| 词条 | Avedis Zildjian Company |
| 释义 |
| name = Avedis Zildjian Company | logo = Zildjian Logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | type = Private | foundation = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire ({{Start date and age|1623}}) | founder = Avedis Zildjian | location_city = Norwell, Massachusetts | location_country = United States | key_people = Avedis Zildjian, Founder Armand Zildjian Craigie Zildjian, Current CEO Debbie Zildjian | owners = Craigie Zildjian, Current CEO Debbie Zildjian | products = Cymbals, Drum sticks | industry = Cymbal manufacturer }} The Avedis Zildjian Company, simply known as Zildjian ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|ɪ|l|dʒ|ən|,_|-|dʒ|i|ə|n}}),[1] is an American-based cymbal manufacturer. The company was founded in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey) by Avedis Zildjian in the 17th century, and is now based in Norwell, Massachusetts. Being nearly 400 years old, Zildjian is one of the oldest companies in the world. Zildjian also sells drum-related accessories, such as drum sticks and cymbal carriers. It is the largest cymbal manufacturer in the world.[2][3][4][5][6] On December 20, 2010, it was announced that Avedis Zildjian Company had merged with Vic Firth, Inc.[7] According to the announcement, both companies will continue to run autonomously.[7] HistoryBeginningsThe first Zildjian cymbals were created in 1618 by Avedis Zildjian,[8] an Armenian alchemist who was looking for a way to turn base metal into gold. He made an alloy of tin, copper, and silver into a sheet of metal, which could make musical sounds without shattering.[9] The Sultan Osman II the Young gave Avedis the name Zildjian (Zilciyân)[11] (zil is Turkish for "cymbal," ci means "maker," and ian is the Armenian suffix meaning "son of"), and in 1623 granted him permission to leave the palace to start his own business in a suburb of Constantinople named Psamatia.[10] Zildjian's shop manufactured cymbals for the mehter, Ottoman military bands consisting of wind and percussion instruments, which belonged to the Janissaries. Mehter ensembles, which were known in the West primarily for playing in battle, also performed courtly music for Ottoman rulers.[8][11][12] The Zildjians likely also produced instruments for Greek and Armenian churches, Sufi dervishes and belly dancers of the Ottoman harem, who wore finger cymbals.[8] In 1850 Avedis II built a 25-foot schooner, in order to sail cymbals produced in Constantinople to trade exhibitions such as the Great Exhibition in London,[8] and to supply musicians in Europe.[13][19] In 1865 Avedis II died, and his brother Kerope II took over the company.[14] He introduced a line of instruments called K Zildjian, which are used by classical musicians to this day.[8][15] Kerope II died in 1909 in Constantinople.[14] In the late nineteenth century, Aram Zildjian, who was then head of the family, was forced by political conditions to flee to Bucharest.[16] There, he set up a second Zildjian factory, while Kerope I's daughter Victoria ran the Constantinople factory. This situation continued until about 1927.[17][18] 1900sAround 1928, Avedis III, his brother Puzant, and his uncle Aram Zildjian began manufacturing cymbals in Quincy, Massachusetts,[19][20] and the Avedis Zildjian Co. was formed the following year in 1929.[21] Avedis III sought out jazz drummers like Gene Krupa to understand their needs.[22] The new cymbals he developed were widely adopted by swing and later bebop musicians, laying the foundations of the modern drum kit and playing technique.[8] In 1968, Avedis split production into two separate operations, opening the Azco factory in Meductic, New Brunswick, Canada.[23] In 1975, Zildjian began making K. Zildjian cymbals at the Azco plant.[24] These were made until 1979. Within four years (1980), all K Cymbals were being made in the Norwell US plant, because the Ks demanded far more oversight. Armand worked with friends, the drummers Elvin Jones and Tony Williams to relaunch the K Series. In early 1977, Armand Zildjian was appointed President of the Avedis Zildjian Company by his father.[34] Soon after, Robert Zildjian split from the company amidst conflict with his brother, Armand. In 1981, Robert started making Sabian cymbals in the Canadian Azco factory.[25] Recent historyIn 2003, Armand died at age 83. The Zildjian alloy recipe passed to his daughters, Craigie and Debbie (14th generation), both of whom continue to run the family business from the current factory in Norwell, Massachusetts.[26][27] Other than cymbals, the Avedis Zildjian Company produces products such as drum sticks and other drum accessories. In 2012, the Avedis Zildjian Company celebrated their 390th anniversary.[28] In 2016, Avedis Zildjian Company promoted Neil Larrivee to vice president.[29] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=zildjian|title = Pronunciation of zildjian|publisher = howjsay.com|accessdate = 2010-12-21}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Management|year=2011|publisher=South-Western Cengage|location=Mason, OH|isbn=9781111221362|page=35|author=Robert Kreitner, Carlene M. Cassidy|edition=12th|quote=Company, based in Norwell, Massachusetts, is the largest cymbal maker in the world and the oldest continuously family-run business in the United States.}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Lamb|first=Charles W.|title=The Subject is Marketing|year=2002|publisher=Nelson Thomson Learning|location=Scarborough, Ont.|isbn=9780176169558|page=26|edition=2nd Canadian|quote=Avedis Zildjian of Norwell, Massachusetts, can trace its history back to 1623 in Constantinople. It is the world's largest maker of cymbals for drummers and musicians.}} 4. ^Newsweek, Volume 71, Issues 1-9, 1968, p. 71 "As the only producer of cymbals in the U.S., the Zildjian company dominates a world market rapidly expanding with the proliferation of per- cussionary rock 'n' roll bands." 