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词条 OPR-1000
释义

  1. Reactor fleet

     Notes 

  2. History

  3. See also

  4. References

The OPR-1000 is a South Korean designed two-loop 1000 MWe PWR Generation II nuclear reactor, developed by KHNP and KEPCO.[1] The OPR-1000 was originally designated as the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNP), and was re-designated as the OPR-1000 in 2005 for foreign sales.[2] It was developed based partly on the Combustion Engineering (C-E) designs, through a technology transfer agreement. The reactor core design was derived from the C-E designed Arkansas Nuclear One Unit 2, the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) was derived from the C-E designed units at Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station and auxiliary plant design was derived from the earlier Unit-1 and Unit-2 at the Yeonggwang (now Hanbit) Nuclear Power Plant.[3]

Based on the OPR-1000 design, KEPCO has developed a Generation III+ uprated plant, the APR-1400.[4]

Reactor fleet

The reference plants used to develop the OPR-1000 design using technology transfer are Yeonggwang (now Hanbit) Unit-3 and Unit-4, which came on-line in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The first plants designated as OPR-1000 plants are Ulchin (now Hanul) Unit-3 and Unit-4, which came on-line in 1998 and 1999, respectively.

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) states an improved OPR-1000 design has been implemented at eight units:

  • Hanbit Unit-5 and Unit-6 (both on-line in 2002)
  • Hanul Unit-5 (on-line in 2004) and Unit-6 (on-line in 2005)
  • Shin Kori Nuclear Power Plant Unit-1 (on-line in 2011) and Unit-2 (on-line in 2012)
  • Shin-Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit-1 (on-line in 2012) and Unit-2 (on-line in 2015)

Including the reference Unit-3 and Unit-4 at Hanbit (formerly Yeonggwang), there are a total of twelve OPR-1000 plants, all inside South Korea.[5]

OPR-1000 Summary[5]
SiteUnitStatusConstruction
Start		First
Criticality		Operation
Hanbitname=reference |Reference design unit}}operational23 December 198913 October 199431 March 1995
name=reference }}operational26 May 19907 July 19951 January 1996
name=improved |Improved design}}operational29 June 199724 November 200121 May 2002{{efn |name=2012FO |Forced shut down in 2012 due to fraudulently-certified parts[7]}}
name=improved }}operational20 November 19971 September 200224 December 2002{{efn |name=2012FO }}
Hanul3operational21 July 199321 December 199711 August 1998
4operational1 November 199314 December 199831 December 1999
name=improved }}operational1 October 199928 November 200329 July 2004
name=improved }}operational29 September 200016 December 200422 April 2005
Shin-Koriname=improved }}operational16 June 200615 July 201028 February 2011{{efn |name=2013FO |Forced shut down in 2013 due to fraudulently-certified cables[8]}}
name=improved }}operational5 June 200727 December 201120 July 2012{{efn |name=2013FO }}
Shin-Wolsongname=improved }}operational20 November 20076 January 201231 July 2012{{efn |name=2013FO }}
name=improved }}operational23 September 20088 February 2015{{efn |Delayed due to fraudulently-certified cables[8]}}24 July 2015

Notes

{{notelist |30em}}

The first plants incorporating the APR-1400 design are still under construction. Ten units are planned:

  • Unit-1 and Unit-2 at Shin Hanul Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea
  • Unit-3, -4, -5 and -6 at Shin Kori Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea
  • Unit-1, -2, -3 and -4 at Barakah Nuclear Power Plant in the United Arab Emirates.[6]

History

The first start of the OPR-1000 at Shin Kori Nuclear Power Plant Unit-1 was 28 February 2011.

