| 词条 | STS-41-B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = STS-41-B | image = Bruce McCandless II during EVA in 1984.jpg | image_caption = Bruce McCandless demonstrates the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), floating in space above a clouded Earth. | insignia = Sts-41-b-patch.png | spacecraft = {{OV|099}} | mission_type = Satellite deployment Equipment testing | operator = NASA | COSPAR_ID = 1984-011A | SATCAT = 14681 | mission_duration = 7 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes, 55 seconds | orbits_completed = 128 | distance_travelled = {{convert|3311380|mi|km|order=flip}} | launch_mass = {{convert|250452|lbs|kg|order=flip}} | landing_mass = {{convert|201238|lbs|kg|order=flip}} | payload_mass = {{convert|28252|lbs|kg|order=flip}}[1] | launch_site = Kennedy LC-39A | launch_date = {{start-date|February 3, 1984, 13:00:00|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_date = {{end-date|February 11, 1984, 12:15:55|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_site = Kennedy SLF Runway 15 | crew_size = 5 | crew_members = Vance D. Brand Robert L. Gibson Bruce McCandless II Robert L. Stewart Ronald E. McNair | crew_EVAs = 2 | crew_EVA_duration = 12 hours, 12 minutes First: 5 hours, 55 minutes Second: 6 hours, 17 minutes | crew_photo = STS-41-B crew.jpg | crew_photo_caption = L-R: Seated, Vance Brand, Commander, Robert Gibson, Pilot. Standing, L-R: Mission Specialists Robert L. Stewart, Ronald McNair and Bruce McCandless. Stewart and McCandless are wearing extravehicular mobility units (EMU). | apsis = gee | orbit_epoch = February 5, 1984[2] | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|166|nmi|km|order=flip}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|171|nmi|km|order=flip}} | orbit_inclination = 28.5 degrees | orbit_period = 90.8 minutes | programme = Space Shuttle program | previous_mission = STS-9 | next_mission = STS-41-C }} STS-41-B was the tenth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the fourth flight of the {{OV|099}}. It launched on February 3, 1984, and landed on February 11 after deploying two communications satellites. It was also notable for including the first untethered spacewalk. Following STS-9, the flight numbering system for the Space Shuttle program was changed. Thus, the next flight, instead of being designated STS-11, became STS-41-B; the original successor to STS-9, STS-10, was cancelled due to payload delays. Crew{{Spaceflight crew|terminology = Astronaut |position1 = Commander |crew1_up = Vance D. Brand |flights1_up = Third |position2 = Pilot |crew2_up = Robert L. Gibson |flights2_up = First |position3 = Mission Specialist 1 |crew3_up = Bruce McCandless II |flights3_up = First |position4 = Mission Specialist 2 |crew4_up = Robert L. Stewart |flights4_up = First |position5 = Mission Specialist 3 |crew5_up = Ronald E. McNair |flights5_up = First }} Spacewalks
Crew seating arrangements
Mission summary{{stack begin|clear=true}}{{stack end}}Challenger lifted off from Kennedy Space Center at 8 am EST on February 3, 1984. It was estimated that 100,000 people attended the launch.[4] Two communications satellites were deployed about 8 hours after launch; one, Westar 6, was for America's Western Union, and the other, Palapa B2, for Indonesia.[5] However, the Payload Assist Modules (PAM) for both satellites malfunctioned, placing them into a lower-than-planned orbit. Both satellites were retrieved successfully in November 1984 during STS-51-A, which was conducted by the orbiter Discovery.[5]The STS-41-B crew included commander Vance D. Brand, making his second Shuttle flight; pilot Robert L. Gibson; and mission specialists Bruce McCandless II, Ronald E. McNair, and Robert L. Stewart. On the fourth day of the mission, astronauts McCandless and Stewart performed the first untethered spacewalk, operating the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) for the first time.[6][7] McCandless ventured out {{convert|320|ft|m}} from the orbiter, while Stewart tested the "work station" foot restraint at the end of the Remote Manipulator System. On the seventh day of the mission, both astronauts performed another EVA to practice capture procedures for the Solar Maximum Mission satellite retrieval and repair operation, which was planned for the next mission, STS-41-C.[6] STS-41-B also achieved the reflight of the West German-sponsored SPAS-1 pallet/satellite, which had originally flown on STS-7.[8] This time, however, it remained in the payload bay due to an electrical problem in the RMS. The mission also carried five GAS canisters, six live rats in the middeck area, a Cinema-360 camera and a continuation of the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System and Monodisperse Latex Reactor experiments.[8] Included in one of the GAS canisters was the first experiment by a high school team to fly in space. The experiment, on seed germination and growth in zero gravity, was created and built by a team from Brighton High School in Utah through a partnership with Utah State University.[8] The 7-day, 23-hour, 15-minute, 55-second flight ended on February 11, 1984 with a successful landing at Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. This marked the first landing of a spacecraft at its launch site. Challenger completed 127 orbits and traveled 2.8 million miles. Mission insigniaDesigned by artist Robert McCall, the eleven stars in the blue field symbolize the mission's original designation as STS-11. The left panel shows the deployment of a satellite, and the right panel shows an astronaut using the MMU. Wake-up callsNASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[9]
After the missionAstronaut Bruce McCandless later sued a singer over using the public domain photo of him in space on this mission in the 2010s.[10] Ronald McNair died on the STS-51-L in January 1986.[11] R. McNair was selected for STS-51-L, which launched on 28 January 1986, but he was killed when Challenger disintegrated nine miles above the Atlantic Ocean starting after about 1 minute after liftoff.[12]See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References{{Include-NASA}}1. ^{{cite web|title=NASA shuttle cargo summary|url=http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/green/cargsumm.pdf|publisher=NASA|accessdate=15 August 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|title=SATCAT|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|publisher=Jonathan's Space Pages|accessdate=March 23, 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=STS-41B|url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-41b.htm|publisher=Spacefacts|accessdate=February 26, 2014}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27543551/florida_today/|title=Backed Up Cars; Broken Down Bus; a Beautiful Launch|newspaper=Florida Today|location=Cocoa, Florida|page=3A|date=February 4, 1984|via=Newspapers.com|last1=Stanley|first1=Rick}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.americaspace.com/?p=27134|title="It’ll Be A Miracle": The Rescue of Palapa and Westar (Part 1)|publisher=AmericaSpace|date=November 12, 2012|accessdate=July 20, 2013}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/feb-7-1984-nasa-astronauts-perform-first-untethered-spacewalk/|title=Feb. 7, 1984: NASA Astronauts Perform First Untethered Spacewalk|work=New York Times|date=February 7, 2012|accessdate=July 20, 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4219/Chapter13.html|title="More Favored than the Birds": The Manned Maneuvering Unit in Space|publisher=NASA|year=1998|accessdate=July 20, 2013}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/flights/sts41b.htm|title=STS-41-B|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=July 20, 2013}} 9. ^{{cite news| first = Colin| last = Fries| title = Chronology of Wakeup Calls| date = June 25, 2007| publisher = NASA| url = https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = August 13, 2007}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://petapixel.com/2010/10/08/nasa-astronaut-sues-dido-over-album-cover-photograph/ |title=NASA Astronaut Sues Dido Over Album Cover Photograph |author=Michael Zhang|date=October 8, 2010}} 11. ^[https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_gallery_2437.html] 12. ^NASA Biography External links
6 : Space Shuttle missions|1984 in spaceflight|Spacecraft launched in 1984|1984 in the United States|1984 in science|Spacecraft which reentered in 1984 |
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