5. ^The Music Trades, Volume 135, Issues 1-6, p. 90 "Maintaining its position as the world's largest cymbal producer, the Avedis Zildjian Company has announced an exciting joint venture with Barcus-Berry, Inc." 6. ^{{cite news|title=Robert Zildjian Dead: Founder Of Sabian Cymbal Company Dies At 89|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/29/robert-zildjian-dead-sabian-cymbals-obituary_n_2976363.html|accessdate=25 May 2013|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=29 March 2013}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.vicfirth.com/families-unite/ |title = Vic Firth Company and Avedis Zildjian Company Announce Merger |publisher = VicFirth.com |accessdate = 2010-12-21 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101222070134/http://www.vicfirth.com/families-unite/ |archivedate = 2010-12-22 |df = }} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite news|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/03/arts/music/zildjian-cymbals-400-years.html|title=A Family’s 400-Year-Old Musical Secret Still Rings True|access-date=2018-08-04|language=en|author=Lara Pellegrinelli|date=Aug 3, 2018}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Charles C. Sharpe|title=Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Searching on the Internet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WC7wwSha18sC&pg=PA71|date=1 November 1999|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-6261-2|pages=71–}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Down Beat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJEJAQAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Maher Publications}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=The Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U22uAAAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=IC Publications Limited}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=SPIN Media LLC|title=SPIN|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Yh9p0GCKsEC&pg=PA19|date=May 1989|publisher=SPIN Media LLC|pages=19–|issn=0886-3032}} 13. ^{{cite book|title=The School Musician Director and Teacher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zk9AAAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Ammark Publishing Company}} 14. ^1 {{cite book|title=Percussive Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6MJAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Percussive Arts Society.}} 15. ^{{cite book|title=The Trade-mark Reporter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rhEAQAAIAAJ|year=1953|publisher=United States Trademark Association}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Woodwind World-brass & Percussion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3i5LAAAAYAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Evans Publications}} 17. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Dev Patnaik|author2=Peter Mortensen|title=Wired to Care: How Companies Prosper when They Create Widespread Empathy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJthBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|year=2009|publisher=FT Press|isbn=978-0-13-714234-7|pages=52–}} 18. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://zildjian.com/information/about-zildjian|title=About Zildjian|date=22 October 2015|publisher=}} 19. ^{{cite book|title=Percussive Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkJAQAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Percussive Arts Society.}} 20. ^{{cite book|title=Music Trades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNvjAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Music Trades Corporation}} 21. ^{{cite book|title=The United States Patents Quarterly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dNKAQAAIAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Associated Industry Publications}} 22. ^{{cite book|title=Modern Drummer: MD.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtE5AQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Modern Drummer Publications}} 23. ^{{cite book|author=James Holland|title=Practical Percussion: A Guide to the Instruments and Their Sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMq9ZNZQMNwC&pg=PA84|date=16 September 2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-1-4616-7063-6|pages=84–}} 24. ^{{cite book|title=Modern Drummer: MD.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6gJAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Modern Drummer Publications}} 25. ^{{cite web |title=Robert Zildjian Robert Zildjian, who has died aged 89|website=Telepgrah |publisher=Telegraph |accessdate=5 August 2018}} 26. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-01-01/news/0212311225_1_debbie-zildjian-craigie-zildjian-avedis-zildjian|title=Armand Zildjian, 81, Led Cymbal Company|publisher=}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/news/how-390-year-old-family-business-avoids-layoffs-1C8711297|title=How a 390-year-old family business avoids layoffs|publisher=}} 28. ^{{cite web |title=The Avedis Zildjian Company Announces its 390th Anniversary |url=https://www.emusician.com/gear/the-avedis-zildjian-company-announces-its-390th-anniversary |website=E Musician |publisher=Emusician |accessdate=5 August 2018}} 29. ^{{cite web |title=zildjian-promotes-neil-larrivee-vice-president/ |url=https://www.moderndrummer.com/2016/09/zildjian-promotes-neil-larrivee-vice-president/ |website= |publisher=Modern Drummer |accessdate=5 August 2018}} External links
10 : 1623 establishments|Companies established in the 1620s|Percussion instrument manufacturing companies|Cymbal manufacturing companies|Companies based in Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Companies based in Southeastern Massachusetts|The Beatles' musical instruments|Musical instrument manufacturing companies of Turkey|Armenian culture|Armenian music |
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