]
  • La Shawn K. Ford, member of the Illinois House of Representatives. He resides in Austin.[1]
  • Bud Freeman and the Austin High School Gang.[43]
  • Sam Giancana, member of the Chicago Outfit. He lived in the Island before moving to the suburbs.[19]
  • Chilldrin of da Ghetto, Chicago-based hip-hop/rap group
  • Deborah L. Graham, Alderman from the 29th ward from 2010 to 2015. She also served in the Illinois House of Representatives.[44]
  • Steve Harris, actor (Diary of a Mad Black Woman, The Practice). He attended Resurrection Elementary School in Austin.[45]
  • Wood Harris, actor (The Wire, Remember the Titans, Creed). He attended Resurrection Elementary School in Austin.[45]
  • Hugh Hefner, founder and longtime editor-in-chief of Playboy. He was raised in the Galewood neighborhood and attended Sayre Elementary School.[46]
  • Camille Y. Lilly, member of the Illinois House of Representatives. She lives in Galewood.[47]
  • Robert F. McPartlin, Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1960 to 1976, sentenced to eight years in prison.[48]
  • Kel Mitchell, actor (Good Burger, All That), he was raised in North Austin.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=October 2018}}
  • Emma Mitts, Alderman from the 37th ward. She lives in South Austin.[49]
  • Thomas J. O'Brien, member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois's 6th congressional district. He resided in South Austin while in Congress.[50]
  • Pat Quinn, former Governor of Illinois. He lives in Galewood.[51]
  • John Rice, Alderman from the 36th ward from 2009 to 2011. He resided in Galewood while on the Chicago City Council.[52][53]
  • Philip J. Rock, President of the Illinois Senate from 1979 to 1993. He lived in the Midway Park neighborhood until he relocated to suburban Oak Park in 1977.[54][55]
  • Saba, rapper and record producer. He grew up in Austin.[56]
  • Nick Sposato, Alderman from Chicago's 36th ward from 2011 to 2015. He lived in Galewood until moving to the 38th ward after redistricting moved Galewood to the 29th ward.[13]
  • Jim Tobin, economist and founder of anti-tax advocacy group Taxpayers United of America.[57]
  • Bobby Wilson, defensive tackle for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He attended high school in Austin.[58]
  • Abe Woodson, American football cornerback and kick returner who played nine seasons in the National Football League, mainly with the San Francisco 49ers. He was raised and attended high school in Austin.[59]

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Zangs|first=Mary|date=July 1, 2014|title=The Chicago 77: A Community Area Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/?id=v6mACQAAQBAJ&pg=PT90&dq=Austin,+Chicago#v=onepage&q=Austin%2C%20Chicago&f=false|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, England|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1626196124}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|last=Seligman|first=Amanda I.|date=May 10, 2005|title=Block by Block: Neighborhoods and Public Policy on Chicago's West Side|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0226746658 |location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0226746654}}
3. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Martin|first=Judith A.|editor-last1=Reiff|editor-first1=Janice L.|editor-last2=Durkin Keating|editor-first2=Ann|editor-last3=Grossman|editor-first3=James R.|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago History Museum|title=Austin|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/93.html|year=2005|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
4. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Cain|first=Louis P.|editor-last1=Reiff|editor-first1=Janice L.|editor-last2=Durkin Keating|editor-first2=Ann|editor-last3=Grossman|editor-first3=James R.|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago History Museum|title=Annexation|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/53.html|year=2005|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
5. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Martin|first=Judith A.|editor-last1=Reiff|editor-first1=Janice L.|editor-last2=Durkin Keating|editor-first2=Ann|editor-last3=Grossman|editor-first3=James R.|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago History Museum|title=Austin |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/93.html|year=2005|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Fremon|first=David K.|date=October 22, 1988|accessdate=March 13, 2017|title=Chicago Politics Ward by Ward|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0253204909|location=Bloomington, Indiana|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-31344-9}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=CTA Shutting Down 7 Rapid Transit Stations Today|last=Buck|first=Thomas|date=September 2, 1973|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=5}}
8. ^{{cite news|last=Tribune Staff|first=|date=July 17, 1999|title=Northwest Side Industrial Park Planned|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois}}
9. ^{{cite news|last=Lighty|first=Todd|last2=Mihalopoulos|first2=Dan|date=September 23, 2009|title=Six aldermen subpoenaed for developer's fraud trial|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois}}
