“Sunbury-on-Thames”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sunbury-on-Thames is a suburban village in the borough of Spelthorne, in the county of Surrey in England. It extends from the left bank of the River Thames and the south-west of the Greater London boundary and is approximately {{convert|13|mi}}^[2] from Charing Cross, London. Suburban neighbourhoods make up most of its area, Lower Sunbury, added to which is part of the Metropolitan Green Belt including Kempton Park. The town centre is by the London end of the M3 motorway, elsewhere are three shopping parades and riverside public houses. In tourism Lower Sunbury holds an annual fair and regatta each August.

Sunbury railway station is on a branch line from London Waterloo. Lower Sunbury contains most of the town's parks, pubs and listed buildings, Kempton Park Racecourse, served by its own railway station and a public walled garden which has a large millennium tapestry in its art gallery/café. Offices and hotels form part of its labour-importing economy. Most of Sunbury's riverside forms privately owned houses or lodges with gardens, including Wheatley's Ait and Sunbury Court Island which are attached by footbridges. Many schools are based in the town including large secondary schools in the Catholic and Anglican traditions; some maintain sixth form colleges.

Sunbury adjoins other settlements Feltham to the north, Hampton to the east, Ashford to the northwest, Shepperton to the southwest and Walton-on-Thames to the south on the opposite bank of the Thames.

History

The earliest evidence of occupation in Sunbury is provided by the discovery of Bronze Age funerary urns dating from the 10th century BC. It is mentioned in the Sunbury Charter in AD 962. Many years later the arrival of Huguenot refugees gave the name to French Street.

The place-name 'Sunbury' is first attested in a Saxon charter circa 960-2, where it appears as Sunnanbyrg. Another charter of 962 lists it as Sunnanbyrig. Sunbury appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Sunneberie. The name means 'Sunna's burgh or fortification'. The same first name is found in Sonning in Berkshire.^[4]

Sunbury's Domesday assets were: 7 hides. It had 5 ploughs, meadow for 6 ploughs, and cattle pasture. It had about 22 households, including one priest and included the manor of Kempton, Kynaston, Chenneston, Kenton or Kenyngton, listed separately. The manor rendered £6 per year to its feudal system overlords. That of Kempton rendered £4.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Sunbury's history is in part told by its surviving buildings, see Landmarks, in particular the wealth and community tie of its parish church and mansions built in the 'Georgian period', the 18th century.

Rev. Gilbert White described Sunbury, in The Natural History of Selborne, letter xii, 4 November 1767 as "one of those pleasant villages lying on the Thames, near Hampton Court".

In 1889 a group of music hall stars met in the Magpie Hotel in Lower Sunbury to form the Grand Order of Water Rats. The pub itself was named after the horse that one of the entertainers owned, whilst the Grand Order was named because the Magpie (a trotting pony belonging to Richard Thornton, music hall owner)^[8] had been described as a drowned water rat. The Three Fishes in Green Street is one of the oldest pubs in Surrey, thought to date back to the 16th century.^[9]

In the twentieth century, kennels near Sunbury Cross in the town were used for keeping greyhounds for racing at the disbanded stadiums of Wandsworth, Charlton and Park Royal.^[10]

Sunbury-on-Thames is historically in Middlesex. Under the Local Government Act of 1888 County Councils were established the following year, with Sunbury governed by the new Middlesex County Council. This was further refined by the creation of Sunbury-on-Thames Urban District in 1894.^[11] In 1965, most of Middlesex was absorbed into Greater London. However, the Sunbury-on-Thames Urban District was instead transferred to the County of Surrey.^[11] The Royal Mail did not adopt the change in 1965 and the postal county remained Middlesex until their official disestablishment in 1996.^[12] In 1974 the urban district was abolished and it has since formed part of the borough of Spelthorne.^[13]

Topography and localities

Sunbury is a post town that is in part north and south of the M3, varying from 14 to 9m AOD with a term for each part.

Lower Sunbury

Lower Sunbury, {{coord|51.411|-0.409|type:city_region:GB-SRY|display=inline}}, locally known as 'Sunbury village', bordering the Thames and M3, is just over half of the town forming an almost entirely green-buffered residential suburb which includes eight schools: including three of the six secondary schools in the Borough (or of eight including those which are independent).^[14] Southwest of this, partially in Shepperton are parts of the Metropolitan Green Belt including four farms, a golf course, riverside horseriding centre at Beasley's Ait, the Swan Sanctuary, a rugby training centre and Upper Halliford's park. Lower Sunbury has one of the larger NHS medical general practitioner (GP) centres in the Borough. Football, playgrounds and tennis grounds are in both halves of the town with London Irish being the main organised team in the village. Sunbury Park has dog-walking, cycle paths and facilities and a tree-lined linear park, Hawke Park serves the area.

