| 词条 | Pandacan oil depot |
| 释义 |
| name = Pandacan Oil Depot | native_name = | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Pandacan Oil Depot.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_alt = | image_caption = | map_type = | map_alt = | map_caption = The oil depot in Pandacan on the south bank of the Pasig River | map_size = | map_dot_label = | map_dot_mark = | relief = | former_names = | alternate_names = | etymology = | status = Demolished | cancelled = | topped_out = | building_type = Oil terminal | architectural_style = | classification = | location = Pandacan | address = | location_city = Manila | location_country = Philippines | coordinates = | altitude = | current_tenants = | namesake = | groundbreaking_date = | start_date = | stop_date = | est_completion = | topped_out_date = | completion_date = | opened_date = | inauguration_date = | relocated_date = | renovation_date = | closing_date = | demolition_date = 2016 | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = Philippine National Oil Company | landlord = | affiliation = | height = | architectural = | tip = | antenna_spire = | roof = | top_floor = | observatory = | diameter = | circumference = | weight = | other_dimensions = | structural_system = | material = | size = | floor_count = | floor_area = | elevator_count = | grounds_area = | architect = | architecture_firm = | developer = | engineer = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | main_contractor = | awards = | designations = | known_for = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_engineer = | ren_str_engineer = | ren_serv_engineer = | ren_civ_engineer = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_contractor = | ren_awards = | rooms = | parking = | website = | embed = | embedded = | references = | footnotes = }} The Pandacan Oil Depot was a 33-hectare compound in Pandacan, Manila, Philippines. It housed the storage facilities and distribution terminals of three major players in the country's petroleum industry, namely Caltex (a petroleum brand name of Chevron Corporation), Petron, and Shell. The oil depot took its roots from separate establishments by these oil companies. The continued operation of the oil depot in a densely populated major city was a subject of various concerns, including its environmental and health impact to the residents of Manila. HistoryShell established facilities in 1914. Caltex began using the Pandacan warehouse depot in 1917, when it started marketing its products in the Philippines. Eleven years later, its Pandacan warehouse depot was converted into a key distribution terminal to bring products to nearby provinces.[1] Petron followed suit in 1922. Incidents and concernsThe continued operation of the oil depot in a densely populated major city has been a subject of various concerns, including its environmental and health impact to the residents of the adjacent community surrounding the compound, as well as to the larger Manila population. International standards allow oil depots to operate within a 20-kilometer radius buffer zone, away from residential and commercial establishments which would be directly affected by the facility’s everyday operations and impending accidents in the future. In 1997, two Shell oil tankers exploded inside the oil depot complex. In 1999, a pipeline leak was the source of fires in Muntinlupa City, killing one.[2] In January 2008, a tanker burst into flames at the foot of the Nagtahan fly-over. In 2005, the UP College of Medicine at the University of the Philippines Manila conducted the cross-sectional study which found that the number of cases of neurophysical disorders in the area surrounding the area have been progressively increasing. In the same year, a health survey proved that the air surrounding the oil depot contains high levels of benzene, a chemical compound known to increase risks of cancer. In July 2010, the leak of the underground pipeline of the First Philippine Industrial Corporation (FPIC), which carries oil from the oil refineries in the province of Batangas to Pandacan, caused the contamination of water bed table at the basement of West Tower Condominium in Bangkal in Makati City.[3] In 2013, the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) General Manager Nereus Acosta fined the operator of the depot with P200,000 daily due to environmental violations in the Pasig River, which runs thru Laguna Lake.[4] The Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President of the Philippines, is only two kilometers away from the depot.[5] The Polytechnic University of the Philippines is located directly across from the depots on the banks of the Pasig River.[5] Legislative actionsIn 2001, the Manila City Council passed Ordinance No. 8027 that changed the classification of Pandacan from an industrial to a commercial area. It gave the oil depot six months to cease operating in the area.[2] In 2006, Ordinance No. 8119 ordered the phasing out of hazardous industries in the city, including the depot. In 2009, Ordinance 8027 was upheld by the Supreme Court of the Philippines; while the City Council passed Ordinance No. 8187 to negate the first ordinance. This time, Pandacan was re-classified as a heavy industrial zone, allowing the depot to operate.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} The ordinance was later ruled by the Supreme Court as invalid.[6] In 2012, Ordinance No. 8283 re-classified the area as a high-intensity commercial zone, thus giving the oil depot until 2016 to relocate, but was vetoed by then Mayor Alfredo Lim. The proposal instead was to transfer the facilities to the North Harbor, still in Manila.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} DismantlementShell started dismantling the oil depot in July 2015.[7]By the following month, at least three tanks has been dismantled.[8] The oil depot was later dismantled completely. In January 2017, Petron announced that it plans to establish a public market in a property within the site of the former oil depot.[6] External links
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.caltex.com/ph/about/caltex-in-philippines/ |title=Caltex in Philippines |accessdate=2014-03-03 |work=Caltex Philippines}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/65774/a-century-old-challenge--the-oil-depots-in-pandacan |title=A CENTURY-OLD CHALLENGE: The oil depots in Pandacan |accessdate=2014-03-03 |work=Interaksyon.com}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/12/26/1272191/makati-fireworks-ban-3-oil-leak-barangays-stays |title=Makati fireworks ban in 3 'oil leak' barangays stays |accessdate=2014-03-03 |work=The Philippine Star}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://manilatimes.net/llda-slaps-p200000-daily-fine-on-pandacan-oil-depot-operator/13533/ |title=LLDA slaps P200,000 daily fine on Pandacan oil depot operator |accessdate=2014-03-03 |work=The Manila Times}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.gcmonitor.org/article.php?id=87 |title=BROKEN PROMISE IN MANILA: The dying and the fearful ask |accessdate=2014-03-03 |work=Global Community Monitor}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Lectura|first1=Lenie|title=Petron to work with DOTr in converting Pandacan oil depot into food terminal|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/petron-work-dotr-converting-pandacan-oil-depot-food-terminal/|accessdate=28 February 2018|work=BusinessMirror|date=29 January 2017}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Alena Mae|title=Shell starts leaving Pandacan oil depot|url=http://manilastandard.net/business/181573/shell-starts-leaving-pandacan-oil-depot.html|accessdate=28 February 2018|work=Manila Standard|date=5 July 2015}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Finally, Pandacan oil depot dismantled|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/finally-pandacan-oil-depot-dismantled/210501/|accessdate=28 February 2018|work=The Manila Times|date=17 August 2015}} 3 : Buildings and structures in Pandacan|Energy in the Philippines|Oil terminals |
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