10. ^{{cite news|last=Lighty|first=Todd|date=February 1, 2010|title=Source: Carothers bound for prison: Alderman to plead guilty to tax charges, bribery and lose post|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois}}
11. ^{{cite news|last=Mihalopoulos|first=Dan|date=October 31, 2008|title=Aide: Daley blank on letter|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/doit/general/GIS/Chicago_Maps/Citywide_Maps/City_Neighborhoods_1978_11x17.pdf|title=City of Chicago Neighborhoods (1978)}}
13. ^1 {{cite news|last=Steele|first=Jeffrey|date=February 12, 2010|title=Timeless community with spirit: Galewood is convenient, close-knit neighborhood|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/ct-home-0212-galewood-profile-chomes-20100210-story.html|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
14. ^{{cite news|last=Dold|first=R. Bruce|date=September 18, 1989|title=These Northwest Siders give integration a boost|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-09-18/news/8901140043_1_black-family-black-couple-white-woman|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
15. ^{{cite news|last=Anderson|first=Hilary|title=Suburban feel in city neighborhood: Space, stability are big draws for Montclare|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-03-16/business/0303160369_1_houses-garages-family-room|date=March 16, 2003|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois|accessdate=March 20, 2017}}
16. ^{{cite news|last=Felton|first=Robert|title=Residents still pining for new Galewood-Montclare library building|url=http://www.austinweeklynews.com/News/Articles/7-17-2015/Residents-still-pining-for-new-Galewood_Montclare-library-building/|date=July 17, 2015|newspaper=Austin Weekly News|location=Chicago, Illinois|accessdate=March 20, 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Census Tract 2504, Cook, IL|publisher=Census Reporter|accessdate=December 25, 2017|url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/14000US17031250400-census-tract-2504-cook-il/}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Census Tract 2505, Cook, IL|publisher=Census Reporter|accessdate=December 25, 2017|url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/14000US17031250500-census-tract-2505-cook-il/}}
19. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last=Schmidt|first=John R.|title=The Island, past and present|newspaper=WBEZ 91.5|date=August 17, 2012|location=Chicago, Illinois|url=https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-blogs/the-island-past-and-present/ba6b321c-84c8-42be-a4e5-ae39e02321b3|accessdate=March 21, 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagostudiocity.com/2000-through-current.html |title=2000 through current |publisher=Chicagostudiocity.com |date= |accessdate=2017-04-29}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71522?p=3&s=IL&service_name=post_office&z=Cicero |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120720064649/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71522?p=3&s=IL&service_name=post_office&z=Cicero |dead-url=yes |archive-date=July 20, 2012 |title=Post Office Location – ROBERT LEFLORE JR. |publisher=United States Postal Service |accessdate=April 17, 2009 }}
22. ^{{cite web|last=Paral |first=Rob |title=Chicago Community Areas Historical Data |url=http://www.robparal.com/downloads/ACS0509/HistoricalData/Chicago%20Community%20Areas%20Historical%20Data.htm |accessdate=September 2, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055428/http://www.robparal.com/downloads/ACS0509/HistoricalData/Chicago%20Community%20Areas%20Historical%20Data.htm |archivedate=March 18, 2013 |df=mdy }}
23. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url= http://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/Austin.pdf|publisher=Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning|accessdate=March 14, 2017|title= Community Demographic Snapshot: Austin|date=June 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web | title=Austin -- Crime in Chicagoland -- chicagotribune.com | publisher=chicagotribune.com | url=http://crime.chicagotribune.com/chicago/community/austin | access-date=December 24, 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.austin.cps.k12.il.us/ |title=Welcome to Austin Community Academy Online! |date=November 3, 2002 |publisher= |accessdate=April 29, 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021103035508/http://www.austin.cps.k12.il.us/ |archivedate=November 3, 2002 }}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cps.k12.il.us/schools/hsdirectory/austincommunityacademy.shtml |title=Chicago Public Schools: OSHP High School Directory |date=February 11, 2007 |publisher= |accessdate=April 29, 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211235858/http://www.cps.k12.il.us/schools/hsdirectory/austincommunityacademy.shtml |archivedate=February 11, 2007 }}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chitowndailynews.org/Chicago_news/New_high_school_to_focus_on_hightech_manufacturing,9239 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120722071944/http://www.chitowndailynews.org/Chicago_news/New_high_school_to_focus_on_hightech_manufacturing,9239 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=July 22, 2012 |title=New high school