The town has been the home to London Irish RFC since 1932 whose premiership team since 2001 has played at the Madejski Stadium in Reading, Berkshire. Many hundreds of players train at Sunbury during the rugby season. Its eastern border is Kempton Park Racecourse which has on the far side of the town the main area of historic woodland and wildlife preservation, the Kempton Park Reservoirs SSSI which blends into the park's own ponds, woods, Portman Brook and additional channels in the Green Belt.

The neighbourhood has a tapestry known as the Millennium Embroidery which was conceived and designed in the 1990s and completed in 2000. Since July 2006 its permanent home is the purpose-built Sunbury Millennium Embroidery Gallery, in a well-tended, free-to-visit Walled Garden adjoining Sunbury Park. The opening of a café within the gallery building, which architecturally resembles a boat, has increased the leisure time spent in the predominantly Georgian and early Victorian conservation area, the majority of which runs along Thames Street, a small section of which King's Lawn is a terraced public riverside. Fishing is permitted here for those with two Environment Agency (EA) licences.^[15]^[16] The Walled Garden hosts annual concerts, flower displays, events related to its facing Millennium Embroidery Café and occasionally plays in summer.^[17]

In July of each year, Lower Sunbury is the start of the colourful traditional ceremony of Swan Upping, where two livery companies carry out marking of the swans on all upper reaches of the River Thames. In August, the traditional Sunbury Amateur Regatta takes place on the stretch of the river around Rivermead Island.

Lower Sunbury has similar property plot sizes to Shepperton and house prices as Hampton.^[18] Most property is 1930s–1960s semi-detached or detached houses with gardens on verge or tree-lined roads. The railway here benefits from seating at peak times but gives lower speed of access to the City of London relative to the South West Main Line developments of Elmbridge. Wide roads and parking provide strengths of the borough. The largest plots of garden measure only around an acre not covering any of the grassy plain, western outlying farms or boundary-lining trees in the far east and west. Lower Sunbury has numerous pubs, independent restaurants. A dog-free meadow permitting informal cricket and football is near the main parade of shops at which annual carols are held and at the regatta time in August a celebratory street market takes place.

Sunbury Common

The northern section is Sunbury Common, patches of which remain, commanded by its four tower blocks and two hotels, overall with a mixed-use urban composition; it also houses major employers including offices of Siemens, European Asbestos Solutions, Chubb and BP. The M3, with its inaugural junction at Sunbury Cross, sections off Lower Sunbury. Sunbury Common has a long, curved shopping parade that includes a sports store, jewellery shop, Marks & Spencer, Halfords, Laura Ashley and Farmfoods supermarket. Also in this area, set off the main road is a Tesco Extra.

North and east of the area is part of the green belt: a small farm and larger natural brookland habitat with most of this area being in the adjoining London Borough of Hounslow and before the early 19th century part of distant Hanworth Park, historically part of Hounslow Heath. Its wild flower meadows, brooks and man-made troughs with wetland plants and insects form the Kempton Park Reservoirs SSSI. The operational Kempton Reservoirs and roads passing into Hampton form the rest of the town's eastern border, a buffer further south.

Sunbury here has five or six high rise tower blocks: 3 residential including the newly converted chubb building ; and two hotels. Similarly it has industrial/business parks clustered generally in the acute angles between the M3/A316 (Country Way) and the A308 (Staines Road West). BP's Engineering and Research Centre in the north replaced Meadhurst House and gardens occupied by the Cadbury family and has evolved into BP's international centre for business and technology across a number of landscaped units. A number of other major companies have premises.

Marking the western border of the Upper Halliford/Charlton parts of Sunbury ecclesiastical and historic parish, however no longer by the town,^[19] is the Queen Mary Reservoir which was constructed 1914–25 and is home to a sailing club regularly used by schools and youth organisations to teach water sports.^[20]

Landmarks

Anglican church

St Mary's Church was built originally in the medieval period, to which its foundations date. It was entirely rebuilt in 1752, designed by Stephen Wright (Clerk of Works to Hampton Court Palace); it has a tall apsidal (dome-like) chancel with a south chapel and western extensions to aisles added in extensive remodelling designed by architect Samuel Sanders Teulon in 1857. A solitary central monument in the church itself is to Lady Jane Coke (died 1761), stained glass and a vestry much extended in the early 20th century. It is a listed building in the mid-category, Grade II*.^[21]

Sunbury Court

Sunbury Court in Lower Sunbury (b.1723) is the home of the high council of the Salvation Army since 1925.^[22]^[23]

Hawke House

Sunbury has the main home, Hawke House, of Admiral Hawke who blockaded Rochefort in 1757 and in 1758 he directed the blockade of Brest for six months. Its three parts are Georgian buildings with small gardens to front and rear. The vast bulk of the land behind and across the road belonging to the house was re-planned in stages in the mid 20th century as private detached homes with gardens.