This OPR-1000's first malfunction was noted on 2 October 2012 at 8:10 a.m. Shin Kori-1 was shut down after a warning signal indicated a malfunction in the control rod, which is used to control the rate of fission of nuclear materials, according to the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. It is the first time that reactor, located 450 kilometers southeast of Seoul, has been shut down due to a malfunction since it began commercial operation on 28 Feb. 2011. An investigation was undertaken to verify the exact cause of the problem.[7]

In 2012, a probe was opened regarding some fraudulently-certified parts installed in five OPR-1000 reactors over a ten-year period.[8] Hanbit-5 and -6, which had a greater number of fraudulent parts, were shut down until the parts could be replaced, and Hanbit-3 and -4 and Hanul-3 were allowed remain on-line pending parts replacement.[8] Hanbit-5 and -6 were cleared for restart in early 2013,[9] but in April 2013, following a tip, four additional units were shut down and not allowed to restart until fraudulently-certified safety-related control cabling was replaced: Shin Kori-1 and -2 and Shin Wolsong-1 and -2; although construction on Shin Wolsong-2 was complete, it had not yet achieved operational status, and it was not allowed to start up until cabling was replaced.[10] The same cabling was used at the APR-1400 units then under construction at Shin Kori (Units 3 & 4),[10] forcing a year-long delay in their startup.[11] After cabling was replaced, Shin Kori-1 and -2 and Shin Wolsong-1 were approved for restart in January 2014.[12] Shin Wolsong-2 was connected to the grid in February 2015,[13] with commercial operation commencing in July 2015.[14]

See also

  • Nuclear power in South Korea

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kepco-enc.com/English/sub.asp?Mcode=B010020 |title=OPR1000 |publisher=KEPCO |accessdate=17 December 2013}}
2. ^{{cite book |last1=Goldberg |first1=Stephen |first2=Robert |last2=Rosner |title=Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation |year=2011 |page=5 |url=http://www.amacad.org/pdfs/nuclearreactors.pdf |accessdate=7 Jan 2014 |publisher=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |isbn=0-87724-090-6 }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2011/2011-07-04-07-08-WS-NPTD/6_KOREA_APR1400_OPR1000_KHNP_Kim.pdf |title=GEN III/GENIII+ : Korean Perspective - APR1400 |author=Kim, Han Gon |publisher=Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. |date=4 July 2011 |accessdate=17 December 2013}}
4. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.kns.org/jknsfile/v41/JK0410995.pdf |title=The Design Features of the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 |author1=Lee, Sang-Seob |author2=Kim, Sung-Hwan |author3=Suh, Kune-Yull |journal=Nuclear Engineering and Technology |volume=41 |number=8 |date=October 2009 |pages=995–1004 |accessdate=7 January 2014}}
5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=KR |title=Korea, Republic of |author= |date=2015 |website=IAEA Power Reactor Information System |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Nuclear Power in the United Arab Emirates|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-T-Z/United-Arab-Emirates/|publisher=World Nuclear Association|date=December 2013}}
7. ^{{cite news |publisher=Yonhap News |date=2 October 2012 |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2012/10/02/12/0501000000AEN20121002002400320F.HTML |title=Nuclear reactor halts operation due to malfunction |author= |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
8. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-Korea_probes_forged_quality_certificates-0711124.html |title=Korea probes forged quality certificates |author= |date=7 November 2012 |publisher=World Nuclear News |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-Korean_units_restart_after_forgery_probe-0201135.html |title=South Korean units restart after probe |author= |date=2 January 2013 |publisher=World Nuclear News |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
10. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-Substandard_cables_lead_to_Korean_shutdowns-2805134.html |title=New component issues idle Korean reactors |author= |date=28 May 2013 |publisher=World Nuclear News |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Recabling_delays_Shin_Kori_start_ups-1810135.html |title=Recabling delays Shin Kori start ups |author= |date=18 October 2013 |publisher=World Nuclear News |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-Korean-reactors-cleared-for-restart-0201144.html |title=Korean reactors cleared for restart |author= |date=2 January 2014 |publisher=World Nuclear News |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Grid-connection-for-South-Korean-reactor-2602155.html |title=Grid connection for South Korean reactor |author= |date=26 February 2015 |publisher=World Nuclear News |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-South-Korean-reactor-enters-commercial-operation-2407155.html |title=South Korean reactor enters commercial operation |date=24 July 2015 |newspaper=World Nuclear News |accessdate=29 January 2016}}
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