to focus on high-tech manufacturing |publisher=Chitowndailynews.org |date=May 31, 2007 |access-date=August 12, 2014 }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://westsuburbanjournal.com|title=West Suburban Journal|publisher=|accessdate=April 29, 2017}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://thevoicenewspapers.blogspot.com|title=The Voice Newspapers, Serving Chicago's West Side|author=|date=|work=thevoicenewspapers.blogspot.com|access-date=December 23, 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.austinweeklynews.com/|title=Austin Weekly News|author=|date=|work=austinweeklynews.com|access-date=December 23, 2016}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://austintalks.org/|title=AustinTalks - News and information covering Chicago's Austin neighborhood on the West Side|author=|date=|work=austintalks.org|access-date=December 23, 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|last=Ali|first=Tanveer|title=How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois|date=November 9, 2016|publisher=DNAinfo.com|location=Chicago, Illinois|accessdate=March 16, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144802/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois|archivedate=March 17, 2017|df=}}
33. ^{{cite web|last=Ali|first=Tanveer|title=How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/obama-romney-president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-2012-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois|date=November 7, 2012|publisher=DNAinfo.com|location=Chicago, Illinois|accessdate=March 16, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233235/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/obama-romney-president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-2012-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois|archivedate=March 17, 2017|df=}}
34. ^{{cite web|last=Connolly|first=Colleen|title=Get to Know Your Ward: 28th Ward|date=February 6, 2015|work=Ward Room|publisher=WMAQ-TV|accessdate=December 25, 2017|url= https://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Get-to-Know-Your-Ward-28th-Ward-290971061.html}}
35. ^{{cite web|last=Connolly|first=Colleen|title=Get to Know Your Ward: 29th Ward|date=February 6, 2015|work=Ward Room|publisher=WMAQ-TV|accessdate=December 27, 2017|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Get-to-Know-Your-Ward-29th-Ward-290972681.html}}
36. ^{{cite web|last=Connolly|first=Colleen|title=Get to Know Your Ward: 37th Ward|date=February 6, 2015|work=Ward Room|publisher=WMAQ-TV|accessdate=December 27, 2017|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Get-to-Know-Your-Ward-37th-Ward-291109711.html}}
37. ^{{cite news|last=Studenkov|first=Igor|date=October 26, 2016|title=Lack of will or lack of clout?: 29th Ward meeting generates debate about Ald. Taliaferro's responsiveness|url=http://www.austinweeklynews.com/News/Articles/10-26-2016/Lack-of-will-or-lack-of-clout%3F/|newspaper=Austin Weekly News|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
38. ^{{cite news|last=Fishman|first=Elly|title=Is Hannibal Buress the Funniest Man Alive?|date=March 25, 2014|newspaper=Chicago Magazine|accessdate=February 4, 2018|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/April-2014/Hannibal-Buress-Comedian/}}
39. ^{{cite news|last=|first=|date=October 8, 2013|title=Former Austin Alderman Isaac Carothers enters Cook County Board race|url=http://www.austinweeklynews.com/News/Articles/10-4-2013/Former-Austin-Alderman-Isaac-Carothers-enters-Cook-County-Board-race/|newspaper=Austin Weekly News|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 13, 2017}}
40. ^{{cite news|last=Gray Brosious|first=Emily|date=March 15, 2016|title=Bill Clinton stumps for Hillary Clinton in Chicago on Illinois primary day|url=http://national.suntimes.com/national-world-news/7/72/2761257/bill-clinton-campaigns-for-hillary-clinton-in-chicago-on-illinois-primary-day/|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311152515/http://national.suntimes.com/national-world-news/7/72/2761257/bill-clinton-campaigns-for-hillary-clinton-in-chicago-on-illinois-primary-day/|archive-date=March 11, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
41. ^Roemer, Jr., William F., The Enforcer (1994), p.90
42. ^Roemer, Jr., William F., Accardo: The Genuine Godfather (1995), p.271
43. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Wang|first=Richard A.|editor-last1=Reiff|editor-first1=Janice L.|editor-last2=Durkin Keating|editor-first2=Ann|editor-last3=Grossman|editor-first3=James R.|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago History Museum|title=Austin High Gang|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/92.html|year=2005|access-date=March 14, 2017}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://wgntv.com/2015/02/17/meet-the-candidates-city-council-29th-ward/|title=Meet the Candidates: City Council, 29th Ward}}
45. ^1 {{cite news|last=|first=|date=November 12, 2011|title=Fundraiser to benefit Austin school|url=http://austintalks.org/2011/11/fundraiser-to-benefit-austin-school/|newspaper=Austin Talks|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 14, 2017}}