Millennium Embroidery

Its own modernist gallery contains the wall-dominating commissioned artwork, a substantial tapestry, that commemorates Sunbury's ascension to the third millennium. It was designed by John Stamp and David Brown to be a large patchwork of Sunbury landmarks, including St. Mary's Church, the Admiral Hawke/Hawke House and the river. The finished piece is actually composed of several embroideries, the largest of which measures {{convert|9|x|3|ft|m|0}}. It took four years to complete and enlisted the help of over 140 volunteers and artists.

Queen Elizabeth II visited the Embroidery in 2001 and the gallery built for it in 2006.

Wheatley's Ait

This residential island of Sunbury is one of the longest on the River Thames and is divided into two sections by a storm weir. It is connected by a wide footbridge. The main weir, maintained and owned by the Environment Agency, connects the downstream end of the island to Sunbury Lock Ait, which is almost uninhabited, and is within the modern parish bounds of Walton and has the Middle Thames Yachting and Motorboat Club.

Sunbury Court Island

Sunbury Court Island, as with most of Sunbury's riverside, privately owned, is another residential island, connected by a narrow arched footbridge well above river level.

Sunbury House

An abortive proposal for this western part of the manor was designed by Sir Christopher Wren to be the local army barracks but not built. Sunbury House was a large building with gardens and allotments covering the rectangle of land between Thames Street, Green Street, Forge Lane and Halliford Road. It was leased in 1855 by the Bishop family, who had owned it since its 1789 commencement of construction for Charles Bishop, HM Procurator General, to Captain Auguste Frederic Lendy, a French officer, who, with the assistance of the exiled French Royal family (living at Orleans House) founded a military academy.

This was a period when military commissions were still bought and sold, and training of officers in the army itself was quite rudimentary, so these establishments existed to teach students the necessary skills before taking up their posts.

On New Year's Eve 1915 the house was largely destroyed by fire and the two wings survived. One of these was later demolished, the remaining large west wing becoming a nursing home in two parts: Sunbury House which has not yet been listed and West Lodge almost entirely late 18th century and a building listed in the initial category at Grade II.^[24]

Education

State schools

Primary schools

Founded in the 1950s as Manor Lane Primary School. In 1967 the school changed its name to Chennestone to reflect the name of one of four manors in the parish, as spelt in the Domesday Book, when its pronunciation as with "Chent" in that book (Kent) would have been close to Kenyngton, its other form soon after recorded and its eventual form, Kempton.^[25]^[26]

Secondary schools

Independent schools

Selective secondary independent schools (of approximately equal distance of less than three miles from the centre) are Hampton School (for boys) and Lady Eleanor Holles School (for girls) in Hampton, Sir William Perkins's School (for girls) in Chertsey, Halliford School (for boys) in Shepperton and St James Senior Boys School in Ashford. Local Preparatory Schools include Hampton Preparatory School, formerly Denmead School in Hampton, (part of the Hampton School Trust), Newland House School in Twickenham, Twickenham Preparatory School in Hampton, and Staines Preparatory School in Staines-upon-Thames.

Leisure

Sport and fitness

Other

River Thames

Sharing a border

Within historic boundary

Entertainment

In literature

The riverside St Mary's Anglican Church and the Ferry House nearby are mentioned in the book Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens.

Sunbury's islands and the ardour of rowing up Sunbury backwater (weir stream) to access the public riverside are mentioned in Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome.

Sunbury is passed through briefly in H.G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, where it is described to have been partially covered in heavy, inky vapor by the Martians.^[33]

Sunbury is mentioned in the opening chapter of Rural Rides by farmers' champion William Cobbett: "All Middlesex is ugly, notwithstanding the millions upon millions which it is continually sucking up from the rest of the kingdom; and though the Thames and its meadows now-and-then are seen from the road, the country is not less ugly from Richmond to Chertsey-bridge, through Twickenham, Hampton, Sunbury and Sheperton [sic], than it is elsewhere. The soil is a gravel at bottom with a black loam at top near the Thames; further back it is a sort of spewy gravel; and, the buildings consist generally of tax-eaters showy, tea-garden-like boxes, and of shabby dwellings of labouring people, who in this part of the country look to be about half Saint Giles's: dirty, and have every appearance of drinking gin." A few years after Cobbett's death Thomas Babington wrote in 1843, "An acre in Middlesex is worth a principality in Utopia" which contrasts neatly with its agricultural caricature.^[34]

Notable people

Demography and housing

The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

The proportion of households in the settlement who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).^[45]

Nearest places

Transport

Road

Rail

Bus

Although Sunbury is officially outside London, it is predominantly served by three London bus routes:

Air

Emergency services

Namesakes

The name Sunbury derived from the Anglo-Saxon name of the area, which has been recorded in Old English orthology first in respect of an Island here — "Aet Sunnanbyrig".

Notes and references

1. ^¹²Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Ashford makes up 2011 lower output areas Spelthorne 003, 005 and 006. Note: the towns and villages in Spelthorne have one ward each which covers part of a neighbouring town or village. For example, Laleham is split between two wards. Retrieved 21 November 2013
2. ^¹Gridreferencefinder.com Distance measuring tools.
3. ^Museum of London exhibit
4. ^Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.453.
5. ^Surrey Domesday Book {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715015325/http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm |date=15 July 2007 }}
6. ^Domesday Map – Sunbury Retrieved 17 December 2013
7. ^Domesday Map – Kempton Retrieved 17 December 2013
8. ^Grand Order of Water Rats (GOWR)
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22248|title=Sunbury: Introduction|work=british-history.ac.uk}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Greyhound Knowledge Forum|url=http://www.greyhound-data.com/knowledge.php?b=2¬e=16965&order=&x=1|publisher=greyhound-data.com|accessdate=11 September 2015}}
11. ^¹Vision of Britain – Sunbury UD {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001015422/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10216394 |date=1 October 2007 }} (historic map)
12. ^Royal Mail, Address Management Guide, (2004)
13. ^Arnold-Baker, C., Local Government Act 1972, (1973)
14. ^Schools by (grouped) location Surrey County Council. Accessed 14 April 2015
15. ^Fishing Licences Gov.uk
16. ^"You can fish for free anywhere downstream of Staines Bridge to Teddington where there is public access." Visit Thames. Accessed 14 April 2015.
17. ^Sunbury Millennium Embroidery Retrieved 14 March 2015
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mouseprice.com|title=Land Registry Sold House Prices and Property Valuations – Mouseprice.com|work=mouseprice.com}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps|title=Google Maps|work=Google Maps}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=History of the Queen Mary Reservoir - Village Matters|url=http://www.villagematters.co.uk/sunbury-matters/sunbury-matters-articles/2014/02/history-of-the-queen-mary-reservoir|publisher=Village Matters|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
21. ^Church of St Mary – Grade II* – {{National Heritage List for England|num=1029661|accessdate=17 December 2013}}
22. ^Acquired for construction in the 1720s by John Witt, believed to be a retired master builder and developer see {{National Heritage List for England|num=1180231|accessdate=2 September 2012}}, Grade II* listed building listing of Sunbury Court
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org/sunburycourt|title=The Salvation Army, Sunbury Court Conference Centre|access-date=6 December 2016}}
24. ^Sunbury Nursing Home 'West Lodge' – Grade II listing {{National Heritage List for England|num=1029678|accessdate=16 March 2015}}
25. ^Domesday Book.
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/collections/getrecord/SHCOL_CC623|title=News – Exploring Surrey's Past|work=exploringsurreyspast.org.uk}}
27. ^West Surrey Racing address and details. Retrieved 14 March 2015
28. ^Riding schools directory website: Sunbury Riding School. Accessed 14 March 2015
29. ^Rod fishing licence for the River Thames Post Office. Accessed 14 March 2015.
30. ^Wilson's Boat Yard details at Visit Thames Accessed 14 March 2015.
31. ^Hampton & Kempton Narrow Gauge Railway Circuit website{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} Accessed 14 March 2015
32. ^Sunbury Golf Club Accessed 14 March 2015
33. ^https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds/Book_1/Chapter_15
34. ^{{cite book|last=Robbins|first=Michael|title=Middlesex|origyear=1953|year=2003|publisher=Phillimore|location=Chichester|isbn=9781860772696|page=xiii and 28}}
35. ^Mosley, Charles (Ed.) (op. cit.) p.814
36. ^Montford or Montford House Sunbury and Shepperton Local History Society articles in Sunbury Matters, January 2013. Accessed 16 March 2015.
37. ^Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. Burke's Irish Family Records, Burkes Peerage Ltd, London, 1976, p321
38. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1295014|accessdate=16 March 2015}}
39. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1029642|accessdate=16 March 2015}}
40. ^Mosley, Charles, ed. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, Burke's Peerage Ltd, Wilmington, Delaware, 2003, p1489
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/gallery/2016/apr/11/tom-jones-and-wife-linda-the-early-years-in-pictures|publisher=The Guardian|title=Tom Jones and wife Linda, the early years - in pictures|access-date=6 December 2016}}
42. ^Mosley, Charles (Ed.) (op. cit.), p686
43. ^G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910–1959; Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester 2000, volume I, page 162.
44. ^Additional detailed citation: General Register Office Deaths registered in 1873: Henry White. Death took place in the Staines registration district, certificate index: Vol 3a p5, aged 84.
45. ^Map showing Super Outputs areas Office for National Statistics Retrieved 16 December 2013