46. ^{{cite news|author=|title=Hugh Hefner's Chicago: The Neighborhoods That Helped Make The Man|date=September 28, 2017|newspaper=DNAinfo|accessdate=December 26, 2017|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20170928/gold-coast/hugh-hefners-chicago-neighborhoods-that-helped-make-man|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227061928/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20170928/gold-coast/hugh-hefners-chicago-neighborhoods-that-helped-make-man|archive-date=December 27, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.riverforest.com/News/Articles/4-27-2010/OPRF-alum,-Austin-resident-named-state-rep/|title=OPRF alum, Austin resident named State Rep.|last=Clauss|first=Hunter|date=April 24, 2010|newspaper=Wednesday Journal|accessdate=May 14, 2017}}
48. ^{{cite news|title=Clark Post To McPartlin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/54960616/?terms=%22Robert%2BF.%2BMcPartlin%22|accessdate=July 1, 2017|work=Suburbanite Economist|date=January 20, 1960|page=12|via=Newspapers.com|registration=yes}}
49. ^{{cite news|last=McClelland|first=Edward|date=July 26, 2012|title= Better Know A Ward: Emma Mitts's 37th|url= http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Better-Know-An-Alderman-Emma-Mitts-163706576.html|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 14, 2017}}
50. ^{{cite book|title=Illinois Blue Book 1947-1948|chapter=Illinois Members of Congress Listing|page=100|year=1948|url=http://www.idaillinois.org/cdm/ref/collection/bb/id/8271}}
51. ^{{cite news|last=Warren|first=James|date=February 11, 2013|title=Can't Pat Quinn Get Any Respect?|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/March-2013/Can-Pat-Quinn-Get-Any-Respect/|newspaper=Chicago Magazine|location=Chicago, Illinois|access-date=March 14, 2017}}
52. ^{{cite news|first=Dan|last=Mihalopoulos|title=Daley names Banks aide new alderman|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|url=http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/clout_st/2009/05/daley-praises-retiring-banks-mum-on-successor.html|date=October 6, 2009|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}
53. ^Rice served as Alderman in the same Galewood ward as Banks. He would need to be a resident to do that.
54. ^{{cite book|last1=Rock|first1=Phil|last2=Wojcicki|first2=Ed|date= |title=Nobody Calls Just to Say Hello|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0809330725|location=Carbondale, Illinois|publisher=Southern Illinois University|page=xvii|isbn=0809330725}}
55. ^'Illinois Blue Book 1975-1976,' Biographical Sketch of Philip J. Rock, pg. 106
56. ^{{cite web|last1=Krzeczowski|first1=Jake|title=Saba's West Side Story Is One Worth Listening To|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/saba-comfortzone-chicago-interview-profile|website=Noisey|publisher=Vice|accessdate=30 January 2016}}
57. ^{{cite web|last=Janota|first=Laura|title=Jim Tobin: Fighting taxes is his only cause|work=Illinois Issues|publisher=Sangamon State University|date=September 1990|accessdate=June 24, 2017|url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1990/ii900829.html}}
58. ^{{cite news |title=Skins' Top Pick Wilson Isn`t About To Quit Now|first=Don|last=Pierson|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-04-28/sports/9102070795_1_franklin-wilson-quitting-bobby-wilson|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=April 28, 1991|accessdate=June 18, 2015}}
59. ^{{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Fred|title=Former Illinois, NFL star Abe Woodson dies|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=February 16, 2014|accessdate=June 24, 2017|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-02-16/sports/ct-abe-woodson-spt-0216-20140216_1_bears-nfl-pro-bowl-ronnie-bull}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{commons category|Austin, Chicago}}{{Portal|Chicago}}{{External links|date=December 2016}}
  • Chicago Landmarks
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607155100/http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Landmarks/F/FourHousesSchock.html Four Houses by Architect Frederick Schock]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607153032/http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Landmarks/H/HitchcockHouse.html Hitchcock House]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206075148/http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Landmarks/L/LaramieStBank.html Laramie State Bank Building]
    • Walser House{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • Chicago Park District
    • Columbus Park
    • Austin Town Hall Park
    • Levin Park
  • Austin Community Organizations and Service Providers
  • Austin Weekly News, local newspaper
  • Encyclopedia of Chicago entry on Austin
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313081406/http://austinchicago.com/ Directory of Community Organizations Serving Austin, Chicago]
{{Chicago}}{{Community areas of Chicago}}{{Neighborhoods in Chicago}}{{Geographic Location
| Center = Austin
| North = Montclare and Belmont Cragin
| Northeast = Hermosa
| East = Humboldt Park
West Garfield Park
| Southeast = North Lawndale
| South = Cicero, Illinois
| West = Oak Park, Illinois
| Northwest = Elmwood Park, Illinois
}}

3 : Community areas of Chicago|West Side, Chicago|Populated places established in 1865
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